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2024S2 FINAL > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomy of Sport

A

freedom enjoyed by national and international sport organizations to decide on internal matters

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2
Q

Switzerland and Sport

A

Most sporting countries want a “seat” in switzerland so that they can help make decisions and are seen as legit

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3
Q

Case Study Blake Leeper

A

Prosthetic blades to run. Used to run with able-bodied athletes but was told that his blades were too long, so he ahd an advantage over the other runners.

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4
Q

Blake Leeper’s argument?

A

World Athletics had limited its autonomy by committing itself to be a non-discriminatory sport. (But it was not).

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5
Q

placing the burden on all athletes using mechanical aids might be considered what?

A

indirectly discriminatory against athletes with a disability

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6
Q

Arbitration vs. Mediation

A

putting power in someone else’s hands vs people try to come to an agreement

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7
Q

Match-Fixing

A

Team intentionally loses in order to benefit a pary. Ex. Sport betting

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8
Q

sport management

Irrational Passions

A

help to get fans to buy merch, join clubs etc.

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9
Q

Vicarious Identification

A

Embodying a player or someone else to complete a goal. May inspire the person to buy their merch

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9
Q

Interdependence

A

Want to keep competitiors around so that there will always be a game, and making money

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10
Q

What are considered part of Public (state) sector?

A

national, regional, local government

special agencies playing a role in government

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11
Q

Non-profit (voluntary) sector -

what it contains

A

community-based clubs, international sports federations

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12
Q

biggest non-profit

A

IOC- international olympic committee

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13
Q

Professional (comercial) sector)

A

All the pro leagues

people think of these teams and athletes when they think of pro sports

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14
Q

How does the public sector and pro sector overlap?

A

The public sector influences pro sport because of sport policy. Ex. Raptors must go to government to ask for funding for a new stadium

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15
Q

Organizational Culture

A

individuals and groups in an organization all hold certain assumptions, norms, and values

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16
Q

Issue with Leaders in non-profit organizations

A

lack of volunteers - people put in leadership positions when they don’t have the expertise

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17
Q

Order of Governing bodies of Sport

A

Governance
Management
Admin

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18
Q

3 tiers of professional sport

A

premier, minor, and developing

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19
Q

What are the two largest leagues in professional sport

A

NFL and EFL

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20
Q

Why are minor leagues important?

Feeders

A

Help for scouting new athletes for the pro leagues

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21
Q

IMG media division

purpose

A

helps to manage world’s greatest athletes and fashion icons. Helps promote fandoms and merch

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22
Q

Who does IMG media compete against?

A

Octagon

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23
Q

4 ownership structures

A

Private ownership, community owners, media conglomerates (large company composed of a number of companies engaged in unrelated businesses), win vs profit maximizing

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24
Q

Define sport organizational Culture

A

Values, beliefs, attitudes

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25
Q

Do all parties view culture in the same way?

A

No

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26
Q

Non-profit organizations are:

A

Seperate from State, Don’t return profit from owners, self-governing, lots of volunteers, formally incorporated

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27
Q

Sport Organizational Identity

Meaning

A

ways in which individuals percieve themselves and are percieved by others.

Want to align the two

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27
Q
A
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28
Q

Iceberg metaphor

Culture

A

non-visible. history of team, the part that people don’t see.

values, beliefs

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29
Q

iceberg metaphor

identity

A

the visible part of iceberg. how people perceive the culture

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30
Q

legends

meaning

A

events, with fictional details

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31
Q

rites

definition

A

elaborate, dramatic, planned set of activites

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32
Q

Name 3 Non-profit synonyms

A

Community, Friendly secotr, and Third sector

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33
Q

European sport system is usually run by/established by

A

Clubs

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34
Q

American Sport System is usually run by/established by

A

Schools

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35
Q

The link between lex sportiva and lex publica

level of sport law

A

National Organization level

36
Q

is it the U.S or Europe that has transfer fees

A

Europe

37
Q

3 unique elements of sport management (characteristics)

ISU

A

spontaneity, inconsistency, and unpredictability

38
Q

Win maximisers vs. profit maximisers

A

do everything to maximise number of wins vs. primary concern is a financial return

39
Q

True or False: Non-profit focus includes professional paid staff

A

True

40
Q

Are non-profit industries interdependent?

Why?

A

Yes. Because all group members are relying on each other to complete a goal

41
Q

Heirarchical system of governing bodies of sport

3 GMA

A

Governance, Management, Administration

42
Q

Formal vs informal partcipation

A

Formal: formed with intention and has tuition, clubs, organized competition
Informal: no intention

43
Q

Iceberg metaphor

A

Identity - is the visible part (top of the iceberg)
Culture - non-visible part = history of the team; values, beliefs

44
Q

Legends

A

Events with embellished fictional details

45
Q

Professional sport tiers

PMD

A

Premier, minor, and developing

46
Q

Two of the largest leagues

A

NFL and EFL

47
Q

One big purpose for road cycling and how it benefits the city

A

Marketing instrument for newspapers, help sell tickets, content creation

48
Q

When did cycling become a part of the Olympic Games?

A

In 1896

49
Q

UCI

Stands for and what it is

A

Union Cycliste Internationale - world governing body of cycling

50
Q

Goal of Belgian Cycling foundation

A

Organizes championships, provides licenses, and encourages young cycling talent

51
Q

Purpose of Flanders Classics

A

Further the professionalism of road cycling in Flanders. Organizes events with “Ronde van Vlaanderen” (flagship event)

52
Q

Scope of Sport

A

Marketing goods and services pertaining to participation in Sports. Attracts fans

53
Q

Sport Marketing

A

Direct and indirect objectives amongst sport customers/businesses are fulfilled through these contests that are being staged

54
Q

Four utilities that provide value to the customer

marketing

FTPP

A

form, time, place, and possession

55
Q

3 C’s of Marketing

A

Comapny, Competition, Consumer

56
Q

PEST

Theoretical Framework

Definition

A

Policitcal, Economic, Social, Technological

57
Q

Name STP

Marketing strategy further refined for specificity

A

Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning

58
Q

Fundamental pillars of development of a strategy

A

Product, Place, Price, Promotion

59
Q

What is so distinctive about marketing sport competitions?

2 points

A
  • Sport is intangible, experimental, and subjective.
  • Perishable commodity, with no inventory
    -Unpredictable and inconsistent
  • Strong personal and emotional attachment
60
Q

What kinds of people can be identified as internal stakeholders?

A

Athletes, coaches, city where sport is taking place, as well as the sponsors

61
Q

What level are most purchases made?

A

“Want” level

62
Q

Governance Theory

Internal Monitoring: Agency and Stewardship theory

A

Agency: managers may have different goals for the comapny/team than the share/stakeholders
Stewardship: managers want exactly what the share/stakeholders want

63
Q

Governance Theory

Institutional, Resource dependence, and network theory

A
  1. governance system adopted bcz of external pressures
  2. behavior dictated by relationship with the environment
  3. socially binding contracts drive performance
64
Q

Stakeholder Theory

A

need to maintain a series of interdependent relationships. CSR (coporate social responsibility)

65
Q

What are shareholders vs. stake holders?

A

Share- someone who puts their own money into the company
Stake - anyone who is impacted by the company’s decisions

66
Q

What is conformance in relation to corporate governance?

Shreholders

A

company has to conform to rules that their shareholders make

67
Q

Role Ambiguity

A

Confusion as to who is in the lead. Ex. paid staff confused if they are to follow the volunteers who seem to be above them

68
Q

Equity

A

fair poliveis in place to assert good governance

69
Q

Threat of Competition

A

more paid staff means needing to hire better staff to compete with other organizations

70
Q

Drivers of Change in Governance

4 points

A

Influence of funding agencies
Threat of Litigation
Threat of Competition
Performance demands from government

71
Q

Name a complex HRM environment

A

collegiate sport

72
Q

Four tools available for Strategic Analysis

SSCF

A

SWOT analysis
Stakeholder and customer needs analysis
Competitor Analysis
Five forces analysis

73
Q

Five Forces

out of substitute products and services, suppliers, buyers, rivalry amongst competition, and potential new entrants what is the force that connects them

A

Rivalry amongst competition

74
Q

A simple word to describe “strategy implementation”

A

Planning

75
Q

Work Specialization

Broken Down

A
  • tasks performed repetitively
  • cannot be too boring or stressful to avoid accidents
76
Q

Span of Control

A

Number of people that can be supervised efficiently

77
Q

How does size of structure affect the organization?

A

Bigger org = more formal.
Because there is higher standards put in place to account for every aspect

Ex. volunteeting vs. working for the raptors

78
Q

Match European and American sport systems with either “schools or clubs”

A

E - clubs
A - schools

78
Q

List 3 out of 4 non-profit synonyms

A

community, friendly, and third sectors

78
Q

The link found between lex publica and lex sportiva

A

National Organization

79
Q

Does the U.S. or Europe have transfer fees?

A

Europe has transfer fees

79
Q

Lex publica and lex sportiva - which is not involved in sport law

A

lex publica - only involved at the national organization level

80
Q

Unique elements of sport management are:

3 of them ISU

A

Inconsistency, spontaneity, and unpredictability

81
Q

Centralization vs. Decentralization

A

Few people allowed to input on decisions.
vs
Decision-making handed down to front line staff (lower staff)

82
Q

Formalization meaning

A

extent to which jobs are standardized and have rules and procedures in place

83
Q

4 Structural Models

A

Simple, Bureaucratic, Matrix org., and team structure

84
Q

Size and Centralization

A

the larger the organization the more decison-making is done at different levels to get more work done

85
Q
A

2024S2 FINAL (2 decks)

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