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Comparative Nutrition > FINAL EXAM REVIEW 1 > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM REVIEW 1 Flashcards

1
Q

In humans, lactose intolerance is mainly due to?

A

too little lactase

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2
Q

glycogen is a stored carbohydrate energy source and is primarily found in___and___?

A

liver and muscles

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3
Q

anabolism is the predominant function in?

A

bone growth

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4
Q

what do you get when anabolism equals catabolism?

A

dynamic equilibrium

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5
Q

enzymes produced by the human digestive tract cannot what?

A

digest fibers

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6
Q

is hydrochloric acid is required for protein digestion? and is the building blocks for hydrochloric acid is water and salt?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

a nutrient is considered essential if?

A
  • it cannot be made by the body
  • it must be obtained in the diet
  • it is required for normal body function
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8
Q

in monogastric animals, starch digestion primarily takes place in the?

A

mouth and small intestines

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9
Q

the process of breaking down food into substances that are small enough to be taken into the body’s cells is called?

A

digestion

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10
Q

completes digestion of over 90% of all macronutrients consumed?

A

small intestines

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11
Q

peristalsis is described as?

A

muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

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12
Q

metabolism is?

A

sum of all chemical processes in the body

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13
Q

active form of gastric enzyme, activates at low pH?

A

pepsin

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14
Q

produces various digestive enzymes, location of most nutrient absorption?

A

small intestines

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15
Q

secretes acids, enzymes and fluid in order to convert minced foods to a liquid mass?

A

stomach

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16
Q

Another term for esophageal groove is?

A

tube that allows milk to bypass the rumen

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17
Q

what is similar to a monogastric stomach in a ruminant animal?

A

abomasum

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18
Q

hormone that lowers blood glucose and promotes gycogen synthesis is?

A

insulin

19
Q

fermentation chamber of a ruminent is called?

A

rumen

20
Q

what animals would be considered a specialist feeder?

A

koala and panda

21
Q

what is a key function of microvilli?

A

increase absorption surface area

22
Q

stomach hydrochloric acid does all of the following except:

a) denatures carbohydrates
b) promotes digestion of food
c) kills stomach bacteria
d) causes activation of pepsinogen to the active enzyme pepsin

A

a)denatures carbohydrate

23
Q

if digestion involves digestive enzymes secreted by the animal, it is called?

A

autoenzymatic digestion

24
Q

in ruminants, energy is obtained directly from?

A

absorbed volatile fatty acids

25
Q

match the species with the organ?

a) rat:gizzard
b) dog:hindgut
c) bird:crop milk
d) humans:proventriculus

A

c) bird: crop milk

26
Q

the feeding strategy which is most opportunistic is?

A

omnivore

27
Q

what are the concepts that are the foundation of nutrition?

A

homeostasis, essential nutrients, bioavailability, and food composition

28
Q

this atom distinquishes protein from carbohydrates and fats?

A

Nitrogen

29
Q

which of the following statements are true?
a) kjeldahl procedures is used to determine the amount of nitrogen in a feed.

b) crude protein is then calculated by multiplying the amount of nitrogen by 16%.
c) a double bond means that a fatty acid is saturated.
d) animal fats have a lower content of saturated fatty acids than plant vegetable oils

A

a) kjeldahl porcedures is used to determine the amount of nitrogen in a feed

30
Q

which of the following statements are not true?

a) goblet cells produce and secret mucuz
b) mucus protects the intestinal lining from digestion
c) mucus assists movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract
d) drinking milk should be avoided because it triggers mucus production in mammals.

A

d) drinking milk should be avoided because it triggers mucus production in mammals.

31
Q

an example of positive nitrogen balance is?

A

pregnancy

32
Q

an ideal or complete protein refers to which of the following characteristics?

A

has an essential amino acid pattern that meets a species requirement

33
Q

a person having a severe reaction to consuming a specific food protein is said to have?

A

food allergies to foods containing that protein

34
Q

excess protein intake is stored as?

A

fat

35
Q

forage cut at what time of the day have the highest sugar content?

A

on the afternoon of a sunny day

36
Q

heating a protein causes the following changes to happen

A

changes the functional shape of the protein

37
Q

high quality protein include all except:

a) beef
b) eggs
c) soy
d) gelatin

A

d)gelatin

38
Q

oligosaccharides are not or do not__?

A

highly digested by mammals

39
Q

the basic unit of carbohydrate consists of?

A

glucose

40
Q

the storage form of carbohydrate in animals is called?

A

glycogen

41
Q

which of the following statements are true?

a) most protein absorption takes place in the stomach
b) less than 80% of protein enters the blood stream as amino acids.
c) some amino acids remain in the enterocytes to synthesize enzymes and new intestinal cells.
d) all of the above

A

C) some amino acids remain in the enterocytes to synthesize enzymes and new intestinal cells

42
Q

which type of protein combines with carbohydrate to form mucus as a protective lining in the GIT?

A

mucoproteins

43
Q

which type of protein constitutes greater than 50% of total body protein?

A

collagen

Comparative Nutrition (3 decks)

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