FINAL EXAM REVIEW 1

Question 1

In humans, lactose intolerance is mainly due to?

Answer 1

too little lactase

Question 2

glycogen is a stored carbohydrate energy source and is primarily found in___and___?

Answer 2

liver and muscles

Question 3

anabolism is the predominant function in?

Answer 3

bone growth

Question 4

what do you get when anabolism equals catabolism?

Answer 4

dynamic equilibrium

Question 5

enzymes produced by the human digestive tract cannot what?

Answer 5

digest fibers

Question 6

is hydrochloric acid is required for protein digestion? and is the building blocks for hydrochloric acid is water and salt?

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

a nutrient is considered essential if?

Answer 7

• it cannot be made by the body
• it must be obtained in the diet
• it is required for normal body function

Question 8

in monogastric animals, starch digestion primarily takes place in the?

Answer 8

mouth and small intestines

Question 9

the process of breaking down food into substances that are small enough to be taken into the body’s cells is called?

Answer 9

digestion

Question 10

completes digestion of over 90% of all macronutrients consumed?

Answer 10

small intestines

Question 11

peristalsis is described as?

Answer 11

muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Question 12

metabolism is?

Answer 12

sum of all chemical processes in the body

Question 13

active form of gastric enzyme, activates at low pH?

Answer 13

pepsin

Question 14

produces various digestive enzymes, location of most nutrient absorption?

Answer 14

small intestines

Question 15

secretes acids, enzymes and fluid in order to convert minced foods to a liquid mass?

Answer 15

stomach

Question 16

Another term for esophageal groove is?

Answer 16

tube that allows milk to bypass the rumen

Question 17

what is similar to a monogastric stomach in a ruminant animal?

Answer 17

abomasum

Question 18

hormone that lowers blood glucose and promotes gycogen synthesis is?

Answer 18

insulin

Question 19

fermentation chamber of a ruminent is called?

Answer 19

rumen

Question 20

what animals would be considered a specialist feeder?

Answer 20

koala and panda

Question 21

what is a key function of microvilli?

Answer 21

increase absorption surface area

Question 22

stomach hydrochloric acid does all of the following except:

a) denatures carbohydrates
b) promotes digestion of food
c) kills stomach bacteria
d) causes activation of pepsinogen to the active enzyme pepsin

Answer 22

a)denatures carbohydrate

Question 23

if digestion involves digestive enzymes secreted by the animal, it is called?

Answer 23

autoenzymatic digestion

Question 24

in ruminants, energy is obtained directly from?

Answer 24

absorbed volatile fatty acids

Question 25

match the species with the organ? a) rat:gizzard b) dog:hindgut c) bird:crop milk d) humans:proventriculus

Answer 25

c) bird: crop milk

Question 26

the feeding strategy which is most opportunistic is?

Answer 26

omnivore

Question 27

what are the concepts that are the foundation of nutrition?

Answer 27

homeostasis, essential nutrients, bioavailability, and food composition

Question 28

this atom distinquishes protein from carbohydrates and fats?

Answer 28

Nitrogen

Question 29

which of the following statements are true? a) kjeldahl procedures is used to determine the amount of nitrogen in a feed. b) crude protein is then calculated by multiplying the amount of nitrogen by 16%. c) a double bond means that a fatty acid is saturated. d) animal fats have a lower content of saturated fatty acids than plant vegetable oils

Answer 29

a) kjeldahl porcedures is used to determine the amount of nitrogen in a feed

Question 30

which of the following statements are not true? a) goblet cells produce and secret mucuz b) mucus protects the intestinal lining from digestion c) mucus assists movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract d) drinking milk should be avoided because it triggers mucus production in mammals.

Answer 30

d) drinking milk should be avoided because it triggers mucus production in mammals.

Question 31

an example of positive nitrogen balance is?

Answer 31

pregnancy

Question 32

an ideal or complete protein refers to which of the following characteristics?

Answer 32

has an essential amino acid pattern that meets a species requirement

Question 33

a person having a severe reaction to consuming a specific food protein is said to have?

Answer 33

food allergies to foods containing that protein

Question 34

excess protein intake is stored as?

Answer 34

fat

Question 35

forage cut at what time of the day have the highest sugar content?

Answer 35

on the afternoon of a sunny day

Question 36

heating a protein causes the following changes to happen

Answer 36

changes the functional shape of the protein

Question 37

high quality protein include all except: a) beef b) eggs c) soy d) gelatin

Answer 37

d)gelatin

Question 38

oligosaccharides are not or do not__?

Answer 38

highly digested by mammals

Question 39

the basic unit of carbohydrate consists of?

Answer 39

glucose

Question 40

the storage form of carbohydrate in animals is called?

Answer 40

glycogen

Question 41

which of the following statements are true? a) most protein absorption takes place in the stomach b) less than 80% of protein enters the blood stream as amino acids. c) some amino acids remain in the enterocytes to synthesize enzymes and new intestinal cells. d) all of the above

Answer 41

C) some amino acids remain in the enterocytes to synthesize enzymes and new intestinal cells

Question 42

which type of protein combines with carbohydrate to form mucus as a protective lining in the GIT?

Answer 42

mucoproteins

Question 43

which type of protein constitutes greater than 50% of total body protein?

Answer 43

collagen