Final Exam Review Flashcards
bisacryl is a combination of ___ and ___
bis-GMA and acrylic
acrylics typically come in what form?
a powder/liquid form (the liquid is the monomer, the powder is the polymer)
should you leave a restoration with a cavosurface margin that has stained, sclerotic dentin?
no because it is questionable
___ stimulus can increase salivation
painful
what can you add to die stone to improve its hardness?
low viscosity cyanoacrylate
how many types of dental stone are there?
5
which type of dental stone is used for study models?
type 3
which type of dental stone is used for dies?
types 4 and 5
what is the difference between type 4 and type 5 dental stone?
- type 4 is hard, but has less expansion than type 5
- type 5 is the hardest stone, but expands the most
which type of dental stone is used as mounting stone?
type 2
which dental stone has the lowest expansion of all types?
1
color is defined by what 3 variables?
value, hue, and chroma
which color variable is the most important factor in the treatment room?
chroma
it is important for all aspects of the treatment room (chairs, counters/cabinets, patient bibs, doc/assistant clothing, etc.) be no more than ___ pastels
4
a desiccated tooth increases which color variable?
value
with respect to color variables, the cervical area of an unrestored canine has the highest ___ of the dominant ___
- chroma
- hue
with respect to color variables, when shade matching, ___ and ___ should be viewed directly, while ___ should be viewed peripherally
- hue and chroma
- value
___ is determined by the wavelength of the reflected and/or transmitted light observed
hue (it’s the actual color…red, blue, yellow, etc.)
___ is the intensity of the hue, while ___ is the lightness or darkness of the hue
- chroma
- value
which cement is fairly soluble and only lasts a long time if the margins are completely sealed?
zinc phosphate
which cement has the lowest solubility?
resin cement
which cement has the least potential for moisture damage?
resin cement
which cement’s solubility is inbetween zinc phosphate and resin cements?
glass ionomer
*it is more soluble if it is misused
what type of cement is relyx luting plus?
resin modified glass ionomer cement
what are two important things to remember when using relyx luting plus?
- you want to keep the saliva away from it for 5 minutes while the cement is setting up
- use enough so that there is a bead of cement that sets up around the margin
what are 3 things that excursive contacts on posterior teeth can cause?
- broken cusps
- issues with the TMJ
- increases the activity of the elevator muscles
what are some symptoms of a cusp fracture?
- symptoms occur with biting pressure - the pain is increased on release of the pressure
- cold sensitivity
- pain is sharp and short
- *sometimes symptoms are inconsistent
do cusp fractures always need to be fixed immediately?
- no, as long as the filling is still intact
- most patients just want the fractured cusp smoothed
can you use a self adhesive resin cement to bone a ceramic onlay?
- no because it is does not create a strong enough bond for an onlay
- however, it is a good luting agent
what kind of build up material do we use at the SOD?
dual cure resin restorative material
T or F:
self etch adhesives are compatible with build up materials
false
etch and rinse adhesives are safe to use
what is the criteria for full arch impressions?
- most posterior tooth (2nd molar)
- 3 or more units (fixed bridge)
- involving canine
what are the purposes of a stress breaker?
- no teeter-totter
- perio involved teeth
- peir to pier to pier bridges
- crossing the midline in the lower arch (due to symphysis)
when orthodontically uprighting a tipped lower 2nd molar, it will pivot at the ___ third of the root, and the tooth will become _taller/shorter_ when uprighted
- apical
- taller
orthodontically uprighted 2nd molars can frequently involve ___
endo
what is the most common pontic design?
modified ridge lap
T or F:
pontics should be convex in all directions
true
modified ridge lap pontics can be esthetic but the facial-gingival aspect shouldn’t be too ___
rounded
sanitary/hygienic pontic designs have ___mm of space between the pontic and the gingival tissues
2mm
what is the recommended location for sanitary/hygienic pontics?
posterior mandible
what are the advantages and disadvantages for sanitary/hygienic pontics?
- advantage - good access for oral hygiene
- disadvantage - poor esthetics
what are the indications and contraindications for sanitary/hygienic pontics?
- indications: nonesthetic zones, impaired oral hygiene
- contraindications: where esthetics is important, minimal vertical dimension
what materials can be used for sanitary/hygienic pontics?
all-metal
what is the recommended location for saddle-ridge lap pontics?
none - they are not recommended
what are the advantages and disadvantages of saddle-ridge lap pontics?
- advantages: esthetic
- disadvantages: not amenable to oral hygiene
what are the indications and contraindications for saddle-ridge lap pontics?
none - they are not recommended
what is the recommended location for a conical pontic?
molars without esthetic requirements
what are the advantages and disadvantages of conical pontic designs?
- advantages: good access for oral hygiene
- disadvantages: poor esthetics
what are the indications and contraindications of the conical pontic design?
- indications: posterior areas where esthetics is of minimal concerns
- contraindications: poor oral hygiene
what materials can be used with conical pontic designs?
all-metal, metal-ceramic, and all-resin
what are the recommended locations for modified ridge lap pontic designs?
high esthetic requirement (anterior teeth and premolars, some maxillary molars)
what are the advantages and disadvantages of modified ridge lap pontic designs?
- advantages: good esthetics
- disadvantages: moderately easy to clean
what are the indications and contraindications of the modified ridge lap pontic design?
- indications: most areas with esthetic concern
- contraindications: where minimal esthetic concern exists
what materials can be used for modified ridge lap pontics?
metal-ceramic, all-resin, and all-ceramic
what are the recommended locations for ovate pontic designs?
- very high esthetic requirement
- maxillary incisors, canines, and premolars
what are the advantages and disadvantages of the ovate pontic design?
- advantages: superior esthetics, negligible food entrapment, ease of cleaning
- disadvantages: requires surgical preparation, not for residual ridge defects
what are the indications and contraindications of ovate pontics?
- indications: desire for optimal esthetics, high smile line
- contraindications: unwillingness for surgery, residual ridge defects
what materials can be used with the ovate pontic design?
metal-ceramic, all-resin, all-ceramic
which tooth has the highest root surface area in the mouth?
maxillary first molar
which tooth has the greatest percent root surface in per quadrant?
mandibular first molar
what are the major points about cast post and core?
- strongest technique
- if it fails, it is catastrophic
- ideal minimum ferrule is 2mm
___ refers to tipping, ___ refers to along the axis, and ___ refers to the corrugated effect of the occlusal design
- resistance
- retention
- anti-deformation
what are the goals of complete occlusal adjustments?
- CR=CO, seated condyles
- bilateral, simultaneous, stable
- anterior guidance or group function to transfer load of lateral excursions as far anterior as possible
what is the benefit of two-plane facial reduction?
improved resistance and retention form
what is probanthene?
anti-sialogogue
T or F:
salivators tend to be gaggers
true
what are the contraindications for using probanthene?
patients with glaucoma (especially in the elderly population)
if the ___ is too high when using an electrosurge, you will see sparking
current
what should you avoid when using an electrosurge?
metallic surfaces
what can be used to determine reduction?
section a putty matrix and use it as a reduction guide
___ refers to the amount of space needed for materials (this is critical), while ___ refers to maintaining the morphology of the tooth
- clearance
- reduction
what is the clear hemostatic agent? what are the benefits?
- aluminum chloride
- doesn’t stain and is easy to clean up
what is the amber colored hemostatic agent? what are the advantages and disadvantages?
- ferric sulfate
- advantages: most effective hemostatic agent
- disadvantages: don’t use in the anterior region because it can affect bonding and stain the gingival tissues
contact angle refers to ___
wettability
a higher contact angle refers to ___ surfaces, and includes all of the ___ impression materials
- hydrophobic
- elastomeric
a lower contact angle refers to ___ surfaces, are _more/less_ wettable, and are _more/less_ likely to fall off your preparation
- hydrophilic
- more
- less
what is the purpose of a post?
it retains the build up
T or F:
a post strengthens the tooth
false
what are the important points of a shortened dental arch as a definitive treatment approach?
- older than 40 years old
- hygiene needs to be ideal to apply this approach
what are 3 reasons for subgingival margin placement?
- esthetics
- following damage
- increased retention
what is an example of a poly carboxylate cement?
tilok plus
are polycarboxylate cements soluble?
yes, very
what are polycarboxylate cements useful for?
non-retentive temporaries (such as the cast post and core, but DO NOT place it on the post of the temporary, just the margin, and it will bond to tooth structure)
what is the order that you should check the fit of an indirect restoration?
CIMEO
- contacts (proximal)
- intaglio surface
- margins
- esthetics
- occlusion
what are the advantages of mechanically/vacuum mixing dental stone?
it produces a more dense, more bubble-free mixture
what are two reasons you set a timer for impressions and cements?
- accuracy
- avoid distortion
what are the two most important qualities of cements?
- compressive strength
- modulus of elasticity (stiffness)
what is the ideal taper?
6-10 degrees, up to 22 degrees total
what is the hardest color variable to match?
value
is it easier to correct a value that is too high or too low?
too high, so you want to err on the side of a higher value
why should you avoid using relyx luting plus to secure a post?
because it is a resin modified glass ionomer cement, and the GI expands when it sets
when mounting models, should you use CR or CO for more complicated cases?
CR because it is more repeatable
when mounting models for diagnostic wax ups, should it be done in CR or CO?
CR
what are two ways to combat MMP action?
consepsis and benzalkonium chloride
what is metamerism?
things look different in different lighting backgrounds
what are the reduction measurements for a full zirconia crown, including margin type and non-functional cusp bevel width?
- occlusal clearance: 1.5-2.0mm
- axial reduction: 0.5-1.0mm at the margin
- margin type: rounded shoulder or chamfer
- nonfunctional cusp bevel width: 1.0mm
- rounded point/line angles
what are the reduction measurements for an anterior all-ceramic (lithium disilicate) crown?
- incisal reduction: 2.0-3.0mm
- facial depth at margin: 1.0-1.5mm
- lingual depth at margin: 1.0-1.5mm
- lingual concavity: 1.5-2.0mm
- 2-plane facial reduction: 1.0-1.5mm
- incisal 2/3, gingival 1/3
what are the reduction measurements for a PFM crown, including margin type and non-functional cusp bevel width?
- occlusal/incisal clearance: 2.0-2.5mm
- axial reduction: 1.2-1.7 (heavier on buccal)
- for anterior, lingual should be 0.5-1.0
- anterior lingual concavity:
- metal: 1.0mm
- porcelain: 1.5mm
- two plane facial reduction (gingival 1/3, incisal 2/3)
- margin type: chamfer
- nonfunctional cusp bevel width: 0.3-0.7mm
what are the reduction measurements for a posterior full gold crown, including margin type and non-functional cusp bevel width?
- occlusal clearance:
- functional cusp: 1.5-2.0mm
- nonfunctional cusp: 1.0-1.5mm
- functional cusp bevel: 1.5-2.0mm
- axial reduction: 0.5-1.0mm at margin
- margin type: chamfer
- nonfunctional cusp bevel width: 0.3-0.7mm
- softened acute line/point angles
what should the facial reduction be for porcelain veneers? what about incisal reduction (anteriors)?
- 0.5-0.7mm uniform reduction, following the contours of the buccal/facial surface
- 2mm incisal reduction
