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US History > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Homestead Act

A

law giving 160 acres and a title after 5 years of ownership and cultivation of land

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2
Q

Morrill Act

A

gives federal land to the states allowing for agricultural state universities to be established

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3
Q

Capitalism

A

an economic system in which private business runs most industries and competition thus determining how much goods cost and workers get paid

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4
Q

Monopoly

A

complete control over a business or industry

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5
Q

Trusts

A

partnerships of business owners who control businesses together

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6
Q

Black gold

A

nickname for oil; becomes more valuable than actual gold

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7
Q

Natvisits

A

favored native born Americans over immigrants; were anti-immigrants

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8
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

stories often published in newspapers that exaggerate the truth, but are meant to expose the problems in society

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9
Q

Political machines

A

similar to gangs run by politicians; political parties take control of city offices and control the entire city

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10
Q

Political bosses

A

people that ran cities often through use of fraud and intimidation

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11
Q

Muckrakers

A

investigative journalists that “raked up” and exposed the muck or filth of society

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12
Q

Americanization

A

the process of preparing foreign born citizens for US citizenship; also a process done to Natives to force them to adapt to American culture

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13
Q

Robber Baron

A

nickname given to the men who ran monopolies as a criticism of their wealth and power

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14
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

“Teddy”; Vice President who becomes the 26th President; Progressive leader who worked for reform; leader in the conservation movement

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15
Q

Gilded Age

A

era in American history where problems were glossed over; from the outside America seemed fine, but in reality it had many problems

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16
Q

Spanish-American War 1898

A

American intervention of Cuban independence from Spain because Spanish misrule in Cuba

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17
Q

“Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain”

A

mysterious sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Bay; Teddy Roosevelt angered; yellow journalism coined the phrase

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18
Q

Queen Liliuokalani

A

Queen of Hawaii before it was taken over by U.S. sugar planters; taken down; resisted U.S. forces

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19
Q

Platt Amendment 1903

A

U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient independent government

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20
Q

Open Door Policy

A

give all nations equal access to trade in China; guaranteed that China would not be taken over by any one foreign power

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21
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

1900; Peaceful Harmonious Fists; “55 Days at Peking”; pro-nationalist movement in response to the spheres of influence in China; foreign powers put down the rebellion

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22
Q

Panama Canal

A

Panama was part of Colombia; Panamanian nationalists with U.S. backing take over Panama in “bloodless revolution”; U.S. treaty establishes right to build canal and have power over canal zone

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23
Q

U.S.S. Maine

A

Ship that exploded off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helped contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War

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24
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

American naval base in Hawaii used as a refueling station for American ships

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25
Q

Nationalism

A

pride in one own’s country

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26
Q

Militarism

A

glorification of a nation’s military strength

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27
Q

Trench Warfare

A

WWI military strategy that relied on fighting from ditches

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28
Q

Zimmerman Telegram

A

transmission sent from Germany to Mexico, proposing an alliance that would help Mexico regain territories lost to America

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29
Q

Selective Service Act

A

required men between the ages 21-30 to register for the draft (eventually lowered to 18)

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30
Q

Great Migration

A

movement of African Americans in the south to northern cities between 1915 and 1930

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31
Q

Sedition Act

A

made it illegal to speak or print anything criticizing the government during a time of war

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32
Q

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

A

Wilson’s program for world peace; gets rejected by European powers

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33
Q

League of Nations

A

international body designed to prevent future wars; US does not join; it fails

34
Q

Franz Ferdinand

A

heir to Austro-Hungarian throne, assassinated while visiting Sarajevo

35
Q

Lusitania

A

British cruise liner carrying 128 American passengers that was attacked by German U-boats in 1915

36
Q

18th Amendment

A

the banning of all manufacturing, buying or selling alcohol

37
Q

19th Amendment

A

gives American women the right to vote

38
Q

Red Scare

A

time of American hysteria and panic over the fear of communism spreading into America due to the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution

39
Q

Sacco & Vanzetti

A

two Italian anarchist immigrants who were executed for a crime in which there was no direct evidence based on the fears of the Red Scare

40
Q

Scopes Trial

A

known as the “monkey trial”; criminal trial of John Scopes, biology teacher from Tennessee who violated a state order by teaching evolution. Scopes was found guilty and had to pay a fine of $100

41
Q

Jazz Age

A

era of the 1920’s were jazz music dominated society; originated in New Orleans, Louisiana.

42
Q

Roaring Twenties

A

era of the 1920’s where a loud, fast paced society took over most of America

43
Q

Bootlegging

A

obtaining or making your own alcohol illegally

44
Q

flappers

A

new shocking identity for women who challenged traditional views of women; often wore short hair, loose clothing, and had an independent spirit

45
Q

Henry Ford

A

automobile manufacturer who used an assembly line to produce cars at a high rate; paid his workers $5 a day

46
Q

A. Mitchell Palmer

A

Attorney General of the U.S. whose house was bombed; suspected communists were blamed for the bombing; he starts a “red hunting” to eliminate communists from the US

47
Q

rugged individualism

A

the idea that one can help themselves out of their own troubles; philosophy used by President Hoover putting the ownership of getting out of the depression on oneself and not expecting the government to help out

48
Q

Buying on Margin

A

the purchasing stock with a little money down with the promise of paying the balance at sometime in the future; borrowing money to buy stocks.

49
Q

Hoovervilles

A

shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the depression; the name given to them shows that the people blamed Hoover directly for the depression

50
Q

Fireside Chat

A

the informal radio conversations Roosevelt had with the people to keep spirits up. it was a means of communicating with the people on how he would take on the depression

51
Q

Franklin Roosevelt - FDR

A

A Democrat who became the United States president in 1933; his program to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression became known as the “New Deal” and he remained president through WWII

52
Q

Herbert Hoover

A

was the president of the U.S from 1923-1933 leader of the U.S in the beginning of the Great Depression. He didn’t want the gov involved in the peoples lives; becomes the “Most hated man in America by 1932”: loses the Election of 1932 by a landslide

53
Q

bank holiday

A

President Roosevelt’s plan to restore the American faith in banks: closed the banks for four days for money to be printed and put back into the banking system

54
Q

isolationism:

A

policy of staying out of world affairs

55
Q

Invasion of Pearl Harbor

A

surprise attack by the Japanese on December 7, 1941 in Hawaii, “the day that will live in infamy”

56
Q

Harry Truman

A

33rd US President, FDR’s Vice President becomes president when FDR dies, forced to decide to use nuclear warfare

57
Q

Rosie the Riveter

A

cartoon symbol of American working woman used to encourage women working during WWII

58
Q

Japanese Internment Camps:

A

labor and housing camps in CO, WY and AZ were Americans of Japanese descent were forced to live after the bombing of Pearl Harbor

59
Q

Selective Training and Service Act, 1941

A

first time peacetime draft, required all men from ages of 21-35 (later 18-45) to register to be soldiers

60
Q

Zoot-Suit Riots

A

racist attacks on Mexican Americans throughout California by members of the US Navy

61
Q

island-hopping

A

an Allied tactic where only certain islands were targeted for attack in the Pacific - these islands had strategic significance

62
Q

Cold War

A

long power struggle between the US and USSR from 1945-1991 waged mostly on political and economic issues

63
Q

Korean War (Conflict)

A

Known as the “Forgotten War”; civil war between North (communist) and South (democratic) Korea 1950-1953; US supported South Korea to stop the spread of communism

64
Q

Policy of containment

A

US policies to use several different methods to stop the spread of communism

65
Q

domino theory

A

fear that if one country falls to communism the neighboring countries will as well

66
Q

Nikita Khruschev

A

leader of the USSR; allies himself with Castro; puts missiles in Cuba aiming at the US

67
Q

Bay of Pigs

A

failed US mission planned by Eisenhower’s administration but carried out by Kennedy’s administration; attempt to overthrow Castro led by CIA trained 1,400 Cuban refugees; refugees get captured and held hostage for $53 million dollars; huge embarrassment for Kennedy

68
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

October 1962 nuclear missiles spotted in Cuba by US U-S spy planes; for 13 days the US and USSR were on the brink of nuclear war

69
Q

Sputnik

A

the world’s first satellite to visit space; launched by the USSR in 1957

70
Q

Vietnam

A

conflict in this South East Asian country that spanned 5 US Presidents, conflict between North Vietnam (Communist) and South Vietnam (Democratic); eventually the US and United Nation forces get defeated and Vietnam becomes all one communist country

71
Q

Iron Curtain

A

A term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the Soviet Union’s policy of isolation during the Cold War. The barrier isolated Eastern Europe from the rest of the world

72
Q

Civil Rights Movement

A

organized movement from 1955-1968; political movement for equality within the law consisting of both non-violent and armed resistance rebellions

73
Q

Brown vs. Board of Ed Topeka, KS:

A

Supreme Court case brought forth on behalf of Linda Brown which ruled “separate is not equal”, thus overturning Plessy vs. Ferguson

74
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

political and social protest against racial discrimination on the Montgomery, Alabama public buses which lasted from 1955 to 1956

75
Q

Freedom rides

A

orchestrated by civil right activists known as the freedom riders; interstate bus rides during the summers of 1961 and 1962 in which activists traveled from the North to the South in an effort to enforce the integration of national busing and bus terminals

76
Q

Little Rock Nine

A

Nine African American high school students who attended Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas in a brave attempt to desegregate the school in 1957 as a result of the Supreme Court ruling Brown vs. Board of Ed; the students were barred by the Governor of Arkansas and were escorted by the National Guard

77
Q

sit-ins

A

method of civil disobedience protest made famous in 1960 by college students in Greensboro, North Carolina at a lunch counter at a department store named Woolworth’s who would not serve African Americans at their counter

78
Q

Reconstruction

A

plan based on rebuilding the South and reuniting the North and South following the Civil War

79
Q

Sharecropping

A

a farming system that kept many southern farmers in debt since it paid for use of land with crops; made it nearly impossible for farmers to get out of poverty

80
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

Laws passed in the South to enforce segregation; laws required segregated public transportation, schools, cemeteries, parks and other public places

81
Q

Plessey v. Ferguson

A

Supreme Court Case of 1896 in which Supreme Court ruled separate but equal was constitutional

US History (16 decks)

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