Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomical Kinesiology > Final Exam-Shoulder Girdle > Flashcards

Final Exam-Shoulder Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

Upper Extremity

A

Shoulder Complex
Arm/Forearm
Wrist (Hand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Shoulder Girdle

A

an “open” mechanical system

R and L sides not directly attached so they can move independently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sternoclavicular Articulation

A
  • articulation between the sternum and clavicle

- a modified ball-and-socket joint (mobile in frontal and transverse plane; limited sagittal movement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acromioclavicular Movement

A

articulation between acromion process and distal end of clavicle

BONY SUPPORT–weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Scapulothoracic Articulation

A
  • “physiological” articulation (no bone-to-bone connection) between the anterior surface of the scapula (scapular fossa) and the thoracic wall
  • scapula rests on 2 muscles (serratus anterior and subscapularis)
  • 60 degree ROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Scapular Motions

A

Elevation and Depression
Protraction and Retraction
Upward and Downward Rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Scapulohumeral Rhythm

A

scapular rotation to facilitate shoulder movements (abduction and flexion)

  • 1st 30 degree of abduction or 45 degrees of flexion–scapula moves to a position of stability on thorax
  • beyond this initial range–a 5:4 ratio of glenohumeral to scapular movements
  • for total ROM have a 2:1 ration (e.g. 180 degrees of abduction have 120 degrees of glenohumeral movement and 60 degrees of scapular movement)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rhomboids

A

Elevation, Downward Rotation, Retraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Depression, Downward Rotation, Protraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Protraction, Upward Rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Upper Trapezius/ Middle Trapezius

A

Elevation, Protraction, Upward Rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lower Trapezius

A

Depression, Retraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Elevation, Retraction, Downward Rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Shoulder Joint (aka glenohumeral)

A
  • articulation of humerus and glenoid fossa
  • designed for mobility (greatest ROM of any joint in body)
  • lacks bony and ligamentous support
  • shallow glenoid fossa (1/4 size of humeral head)
  • half-spherical humeral head
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Labrum

A
  • a lip of cartilage surrounding the joint
  • increases depth of fossa
  • increases contact area by 75%
  • assists in holding the humerus in place
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Coracohumeral Ligament

A 
glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, inferior)
-these ligaments merge with the articular capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Shoulder depends on ligamentous and muscular contributions for support

A

Articular capsule (2x volume of humeral head-laxity)

Anterior Support: capsule, labrum, glenohumeral ligaments 3 “reinforcements” in the capsule coracohumeral ligament, and fibers of the subscapularis and pec. major that blend into the joint capsule

Posterior Support: capsule, labrum, fibers from the teres minor and infraspinatus that blend into the capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Shoulder Ligamentous Support

A
  • no ligament to prevent backward displacement
  • fossa angle slightly anterior
  • prevents backward displacement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stabilizing Influence of Rotator Cuff

A
  • muscles have a large stabilizing component when active
  • all have a ‘large’ horizontal component
  • so play a significant role in stabilizing the humerus agaist the glenoid fossa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

External Rotation

A

infraspinatus and teres minor

21
Q

Internal rotation

A

subscapularis

22
Q

Horizontal Adduction

A

Pec major and Anterior Deltoid

23
Q

Horizontal Abduction

A

Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Pos. Deltoid

24
Q

Muscular Strength (Shoulder Complex) from Strongest to Weakest

A 
Adduction
Extension
Flexion
Abduction
Internal rotation
External rotation
25
Q

Shoulder Loading

A

-ergonomists recumbent workers seated desk use arm position with 20 degrees or less of abduction and 25 degrees or less of flexion

26
Q

Shoulder Girdle Injury

Sternoclavicular Joint

A

-low rate injury

  • sprain caused by force which displaces shoulder anteriorly
  • dislocation of medial end of clavicle medially, superiorly, and either anterior or posterior
  • posterior dislocation particularly dangerous because trachea, esophagus, veins, etc. located behind
  • dislocation in adults but usually fracture in children
27
Q

Shoulder Girdle Injury

Acromioclavicular Joint

A

-force applied laterally to acromion process

  • commonly known as shoulder separation
  • range from mild sprain of AC ligament to complete AC dislocation with tearing of clavicular attachments of deltoid and trapezius and complete rupture of coracoclavicular ligament
  • displaces the acromion anteriorly and inferiorly while clavicle does not move (95% of all dislocations for this joint)
  • scenario-fall on an outstretched arm to break a fall
  • force of impact transmitted through humerus such that entire scapula is displaced relative to unmoved clavicle
28
Q

Dislocation or subluxation

A
  • frequent due to lack of stability
  • usually occur when should abducted and extremely rotated

ANTERIOR-INFERIOR dislocations most common (90%)
when arm is abducted, extended, and externally rotated

  • usually caused by a large external force
  • age of 1st dislocation inversely related to rate of recurrence (the younger you are, the more likely you are to have a recurrence)
29
Q

Shoulder Joint Action: Abduction

A

Supraspinatus, Deltoid, Upper Pectoralis Major

30
Q

Shoulder Joint Action: Adduction

A

Lattissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Lower Pectoralis Major, Coracobrachialis, Triceps Brachii

31
Q

Shoulder Joint Action: Flexion

A

Anterior Deltoid, Upper Perctoralis Major, Biceps Brachii, Coracobrachilias

32
Q

Shoulder Joint Action: Extension

A

Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Triceps Brachii, Lower Pectoralis Major, Posterior Deltoid

33
Q

Shoulder Joint Action: Internal Rotation

A

Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Pectoralis Major, Subscapularis

34
Q

Shoulder Joint Action: External Rotation

A

Infraspinatus, Teres Major

35
Q

Shoulder Girdle Action: Upward Rotation

A

Serratus Anterior, Upper and Lower Trapezius

36
Q

Shoulder Girdle Action: Downward Rotation

A

Pectoralis Minor, Rhomboids

37
Q

Shoulder Girdle Action: Elevation and Upward Rotation

A

Levator Scapulae, Serratus Anterior, Upper Trapezius, Rhomboids

38
Q

Shoulder Girdle Action: Depression and Downward Rotation

A

Pectoralis Minor, Lower Trapezius, Rhomboids

39
Q

Shoulder Girdle Action: Protraction

A

Seratus Anterior, Pectoralis Minor

40
Q

Shoulder Girdle Action: Retraction

A

Lower Trapezius, Rhomboids

41
Q

How to detect a torn Rotator Cuff

A

Using an Arthrogram Inject die into joint to see if it leaks out where the rotator cuff tendon is supposed to be.

Use an MRI

42
Q

Soft Tissue Injuries

A

Often associated with overarm motions such as throwing

Preparatory phase: shoulder abducted to 90, shoulder ext rotation, scapular retraction, and elbow flexion

Anterior capsule and subscapularis muscle are susceptible to strain or tendinitis at the insertion on the lesser tubercle

43
Q

Extreme External Rotation in Overarm Pitching

A

-external rotation terminated by forces from:

  • anterior joint capsule and ligaments
  • subscapularis
  • pectoralis major
  • triceps brachii
  • teres major
  • latissmus dorsi
44
Q

Acceleration Phase

A

EXPLOSIVE PHASE CHARACTERIZED BY:

  • initiation of elbow extension
  • shoulder internal rotation
  • maintenance of shoulder abduction at 90
  • shoulder transverse adduction
  • scapular protraction

-posterior capsule and labrum supsceptible to injury as anterior shoulder is tightened driving the humeral head backwards

45
Q

Follow Through Phase

A
  • rotator cuff works to decelerate shoulder’s internal rotation
  • infraspinatus and teres minor very susceptible to muscle strain or tendinitis
46
Q

Rotator Cuff Impingement

A

-impingement of supraspinatus tendon

2 THEORIES

  • genetic: too narrow a space between acromion and humeral head
  • overuse: repeated stretching of supraspinatus weakens its ability to stabilize the humerus leading to deltoid pulling humerus up and impingement of tissues
47
Q

Swimmer’s Shoulder

RECOVERY

A
  • near maximum tension in serratus anterior during recovery to rotate scapula and facilitate overhead arm movements
  • fatigued serratus will not rotate scapula so rotator cuff muscles impinged
48
Q

Swimmer’s Shoulder “Impingement Syndrome”

@ HAND ENTRY

A
  • shoulder forced into extreme abduction, flexion and internal rotation
  • allows prox head of humerus to rub across the supraspinatus tendon
  • can “impinge” the supraspinatus tendon between humerus and coracoacromial ligament
  • increased internal rotation when elbow is held in place and arm pushes back
  • head of humerus is thrust forward close to ligamentous structure of shoulder joint where contact can occur
  • increase likelihood of impingement
49
Q

Swimmer’s Shoulder

AT COMPLETION OF ARM PULL

A
  • shoulder adducted such that supraspinatus tendon is stretched over the head of the humerus
  • cuts off blood supply to tendon

Anatomical Kinesiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions