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CPR > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Emergency action steps

A

Check, Call, Care

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2
Q

What to check in an emergency

A

-safety of scene
-obtain consent
-are the responsive
-life threatening emergency?
-LOOK, LISTEN, FEEL

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3
Q

How to care for a patient in emergency

A

Give care consistent with your knowledge and training

Help person rest in comfortable position

Keep them from getting chilled or overheated

Continue to watch for changes in person’s condition

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4
Q

Legal Issues

A

-Getting consent
-Confidentiality
-Good Samaritan Laws
-Abandonment

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5
Q

When is consent implied?

A

if the patient is unresponsive and/or parent/guardian is not present

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6
Q

Who can you get consent from?

A

Adults (18+) who are sober and clear minded
Legal guardian of a minor
Unaccompanied minor

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7
Q

If you are not medical professional, you are considered to be acting in good faith and are therefore protected from being found liable

A

Good Samaritan Laws

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7
Q

Who can you share confidentiality with?

A

People directly involved in the person’s care such as family members and EMS people

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8
Q

When you turn over care to someone who cannot manage the patient

A

Abandonment

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9
Q

Reasons to hesitate

A

-Bystander effect
-trauma/freeze
-fear
-getting sued
-lack of confidence
-fear of infection

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10
Q

when you see something, but you assume someone else with more training will take care of the situation

A

Bystander effect

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11
Q

Ways to protect yourself from infection

A

-breathing barrier
-wear gloves
-wash your hands with soap and water

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12
Q

Airway emergencies

A

-Choking
-Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction)
-Demographic infants and children
-Demographic elderly people

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13
Q

Causes of airway emergencies

A

eating too fast, not chewing food well, talking/laughing while eating

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14
Q

Signs and Symptoms of airway emergencies

A

hands around the throat, unable to speak

any kind of skin color change

coughing or gasping for air

confused or anxious expression

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15
Q

Treatment for airway emergencies

A

Give five back blows and five abdominal thrusts; if unresponsive, start CPR

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16
Q

Circulation Emergencies

A

heart attack
major bleeding
blood clots

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17
Q

Signs and Symptoms of heart attack

A

chest pain
pain that radiates in one or both arms
pain in lower back
heavy chest
pain radiates to the neck or jaw
presents upper stomach pain or indigestion
shortness of breath
inconsistent fatigue
skin color

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18
Q

Heart is no longer beating
Unable to respond
Brain tissue damage starts in 4-5 minutes

A

Cardiac Arrest

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19
Q

One CPR cycle

A

32 chest compressions and two rescue breaths
Patient needs to be on a firm flat surface
Unresponsive, check to see if they are breathing

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20
Q

High quality CPR

A

Depth of 2 inches
Open the airway using head tilt/chin lift
Firm flat surface
Responders kneel next to patient
Check scene safety
Chest compressions on the center of the chest
Minimize interruptions

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21
Q

What if you have two trained CPR responders present?

A

Switch every 5 cycles (about 2 minutes)

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22
Q

What if you give a breath and don’t see the chest rise?

A

Retilt the head
Check your seal
Give your second breath
Check airway to see if foreign object is stuck

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23
Q

What do you do if patient vomits during CPR?

A

Put them in the recovery position

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24
Q

When do you stop performing CPR?

A

When there is a sign of life
EMS arrives
If scene becomes unsafe
If you are too exhausted to continue

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25
Q

Located in high traffic/highly visible areas OR places where they are most likely to be needed

A

AEDs (Automated External Defibrillator)

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26
Q

If a patient is in the water and you need to use an AED?

A

Get them out of the water and dry them off so the pad will stick

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27
Q

When can it get tricky to assist someone who has an emergency?

A

-Under the influence
-Have certain religious beliefs
-Are not of sound mind
-Speak a different language

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28
Q

SAM interview parts

A

Signs and Symptoms
Allergies
Medications and medical conditions

29
Q

What do you do for an initial check?

A

Protect their dignity and give them privacy (as much as possible)

Get their name and age

Conduct SAM interview

Ask what happened to get to the point of emergency

30
Q

Normal heart rate

A

60-100 BPM rhythm (regular), quality (strong)

31
Q

Responsive rate (RR)

A

12-20 breaths per minute, assess depth (deep) and effort (unlabored)

32
Q

How to take heart rate

A

Count for 15 seconds, multiply the number you get by 4

33
Q

How to take responsive rate

A

Count it for a full minute, as it is a lower number

34
Q

Scale used to test level of responsiveness

A

AVPU

35
Q

What does the A stand for the AVPU scale?

A

eyes are open, they are awake

36
Q

What does the V stand for the AVPU scale?

A

if they respond to your voice

37
Q

What does the P stand for the AVPU scale?

A

If they respond to pain

38
Q

What does the U stand for the AVPU scale?

A

they are not responding

39
Q

What does SCTM stand for when doing a skin test?

A

skin, color, temperature, moisture

40
Q

Life threatening condition where the circulatory system fails to deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to tissues and organs

A

shock

41
Q

life threatening blood loss, severe allergy reaction (anaphylaxis), severe infection, dehydration, heart issues, any serious illness or injury

A

causes for shock

42
Q

shock signs and symptoms

A

Elevated heart rate
Elevated respiratory rate
Skin is pale, cool, and clammy
Altered mental status (anxious, restless, irritable)

43
Q

treatment for shock

A

Call 911
Treat the cause
Get them to a position of comfort
Regulate their body temperature
Keep monitoring until EMS arrives

44
Q

Low blood sugar, affects brain function, is sudden; below 80

A

hypoglycemic

45
Q

high blood sugar, gradual onset, not immediate life threat

A

hyperglycemic

46
Q

hyperglycemia symptoms

A

Fruity and sweet smell to their breath
Excessive urination
Excessive thirst

47
Q

Shock symptoms and signs

A

Shaky/weak/fatigued/feeling faint
Altered mental status
Shock
Elevated heart rate and respiratory rate
Appears generally ill

48
Q

If someone is responsive and has low blood sugar, what do you do?

A

give them 15-20 grams of sugar; even if they don’t know, give them sugar

49
Q

Mild allergic reaction symptoms

A

Localized hives, rash, redness, swelling
Stuffy nose
Itchy, watery eyes
Sore throat
Abdominal pain and cramping

50
Q

Severe allergic reaction symptoms

A

Systemic redness, swelling, hives, rash all over the body
Blocked airway
Swelling to face, lips, tongue, neck
Severe abdominal pain and cramping
Signs and symptoms of shock

51
Q

mild allergy treatment

A

remove source of allergen, monitor for facial swelling and airway compromise

52
Q

severe allergy treatment

A

Call 911, EPI pen (inject in outside thigh muscle, hold for 10 seconds, the rub the area), monitor until EMS arrives

53
Q

How is life threatening bleeding assessed?

A

volume (half a soda can) and flow (spurting, running, gushing, etc.)

54
Q

Is for life threatening bleeding only
Place 2-3 inches above the wound OR between the wound and the heart
DO NOT place it directly on the wound OR over a joint
Note the time of use for EMS
Working when bleeding stops

A

Tourniquets

55
Q

When to seek care for minor bleeding

A

Possibility of infection or it is already infected
Bleeding will not stop
Deeper or wider than half an inch
Not healing after a couple of days
Puncture wounds
Contaminated wounds
Comes in contact with rusty metal and not up to date on their tetanus shot
Animal bites

56
Q

Only involve top layer of skin

A

minor burn

57
Q

Involves top and deeper layers of skin, including blood vessels, hair follicles, and glands

A

moderate burn

58
Q

Penetrate both layers of skin and involves subcutaneous tissue (muscle, fat, bone)

A

severe/thick burn

59
Q

Burn treatment

A

Remove the source of the burn
Remove clothing and jewelry from burn site
Cool the burn using clean, cool running water for 10-20 minutes
Leave it uncovered, unless you are in a remote location
Monitor for shock

60
Q

Burns serious for 911

A

Any full thickness burn
Burns covering more than one body part/large amount of the total body surface area (TBSA)
Burns that compromise airways
Burns that impair any function
Burns caused by chemicals, explosions, electricity, and radiation
Children and older people, as infection could be worse
Circumferential burns

61
Q

damage to foligaments

A

Sprain

62
Q

damage to a bone (cracked, fully broken, chipped

A

Fracture

63
Q

when a bone moves out of its natural position in the joint

A

Dislocation

64
Q

damage to a muscle or a tendon (which attaches muscle to bone)

A

strain

65
Q

Musculoskeletal signs and symptoms

A

Open fracture (bones coming through the skin)
Swelling
Popping, snapping, grating sounds
Pain, varying from mild to severe
Significant bruising
Abnormal bump, ridge or hallow formedly displaced
Obvious deformity
Changes in circulation and sensation below the injury site

66
Q

What does CSM stand for?

A

circulation, sensation, movement

67
Q

Signs and symptoms of head injury

A

Light sensitivity
Vision becomes blurry
Double vision
Seeing stars
Headache
Confusion
Dizziness
Memory loss
Unresponsiveness
Nausea and vomiting
Noise sensitivity

68
Q

Severe signs and symptoms of head injuries

A

Fluid leaking from their ears/nose
Seizures
Altered mental status (DICU)
Disoriented
Irritable
Combative
Unresponsive
Behavioral changes
Raccoon eyes/battle sign

69
Q

Severe head injuries to call 911

A

Concussion
Traumatic brain injury
Life threatening brain injury
Skull fracture
Intracranial pressure

70
Q

Spine injury signs and symptoms

A

Visual deformity
Patient says they have pain
Men can have abnormal sensations (like erections)
Loss of movement in extremities

71
Q

spine injury treatment

A

Call 911
Approach them from the front and encourage them not to move
Manage other conditions
Leave in position found, unless CPR is needed
Keep them comfortable
Regulate their body temperature (generally meaning to keep them warm)
Leave helmets in place

CPR (2 decks)

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