FINAL EXAM REVIEW 1 Flashcards
In humans, lactose intolerance is mainly due to?
too little lactase
glycogen is a stored carbohydrate energy source and is primarily found in___and___?
liver and muscles
anabolism is the predominant function in?
bone growth
what do you get when anabolism equals catabolism?
dynamic equilibrium
enzymes produced by the human digestive tract cannot what?
digest fibers
is hydrochloric acid is required for protein digestion? and is the building blocks for hydrochloric acid is water and salt?
TRUE
a nutrient is considered essential if?
- it cannot be made by the body
- it must be obtained in the diet
- it is required for normal body function
in monogastric animals, starch digestion primarily takes place in the?
mouth and small intestines
the process of breaking down food into substances that are small enough to be taken into the body’s cells is called?
digestion
completes digestion of over 90% of all macronutrients consumed?
small intestines
peristalsis is described as?
muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
metabolism is?
sum of all chemical processes in the body
active form of gastric enzyme, activates at low pH?
pepsin
produces various digestive enzymes, location of most nutrient absorption?
small intestines
secretes acids, enzymes and fluid in order to convert minced foods to a liquid mass?
stomach
Another term for esophageal groove is?
tube that allows milk to bypass the rumen
what is similar to a monogastric stomach in a ruminant animal?
abomasum
hormone that lowers blood glucose and promotes gycogen synthesis is?
insulin
fermentation chamber of a ruminent is called?
rumen
what animals would be considered a specialist feeder?
koala and panda
what is a key function of microvilli?
increase absorption surface area
stomach hydrochloric acid does all of the following except:
a) denatures carbohydrates
b) promotes digestion of food
c) kills stomach bacteria
d) causes activation of pepsinogen to the active enzyme pepsin
a)denatures carbohydrate
if digestion involves digestive enzymes secreted by the animal, it is called?
autoenzymatic digestion
in ruminants, energy is obtained directly from?
absorbed volatile fatty acids
match the species with the organ?
a) rat:gizzard
b) dog:hindgut
c) bird:crop milk
d) humans:proventriculus
c) bird: crop milk
the feeding strategy which is most opportunistic is?
omnivore
what are the concepts that are the foundation of nutrition?
homeostasis, essential nutrients, bioavailability, and food composition
this atom distinquishes protein from carbohydrates and fats?
Nitrogen
which of the following statements are true?
a) kjeldahl procedures is used to determine the amount of nitrogen in a feed.
b) crude protein is then calculated by multiplying the amount of nitrogen by 16%.
c) a double bond means that a fatty acid is saturated.
d) animal fats have a lower content of saturated fatty acids than plant vegetable oils
a) kjeldahl porcedures is used to determine the amount of nitrogen in a feed
which of the following statements are not true?
a) goblet cells produce and secret mucuz
b) mucus protects the intestinal lining from digestion
c) mucus assists movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract
d) drinking milk should be avoided because it triggers mucus production in mammals.
d) drinking milk should be avoided because it triggers mucus production in mammals.
an example of positive nitrogen balance is?
pregnancy
an ideal or complete protein refers to which of the following characteristics?
has an essential amino acid pattern that meets a species requirement
a person having a severe reaction to consuming a specific food protein is said to have?
food allergies to foods containing that protein
excess protein intake is stored as?
fat
forage cut at what time of the day have the highest sugar content?
on the afternoon of a sunny day
heating a protein causes the following changes to happen
changes the functional shape of the protein
high quality protein include all except:
a) beef
b) eggs
c) soy
d) gelatin
d)gelatin
oligosaccharides are not or do not__?
highly digested by mammals
the basic unit of carbohydrate consists of?
glucose
the storage form of carbohydrate in animals is called?
glycogen
which of the following statements are true?
a) most protein absorption takes place in the stomach
b) less than 80% of protein enters the blood stream as amino acids.
c) some amino acids remain in the enterocytes to synthesize enzymes and new intestinal cells.
d) all of the above
C) some amino acids remain in the enterocytes to synthesize enzymes and new intestinal cells
which type of protein combines with carbohydrate to form mucus as a protective lining in the GIT?
mucoproteins
which type of protein constitutes greater than 50% of total body protein?
collagen
