Final Exam Review Flashcards
Irregularly irregular heart rhythm indicates:
atrial fibrillation
Ordinarily, the leg pulse should be as strong as the arm. If this is reversed or if the femoral pulsation is absent, what is suspected?
Coarctation of the aorta
When auscultated the arteries, sounds should be low-pitched and heart with what part of the stethoscope?
the bell
The primary cause of pulsus alternans is:
heart failure
Two causes of pulsus bisferiens are:
- leaking aortic valve 2. hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
An unrecognized auscultatory gap may lead to:
serious underestimation of the systolic pressure
What are two causes of pulsus paradoxus?
- pericardial effusion 2. severe asthma
Deep breathing due to metabolic acidosis is:
Kussmaul breathing
Normal breathing rate is:
14-20 respirations per minute
Tachypnea is defined as:
rapid, shallow breathing
Hyperventilation, accompanied by rapid, deep breathing, is called what?
Hyperpnea
Periods of deep breathing alternating with periods of no breathing is called:
Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
The iris should be examined for color and what other aspect?
Presence of arcus senilus
Pupillary inequality of
anisocoria
Pupillary constriction in the opposite eye is termed a _____ reaction.
consensual
Fine, rhythmic oscillation of the eyes is called:
nystagmus
White surrounding the iris as the eyes look down is called:
lidlag
Absence of a red reflex suggests opacity of the lens, also called what?
A catarract
Absence of a red reflex can suggest vitreous, also called what?
blood
Blurring of the disc outline suggests:
increased pressure on the brain
What are two pieces of evidence for macular degeneration?
- Increased pigment 2. Increased yellow deposits
The _______ is viewed by askng the patient to look directly at the light.
macula
What is the center of the macula?
fovea
Which type of ear infection will not have pain when the auricle is tugged on?
Middle ear infection
In what type of hearing loss is the sound of the tuning fork heard in the impaired ear during the weber test?
Conductive loss
In what type of hearing loss is the sound of the tuning fork heard in the good ear during the weber test?
Sensorineural
During the Rinne test, what indicates conductive loss?
Sound is heard longer through bone
During the Rinne test, what indicates sensorineural loss?
Air sound is heard longer than through bone
A bulging, red eardrum indicates:
middle ear infection
An amber eardrum indicates:
fluid/alleriges
Which lymph nodes are found at the angle of the mandible?
Tonsillar nodes
Rubbery lymph nodes suggest:
lymphoma
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the eye closing?
Facial (VII)
Which cranial nerve is responsible for lateral deviation of the eye?
Abducens (VI)
Which cranial nerve is responsible for downward and inward eye movement?
Trochlear (IV)
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the eye opening?
Occulomotor (III)
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the visual acuity?
Optic (II)
Increased resistance (spasticity) during the motor exam suggests what?
upper motor neuron disease
In the Romberg test, what suggests cerebellar disease?
Patient sways when eyes are open and closed
Pain and temperature are conveyed by the _____ (pathway).
spinothalamic tract
Position and vibration are conveyed by the _____ (pathway).
posterior columns
The plantar reflex is also known as the _____.
Babinski reflex
A positive Babinski response indicates an:
upper motor neuron lesion
What is shown here?
Lateral rectus palsy - right 6th cranial nerve
What direction of eye movement does CN 4 control?
Inward and downward (superior oblique muscle)
What is the difference between a peripheral and central 7th nerve palsy?
Peripheral 7th nerve palsy: forehead doesn’t work
Central 7th nerve plasy: forehead wrinkles
Which of the following is a true statement about an upper motor neuron lesion?
A. Reflexes are increased
B. Muscles are floppy
C. Babinski is normal
D. There is never any sensory component
A - spasticity, increased muscle tone, upgoing Babinski. Lesion is in brain and spinal cord.
Which is true regarding the jugular venous pulsation?
A. It is not palpable
B. A vigorous thrust w/single outward component
C. Pulsations are not eliminated by pressure
D. Level of pulsations does not change with position or respiration
A. All others are associated with arteries.
Which cranial nerve(s) need to be intact to constrict the pupil?
Optic (2) - sense light
Occulomotor (3) - contriction
Where would you be most likely to hear abnormal sounds if the patient had a RML pneumonia?
Under the axilla
Which of the following is associated with increased fremitus?
A. Heart Failure
B. Fluid in pleural space
C. Asthma
D. Pneumonia
D
How are “rails” characterized (during breathing)?
Discontinuous sounds, intermittent and brief; ONLY heard during inspiration
What are RHONCHI?
low pitched continuous sounds; musical quality; snoring; seen in inspiration
In a patient with a normal rate and rhythm - when listening to the heart - which of the following is true?
A. The interval between S1 and S2 is LONGER than the interval between S2 and S1
B. The interval between S1 and S2 is SHORTER than the interval between S2 and S1
C. The interval between S1 and S2 is the same as than the interval between S2 and S1
D. The interval does not change with position
B. Lub-dub…..lub dub….
Which of the following is represented by jugular venous pressure?
A. Pressure in RA
B. Pressure in RV
C. Pressure in pulmonary artery
D. Pressure in pulmonary veins
A
