Final Exam Review Questions Flashcards
Check PPT for EKG questions
What is the patient’s mean arterial pressure (MAP) if their blood pressure reading is 136/79?
A. 117
B. 98
C. 187
D. 72
B. 98
MAP – SBP + 2(DBP)/3
You are caring for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The glucometer of the patient’s most recent blood glucose level reads 242 mg/dL. Which of the following clinical manifestations would be representative of the patient’s blood glucose reading? Select all that apply
A. Warm, moist skin B. Iritable C. Anxious D. Rapid, deep respirations E. Weakness
A. Warm, moist skin
D. Rapid, deep respirations
Kussmaul breathing
You are doing an admission assessment on a patient diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following medications listed in the patient’s medication history prevents the inflammatory response associated with asthma and will require an oral rinse after use?
A. Albuterol
B. Tiotropium
C. Beclomethasone
D. Montelukast
C. Beclomethasone
Inhaled corticosteroid – recommend oral rinse to prevent thrush (fungal infection)
You are caring for a patient who just finished with their radiation treatment for bladder cancer. The patient is scheduled to receive doxorubicin (Adriamycin) for their next treatment. The nurse should consider which of the following a priority assessment during the patient’s chemotherapy session?
A. Triglyceride levels
B. Accommodation of pupils
C. Albumin levels
D. IV site
D. IV site
Extreme vesicant/Extravasation
Your patient returned from the surgical unit after an arteriovenous fistula has been surgically created on their left arm. Your nursing student has no experience working with patients that have an arteriovenous fistula. What teaching will you provide to the student? Select all that apply
A. “Ensure the patient’s blood pressure is taken on their left arm”
B. “An Allen test can be conducted on the left arm”
C. “It is important that you monitor for any decreased pulse below the site of the fistula”
D. “When helping the patient to change, you must be very careful with the fistula”
E. “The fistula will be used as an access site for the patient’s hemodialysis”
B. “An Allen test can be conducted on the left arm”
C. “It is important that you monitor for any decreased pulse below the site of the fistula”
D. “When helping the patient to change, you must be very careful with the fistula”
E. “The fistula will be used as an access site for the patient’s hemodialysis”
You have just completed your patient education on a patient with ESKD about preventing renal osteodystrophy with diet therapy. Which of the following statements made by the patient indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?
A. “I’ll make sure to mix my yogurt with my oatmeal”
B. “I am so happy that I can continue to drink my ginger ale”
C. “I didn’t know that I needed to avoid apples”
D. “Looks like I need to go down to a 2% fat-free milk”
B. “I am so happy that I can continue to drink my ginger ale”
- Inverse relationship with ca and phosphorus
- Calcium low and high phosphorus
- Increased risk for fx as a result of hypocalcemia
- Avoid foods high in phosphorous
You are caring for a patient who has a surgically placed tenckhoff catheter at the mid-abdominal level. Prior to starting the patient on a new exchange cycle, you notice the patient’s effluent is cloudy and opaque. Which action should the nurse take as a priority?
A. Immediately clean the catheter site using a sterile alcohol swab
B. Contact the patient’s provider and inquire about antibiotics
C. Send a specimen of the effluent for culture and sensitivity
D. Increase the patient’s fluid intake to 2-3L per day
C. Send a specimen of the effluent for culture and sensitivity
After being on antitubercular drug treatment for over a month, a patient reports to the clinic to discuss his most recent acid-fast stain of his sputum culture. Results show a negative finding. What will you report to the provider?
A. “The patient’s antitubercular drugs may not be effective”
B. “The patient may need to either remove a drug or lower the current dosage of the drugs”
C. “The patient’s antitubercular drugs are effective”
D. “The results are normal. Do you want to discontinue the patient’s medications?”
C. “The patient’s antitubercular drugs are effective”
- Stopping the drug or lowering the dosage can create resistance
- tx can last as long as 6 months
What primary preventative measures can a patient who has recently been treated for UTI follow? Select all that apply
A. Cleaning the perineum from front to back
B. Using scented lubricants for intercourse
C. Wearing loose-fitting cotton underwear
D. Emptying bladder before and after sexual intercourse
E. Adding a carbonated beverage in the morning
A. Cleaning the perineum from front to back
C. Wearing loose-fitting cotton underwear
D. Emptying bladder before and after sexual intercourse
A nursing student informs their preceptor about being unfamiliar with the patient’s diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy. What information can the preceptor provide to her assigned nursing student? Select all that apply
A. “It is the most common type of cardiomyopathy”
B. “It is associated with a systolic dysfunction”
C. “The heart has rigid ventricular walls”
D. “It has a low ejection fraction”
E. “An abnormal S3 heart sound can be heard upon auscultation”
A. “It is the most common type of cardiomyopathy”
B. “It is associated with a systolic dysfunction”
D. “It has a low ejection fraction”
E. “An abnormal S3 heart sound can be heard upon auscultation”
- Cardiac muscles are thinned out
- Low CO and EF
- S3 = vent gallop
You are assisting a patient diagnosed with COPD on how to perform pursed lip breathing. Which of the following statements made by the patient indicates an understanding of this technique?
A. “I breathe in through my mouth and slowly out my nose”
B. “I’ll breathe out through my nose like I would normally do”
C. “I should spend lest time breathing out than breathing in”
D. “I breathe out slowly through my mouth without puffing my cheeks”
D. “I breathe out slowly through my mouth without puffing my cheeks”
A patient diagnosed with CAD will soon be discharged home with both his nitroglycerin tablets and patch. Which of the following statement made by the patient indicates an understanding on the correct use of the patch?
A. “I can place the patch on my shoulder”
B. “I will use it when I get chest pain”
C. “I can place it at 7AM and remove it at 2PM”
D. “Thank goodness I can safely take this with my Viagra”
A. “I can place the patch on my shoulder”
- Typically shoulder is where it is most free of hair and most exposed to muscle tissue
- Want to wear for about 10-12 hrs
- Patch will not be used when pt has active chest pain; use sublingual NTG tablets
The nurse is caring for a patient with a spinal cord injury. To prevent complications from this condition, what intervention can the nurse implement?
A. Reposition the patient ever 3 hours
B. Assist with active/passive range of motion on upper/lower extremities
C. Slide the patient up in bed rather than lift with the draw sheet
D. Administer morphine around the clock to alleviate pain
B. Assist with active/passive range of motion on upper/lower extremities
A nursing student observed the surgical nurse monitoring the operating room for traffic, providing the patient with comfort as needed, and ensuring the patient’s safety was being met throughout the surgical procedure. The nursing student is aware that the surgical nurse is functioning as which of the following position?
A. Holding area nurse
B. Scrub nurse
C. Surgical technologist
D. Circulating nurse
D. Circulating nurse
A student nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with PUD. The preceptor asks the student if she is aware of any testing procedures or treatments used for that disease. Which of the following statements made by the nursing student shows an accurate understanding? Select all that apply
A. “A patient may be prescribed bismuth subsalicylate”
B. “The bacteria’s antigen can be detected through a stool test”
C. “Typically, one antibiotic will be needed”
D. “A patient can be prescribed omeprazole”
E. “There is presence of CO2 in a urea breath test for H. pylori”
A. “A patient may be prescribed bismuth subsalicylate”
B. “The bacteria’s antigen can be detected through a stool test”
D. “A patient can be prescribed omeprazole”
E. “There is presence of CO2 in a urea breath test for H. pylori”
- Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol) used more for mucosal protectant especially in the site of ulcerations (duodenal = most common type)
- Stool antigen test – especially is cause is by H.Pylori
- Quadruple therapy (2 abx, 1 mucosal protectant, 1 PPI)
The student nurse auscultated a high-pitched, holosystolic murmur. The student nurse also noticed that the sound was able to radiate towards the axilla. The nursing instructor asks where the student identified the sound. The student points at the 5th intercostal space at the left midclavicular line. What valve disorder does this most likely represent?
A. Mitral stenosis
B. Aortic regurgitation
C. Mitral regurgitation
D. Aortic stenosis
C. Mitral regurgitation
- Systolic – mitral regurg (high-pitched holosystolic murmur L 5th ICS MCL) ///aortic stenosis (harsh cresc/descr murmur 2nd ICS RSB)
- Diastolic – mitral stenosis (L 5th ICS MCL, rumbling apical murmur)///aortic regurg (high pitched, blowing, decrescendo, 3 ICS LSB)
Which of the following nursing diagnosis would the nurse place much of his priority in focusing on for a patient diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
A. Impaired mobility related to muscle wasting, weakness, and spasticity
B. Ineffective breathing pattern related to muscles of respiration
C. Impaired communication related to impairment of the muscles of speech
D. Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirement related to continuous tube feeding with large volume complete formula
B. Ineffective breathing pattern related to muscles of respiration
- Lose innervation of diaphragm which prevent proper breathing
A patient is returning from surgery and is now back at the medical-surgical unit. The patient had a right knee arthroplasty procedure done. To initiate VTE prophylaxis, which of the following actions should the nurse implement first?
A. Strict bed rest to allow for healing
B. Use an incentive spirometer to assist the patient with breathing
C. Reposition the patient every 2 hours
D. Administer prescribed enoxaparin as ordered
D. Administer prescribed enoxaparin as ordered
A new nurse working at the clinic received a patient with a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. Which of the following statements made by the nurse shows a correct understanding of the condition? Select all that apply
A. “The patient typically snores loud at night”
B. “I think the provider may prescribe trazadone”
C. “A BMI of 21 is a risk factor for this condition”
D. “There are no other comorbid conditions present”
E. “The patient may be waking up really tired”
A. “The patient typically snores loud at night”
E. “The patient may be waking up really tired”
- OSA characterized by apneic episode for 10-20 sec >5x in one night
- prescribed Modafonil
The nursing student observes the following information on the nursing instructors’ slide: rare hereditary disease, autosomal-dominant trait, characterized by progressive dementia and choreiform movements, and the need for the patient’s children to test for the presence of the abnormal gene. The nursing student concludes that the slide is about which of the following conditions?
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. Huntington’s disease
D. Huntington’s disease
A nurse working at the clinic is seeing a patient whose chief complaint is regarding symptoms associated with seasonal allergies. The patient asks the nurse what type of medication he should expect the provider to prescribe him to alleviate his symptoms. The nurse makes which of the following correct remark?
A. “You should expect an Epi-pen to be prescribed”
B. “I need to look up the brand name, but you could get diphenhydramine”
C. “Prednisone should definitely help you breathe better”
D. “You may get some type of nasal washing treatment”
B. “I need to look up the brand name, but you could get diphenhydramine”
A nurse reviews the lab work of a patient with HIV. The nurse notes that the CD4+ T-cell is 196 cells/mm3, the viral load is 104 particles/mL, and the WBC is 2157 cells/mm3. Which of the following could the patient develop? Select all that apply
A. Candidiasis of the esophagus B. Pale oral mucosa C. Kaposi’s sarcoma D. A capillary refill greater than 4 seconds E. A positive PPD result
A. Candidiasis of the esophagus
C. Kaposi’s sarcoma
E. A positive PPD result
Normal CD4 800-1000
Viral load <20 - undetectable
WBC 5000-10000
A nurse is caring for a patient who has pernicious anemia. The patient has forgotten to come to the clinic this month for their monthly cyanocobalamin injection. What signs and symptoms of the patient’s condition will manifest as a result of his missed monthly dose? Select all that apply
A. A pink oral mucosa B. Glossitis C. Orthostatic hypotension D. A capillary refill less than 1 second E. An elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit level
B. Glossitis
C. Orthostatic hypotension
- pernicious anemia: stomach not producing intrinsic factor to absorb B12
You are providing patient education to a patient who is scheduled to have a left knee arthroplasty next week. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?
A. “Drinking a cup of water a half-hour prior to surgery will prevent respiratory complications”
B. “I will be assisting you to identify and mark the surgical site”
C. “Ensure you do not eat or drink anything the night before your surgery”
D. “I will be explaining to you the risks and benefits of the surgery and will obtain your signed consent when completed”
C. “Ensure you do not eat or drink anything the night before your surgery”
A patient reports to the clinic with a chief complaint of having difficulties with urinating. Further assessment identified the patient waking up multiple times during the night to urinate, leaking urine when he coughs, and feeling that his bladder is always full. The patient reports no pain, heart rate is 77, blood pressure is 121/72, and temperature is 98.2 degrees Fahrenheit. The nurse suspects the patient to be showing manifestations of which of the following conditions?
A. Urinary tract infection
B. Chronic kidney disease
C. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
D. Polycystic kidney disease
C. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
The nurse is caring for a patient with atherosclerosis who developed an ulcer on the right side of their heal. Upon assessment, the patient’s right foot has a pedal pulse of +1 and the extremity is cool to the touch. The patient indicated that when she elevated her legs last night, they turned white and at times, would also feel a numbing sensation. The patient’s clinical manifestations is representative of which of the following conditions?
A. Peripheral venous disease
B. Venous thromboembolism
C. Peripheral arterial disease
D. Intermittent claudication
C. Peripheral artery disease
