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Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Homestead Act

A

law giving 160 acres and a title after 5 years of ownership and cultivation of land

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2
Q

Morrill Act

A

gives federal land to the states allowing for agricultural state universities to be established

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3
Q

Capitalism

A

an economic system in which private business runs most industries and competition thus determining how much goods cost and workers get paid

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4
Q

Monopoly

A

complete control over a business or industry

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5
Q

Trusts

A

partnerships of business owners who control businesses together

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6
Q

Black gold

A

nickname for oil; becomes more valuable than actual gold

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7
Q

Natvisits

A

favored native born Americans over immigrants; were anti-immigrants

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8
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

stories often published in newspapers that exaggerate the truth, but are meant to expose the problems in society

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9
Q

Political machines

A

similar to gangs run by politicians; political parties take control of city offices and control the entire city

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10
Q

Political bosses

A

people that ran cities often through use of fraud and intimidation

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11
Q

Muckrakers

A

investigative journalists that “raked up” and exposed the muck or filth of society

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12
Q

Americanization

A

the process of preparing foreign born citizens for US citizenship; also a process done to Natives to force them to adapt to American culture

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13
Q

Robber Baron

A

nickname given to the men who ran monopolies as a criticism of their wealth and power

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14
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

“Teddy”; Vice President who becomes the 26th President; Progressive leader who worked for reform; leader in the conservation movement

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15
Q

Gilded Age

A

era in American history where problems were glossed over; from the outside America seemed fine, but in reality it had many problems

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16
Q

Spanish-American War 1898

A

American intervention of Cuban independence from Spain because Spanish misrule in Cuba

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17
Q

“Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain”

A

mysterious sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Bay; Teddy Roosevelt angered; yellow journalism coined the phrase

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18
Q

Queen Liliuokalani

A

Queen of Hawaii before it was taken over by U.S. sugar planters; taken down; resisted U.S. forces

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19
Q

Platt Amendment 1903

A

U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient independent government

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20
Q

Open Door Policy

A

give all nations equal access to trade in China; guaranteed that China would not be taken over by any one foreign power

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21
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

1900; Peaceful Harmonious Fists; “55 Days at Peking”; pro-nationalist movement in response to the spheres of influence in China; foreign powers put down the rebellion

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22
Q

Panama Canal

A

Panama was part of Colombia; Panamanian nationalists with U.S. backing take over Panama in “bloodless revolution”; U.S. treaty establishes right to build canal and have power over canal zone

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23
Q

U.S.S. Maine

A

Ship that exploded off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helped contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War

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24
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

American naval base in Hawaii used as a refueling station for American ships

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25
Nationalism
pride in one own's country
26
Militarism
glorification of a nation’s military strength
27
Trench Warfare
WWI military strategy that relied on fighting from ditches
28
Zimmerman Telegram
transmission sent from Germany to Mexico, proposing an alliance that would help Mexico regain territories lost to America
29
Selective Service Act
required men between the ages 21-30 to register for the draft (eventually lowered to 18)
30
Great Migration
movement of African Americans in the south to northern cities between 1915 and 1930
31
Sedition Act
made it illegal to speak or print anything criticizing the government during a time of war
32
Wilson's Fourteen Points
Wilson’s program for world peace; gets rejected by European powers
33
League of Nations
international body designed to prevent future wars; US does not join; it fails
34
Franz Ferdinand
heir to Austro-Hungarian throne, assassinated while visiting Sarajevo
35
Lusitania
British cruise liner carrying 128 American passengers that was attacked by German U-boats in 1915
36
18th Amendment
the banning of all manufacturing, buying or selling alcohol
37
19th Amendment
gives American women the right to vote
38
Red Scare
time of American hysteria and panic over the fear of communism spreading into America due to the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution
39
Sacco & Vanzetti
two Italian anarchist immigrants who were executed for a crime in which there was no direct evidence based on the fears of the Red Scare
40
Scopes Trial
known as the "monkey trial"; criminal trial of John Scopes, biology teacher from Tennessee who violated a state order by teaching evolution. Scopes was found guilty and had to pay a fine of $100
41
Jazz Age
era of the 1920's were jazz music dominated society; originated in New Orleans, Louisiana.
42
Roaring Twenties
era of the 1920's where a loud, fast paced society took over most of America
43
Bootlegging
obtaining or making your own alcohol illegally
44
flappers
new shocking identity for women who challenged traditional views of women; often wore short hair, loose clothing, and had an independent spirit
45
Henry Ford
automobile manufacturer who used an assembly line to produce cars at a high rate; paid his workers $5 a day
46
A. Mitchell Palmer
Attorney General of the U.S. whose house was bombed; suspected communists were blamed for the bombing; he starts a "red hunting" to eliminate communists from the US
47
rugged individualism
the idea that one can help themselves out of their own troubles; philosophy used by President Hoover putting the ownership of getting out of the depression on oneself and not expecting the government to help out
48
Buying on Margin
the purchasing stock with a little money down with the promise of paying the balance at sometime in the future; borrowing money to buy stocks.
49
Hoovervilles
shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the depression; the name given to them shows that the people blamed Hoover directly for the depression
50
Fireside Chat
the informal radio conversations Roosevelt had with the people to keep spirits up. it was a means of communicating with the people on how he would take on the depression
51
Franklin Roosevelt - FDR
A Democrat who became the United States president in 1933; his program to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression became known as the "New Deal" and he remained president through WWII
52
Herbert Hoover
was the president of the U.S from 1923-1933 leader of the U.S in the beginning of the Great Depression. He didn't want the gov involved in the peoples lives; becomes the "Most hated man in America by 1932": loses the Election of 1932 by a landslide
53
bank holiday
President Roosevelt's plan to restore the American faith in banks: closed the banks for four days for money to be printed and put back into the banking system
54
isolationism:
policy of staying out of world affairs
55
Invasion of Pearl Harbor
surprise attack by the Japanese on December 7, 1941 in Hawaii, “the day that will live in infamy”
56
Harry Truman
33rd US President, FDR’s Vice President becomes president when FDR dies, forced to decide to use nuclear warfare
57
Rosie the Riveter
cartoon symbol of American working woman used to encourage women working during WWII
58
Japanese Internment Camps:
labor and housing camps in CO, WY and AZ were Americans of Japanese descent were forced to live after the bombing of Pearl Harbor
59
Selective Training and Service Act, 1941
first time peacetime draft, required all men from ages of 21-35 (later 18-45) to register to be soldiers
60
Zoot-Suit Riots
racist attacks on Mexican Americans throughout California by members of the US Navy
61
island-hopping
an Allied tactic where only certain islands were targeted for attack in the Pacific - these islands had strategic significance
62
Cold War
long power struggle between the US and USSR from 1945-1991 waged mostly on political and economic issues
63
Korean War (Conflict)
Known as the "Forgotten War"; civil war between North (communist) and South (democratic) Korea 1950-1953; US supported South Korea to stop the spread of communism
64
Policy of containment
US policies to use several different methods to stop the spread of communism
65
domino theory
fear that if one country falls to communism the neighboring countries will as well
66
Nikita Khruschev
leader of the USSR; allies himself with Castro; puts missiles in Cuba aiming at the US
67
Bay of Pigs
failed US mission planned by Eisenhower's administration but carried out by Kennedy's administration; attempt to overthrow Castro led by CIA trained 1,400 Cuban refugees; refugees get captured and held hostage for $53 million dollars; huge embarrassment for Kennedy
68
Cuban Missile Crisis
October 1962 nuclear missiles spotted in Cuba by US U-S spy planes; for 13 days the US and USSR were on the brink of nuclear war
69
Sputnik
the world's first satellite to visit space; launched by the USSR in 1957
70
Vietnam
conflict in this South East Asian country that spanned 5 US Presidents, conflict between North Vietnam (Communist) and South Vietnam (Democratic); eventually the US and United Nation forces get defeated and Vietnam becomes all one communist country
71
Iron Curtain
A term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the Soviet Union's policy of isolation during the Cold War. The barrier isolated Eastern Europe from the rest of the world
72
Civil Rights Movement
organized movement from 1955-1968; political movement for equality within the law consisting of both non-violent and armed resistance rebellions
73
Brown vs. Board of Ed Topeka, KS:
Supreme Court case brought forth on behalf of Linda Brown which ruled "separate is not equal", thus overturning Plessy vs. Ferguson
74
Montgomery Bus Boycott
political and social protest against racial discrimination on the Montgomery, Alabama public buses which lasted from 1955 to 1956
75
Freedom rides
orchestrated by civil right activists known as the freedom riders; interstate bus rides during the summers of 1961 and 1962 in which activists traveled from the North to the South in an effort to enforce the integration of national busing and bus terminals
76
Little Rock Nine
Nine African American high school students who attended Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas in a brave attempt to desegregate the school in 1957 as a result of the Supreme Court ruling Brown vs. Board of Ed; the students were barred by the Governor of Arkansas and were escorted by the National Guard
77
sit-ins
method of civil disobedience protest made famous in 1960 by college students in Greensboro, North Carolina at a lunch counter at a department store named Woolworth's who would not serve African Americans at their counter
78
Reconstruction
plan based on rebuilding the South and reuniting the North and South following the Civil War
79
Sharecropping
a farming system that kept many southern farmers in debt since it paid for use of land with crops; made it nearly impossible for farmers to get out of poverty
80
Jim Crow laws
Laws passed in the South to enforce segregation; laws required segregated public transportation, schools, cemeteries, parks and other public places
81
Plessey v. Ferguson
Supreme Court Case of 1896 in which Supreme Court ruled separate but equal was constitutional

US History (16 decks)

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