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Gen chem 1 > Final Exam Review (Chp 1-9) Part 2 > Flashcards

Final Exam Review (Chp 1-9) Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

specification of energy and probability density of an electron at any point in an atom or molecule

A

orbitals

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2
Q

state in which the energy of a physical system is well defines by quantum mechanics

A

energy-level

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3
Q

applies to any quantized property of a particle

A

ground state

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4
Q

process through which one substance permeates another

A

absorption

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5
Q

an atom, ion, or molecule with an electron in a higher than normal energy level than its ground state

A

excitation state

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6
Q

pattern of lines formed when light passes through a prism to separate it into the dfferent frequencies of light it contains

A

emission

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7
Q

when sufficiently energetic charged particles or radiant energy travel through gases, liquids, or solids

A

ionization (electron leaves atom)

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8
Q

size of atom determines by size of all the orbitals

A

atomic radius

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9
Q

measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

A

electronegativity

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10
Q

what does the law of conservation of mass help us do

A

write balanced equations

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11
Q

What does Hess’s law help us find?

A

standard enthalpy of reaction and standard enthalpy of formation

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12
Q

group of two or more atoms that form the smallest unit of a pure substance

A

molecule

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13
Q

compound formed by ions bonding together through electrostatic forces

A

ionic compound

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14
Q

pattern formed by the points and used to represent the positions of these repeating structural elements

A

crystal lattice

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15
Q

measure of strength of ionic bonds in ionic compound

A

lattice energy

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16
Q

compound in which the atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

A

covalent compound

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17
Q

bond that involves sharing of electron pairs between atoms

A

covalent bond

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18
Q

when electrons are equally shared

A

nonpolar covalent bond

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19
Q

what does the law of multiple proportions state

A

when two elements form more than one compound, the ratio of the different masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are a ratio of small whole numbers

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20
Q

one or more forms of a chemical element that occur in the same physical state

A

allotrope

21
Q

molecules that share a chemical formula but not the same structure or orientation in space

A

isomers

22
Q

way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by a single lewis formula

A

resonance structure

23
Q

ionic compounds are formed between

A

any combo of cation and anion

24
Q

CH4-

A

methane, natural gas

25
Q

H2O

A

hydrogen monoxide, water

26
Q

NH3

A

nitrogen trihydride, ammonia

27
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide, dry ice when solid

28
Q

NaHCO3

A

Sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate

29
Q

NaCl

A

sodium chloride, salt

30
Q

CaCO3

A

calcium carbonate, limestone/chalk/quartz

31
Q

C6H6

A

Benzene

32
Q

O3

A

ozone

33
Q

C6H12

A

cyclohexane

34
Q

C10H8

A

Naphthalene

35
Q

CH3CO2H

A

acetic acid

36
Q

Mg(OH)2

A

milk of magnesia

37
Q

MgSO4 x 7H2O

A

Epsom salt

38
Q

Fe2O3 x H20

A

Rust

39
Q

N2O

A

Laughing gas, dinitrogen monoxide

40
Q

C6H12O6

A

Glucose

41
Q

C12H22O11

A

Table sugar

42
Q

H2O2

A

Hydrogen peroxide

43
Q

CH2O

A

Formaldehyde

44
Q

reactant that is entirely used up in a reaction

A

limiting reagent

45
Q

substance that is not fully consumed or entirely reacted in a chemical reaction

A

excess reactant

46
Q

amount of product that is formed when the limiting reactant is fully consumed in a reaction

A

theoretical yield

47
Q

dividing actual yield by theoretical yield x 100%

A

percent yield

48
Q
A

Gen chem 1 (2 decks)

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