Exam 1 Medications (class, name, disease, action)

Question 1

PD - dopaminergic

Answer 1

levodopa/carbidopa

- levodopa converts to dopamine in the brain and carbidopa decreases breakdown of levodopa

Question 2

PD - dopaminergic - dopamine agonist (2)

side effects?

Answer 2

pramipexole & ropinirole

• activates release of dopamine
• SE: orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesia, drowsiness, hallucinations

Question 3

PD - anti-cholinergic (2)

Answer 3

benztropine & trihexyphenidyl

- treats tremors, rigidity, and reduce drooling by blocking acetylcholine

Question 4

PD - COMT inhibitor

side effects?

Answer 4

entacapone (taken with levodopa)

• decreases breakdown of levodopa
• SE: dark urine (normal)

Question 5

PD - COMT inhibitor - MAO-B inhibitor

Avoid which foods?

Answer 5

selegiline (taken with levodopa)
- increase dopamine levels; help with wearing off effect of levodopa

• avoid food high in tyramine (aged cheese, red wine, bananas)

Question 6

HD - Antichorea

Answer 6

tetrabenazine

- suppress involuntary chorea movement

Question 7

ALS

How long does it slow disease progression by?

Answer 7

riluzole

• decrease glutamate
• 2-3 months

Question 8

MG Cholinesterace (ChE) inhibitor
How long to wait before eating?

Answer 8

pyridostigmine

• improve muscle strength by preventing decrease in acetylecholine by ChE enzyme
• wait 45-60 mins after taking med to eat

Question 9

OSA CNS Stimulant

Answer 9

modafinil

• promote daytime wakefulness
• may help with narcolepsy

Question 10

Asthma/COPD/Allergies - bronchodilator - SABA (2)

Answer 10

albuterol & levalbuterol

- short- acting rescue drug during attack (bronchoconstriction)

Question 11

Asthma/COPD/Allergies - bronchodilator - LABA (2)

Answer 11

salmeterol & formoterol

- long-acting prevention of attack

Question 12

Asthma/COPD - cholinergic antagonist (2)

side effect?

Answer 12

tiotropium & ipratropium

• prevention and recuse drug
• SE: dry mouth (increase daily fluid intake)

Question 13

Asthma/COPD/Allergies - anti-inflammatories - corticosteroids (4)
side effects?

Answer 13

fluticasone & prednisone & beclomethasone & budesonide

• prevent asthma attack caused by inflammation or allergies
• SE: increased risk for infection (thrush) - rinse after use

Question 14

Asthma/Allergies - anti-inflammatory - leukotriene modifier

Answer 14

montelukast

- prevent exercise induced asthma/ blocks inflammatory process

Question 15

Asthma/COPD Methyxanthine (caffeine derivative)

Answer 15

throphylline

- treats asthma and bronchospasm

Question 16

Allergies - antihistamine

side effect?

Answer 16

diphenhydramine

• help with allergy symptoms
• SE: drowsiness (not appropriate for elderly; can cause confusion)

Question 17

COPD

Answer 17

mucolytic (nebulizer)

- thins mucus; allow for easier removal

Question 18

TB - isoniazid

action? nursing considerations?

Answer 18

kills growth outside the cell and stops growth within the cell
- take on empty stomach, no alcohol, take with vit B6 (prevent neurotoxicity)

Question 19

TB - rifampin

action? side effects?

Answer 19

kills the bacteria

- SE: red-orange secretions (urine) and reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptives

Question 20

TB - pyrazinamide

action? side effects?

Answer 20

kills the bacteria

- SE: exacerbation of gout from increase uric acid and photosensitivity

Question 21

TB - ethambutol

action? side effects?

Answer 21

suppress bacterial growth

- SE: optic neuritis

Question 22

PD - antiviral

Answer 22

amantadine

- stimulate release of dopamine and prevent reuptake