Final Exam Review Flashcards
Speciest
one who discriminates against another’s rights by virtue of their belonging to another non-human species
Singer’s criteria for personhood
Anyone who:
- can feel pain
- make their own decisions
- foresee a future
- able to communicate
- ability to reason
- self-aware
- autonomous
Distributive Justice
says scarcity is a reality adn whatever you have, there will always be a need for more
Criminal Justice
punish and isolate the offender and try to rehabilitate them
2 main elements of justice
1) does a decision negatively affect some more than others?
2) are the risks taken mostly by one group and the benefits enjoyed by another?
Substantive or Material Question of Justice
- answers question: who should recieve care first
- states what we value and why we choose one over the other
Procedural or Process Question of Justice
- answers question: how we apply the answer to “who goes first’
- it is the application in real life of our beliefs that answer substantive questions of justice
5 substantive questions of justice
- need
- equality
- utility
- liberty
- restitution
Main focus of “need”
measures of a societies justice is how well it looks after the needs of basic or essential health of its whole population
Main focus of “Equality”
equal resources for equal needs
Main focus of “Utility”
greatest good for the greatest number of people
Main focus of “liberty”
bases allocation on deserving it, you deserve health and should act in a way that maximizes health
Main focus of “Restitution”
access and share should reflect past wrong-doings deprieved them of the same thing
4 elements of cheating
- the rule must be fair and fairly enforced
- rule-breaking must take place in a cooperative rule-governed activity
- the rule-breaker must intend to break rules
- the rule-breaker must intend to gain an advantage
Cheating
trying to intentionally gain an advantage when the rules say otherwise
Intrinsic Goods
benefits you gain from doing the activity that have value only to you, regardless of whether you win or lose
Extrinsic Goods
the things of commercial value that we gain from high performance
Zero Sum
one will win, the other will lose and I will win and get what I want because I took drugs
Non-Zero Sum
want to benefit yourself rather than beating someone else, focus is on self-improvement
Section 14 in Criminal Code
you cannot ask someone to help kill you
Section 241 in Criminal Code
suicide is not illegal, but you cannot counsel people on how to do it
Active Euthanasia
killing a patient, your actions were the actions that caused death
Passive Euthanasia
letting a patient die, not interfering with life-saving measures
Withholding Treatment
not performing a needed surgery or procedure where not doing it means they will not survive
Cessation of Treatment
ending life-sustaining treatments, turning off a respirator
Voluntary Euthanasia
killing or letting die a competent person who has expressed a desire for this (usually over a sustained period of time)
Non-Voluntary Euthanasia
killing or letting die when the patient is unable to express such a desire
Involuntary
killing a person against their wishes to stay alive, rarely happens because it is extremely unethical
Assisted Suicide
someone will help you with everything that will help you end your life, but you will be the one who flips the switch
What are the 5 things the law in Canada says about etuhanasia?
- voluntary passive euthanasia = legal
- voluntary active euthanasia = legel before 2015
- non-voluntary passive euthanasia = legal
- non-voluntary active euthanasia = illegal
- assisted suicide = legal as of 2015
Coma
brain activity but no consciousness or wakefulness
Persistent Vegetative State (PVS)
wakefulness but no awareness
Minimally Conscious State (MCS)
wakefulness and minimal awareness
Locked In Syndrome
full consciousness but extreme paralysis
What is the procedure to receive MAID in Canada?
- have to fill out written request with 2 independent assessments
- 10 day waiting period and must be elgible for publically funded health care
- your natural death has to be reasonably foreseeable
