final exam reveiw

Question 1

human nature
-significance

Answer 1

biologically inherited nature that can change overtime through experience and environment
- separates human from the rest of the animal kingdom

Question 2

human dignity
-significance

Answer 2

the built in intrinsic excellence that we all posses
- separates us from each other as individuals
- every human being is values and valid

Question 3

free will
-significance

Answer 3

human ability to choose between following instinct or utilizing reason
- the trait that separates humans and animals

Question 4

reason
-significance

Answer 4

the ability to think logically
-allows us to problem solve

Question 5

social contract theory
-significance

Answer 5

an unwritten agreement between the people and their government where the citizens agree to follow laws and give up some rights for the government to protect them
-provides basics for our government

Question 6

John Locke
-significance

Answer 6

English social contract philosopher
-philosophies inspired american and french revolutions

Question 7

platos allegory
-significance

Answer 7

story told through symbols about mans quest for knowledge
-theory that there are more ignorant people then enlightened people

Question 8

political spectrum
-significance

Answer 8

visual representation that charts peoples political ideologies
-allows us to compare political ideologies

Question 9

conservative
-significance

Answer 9

political ideology that believes that societal problems should be solved by society
-gives a voice to republicans in society

Question 10

liberal
-significance

Answer 10

political ideology that believes that the federal government exits to solve societal problems
-gives a voice to democrats in society

Question 11

political ideology
-significance

Answer 11

various ideas about how the role the government should play in society
-provides bases for government

Question 12

federalism
-significance

Answer 12

the division of powers between the national (federal) and state governments
-accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country.

Question 13

democracy
-significance

Answer 13

government conducted by and with the consent of the people
- spreads out political decision making across the country

Question 14

dictatorship
-significance

Answer 14

one person or small group has absolute power with out effective constitutional limitations
-removes the peoples dignity and human rights

Question 15

checks and balances
-significance

Answer 15

system of each branch of government can limit the power of other branches
-one branch/person doesn’t take total control of the country

Question 16

separation of powers
-significance

Answer 16

the 3 separate branches of the government- legislative, judicial, executive.
-way to prevent one branch/ group/ person from becoming to powerful

Question 17

bill of rights
-significance

Answer 17

the first 10 amendments of the constitution
-explains our basic rights/freedoms

Question 18

first amendment
-significance

Answer 18

the freedom/right of religion, protest, speech, assembly, and press
-freewill/ freedom to express ourselves

Question 19

eighth amendment
-significance

Answer 19

the right to no cruel or unusual punishment
- protects a persons rights

Question 20

legislative branch
-significance

Answer 20

the branch of government that makes laws,…. congress, house of reps, senate.— Vice President
- makes rules for us all to live with to protect us

Question 21

executive branch
-significance

Answer 21

the branch of the government that carries out laws… president

Question 22

judicial branch
-significance

Answer 22

the branch of the government that interprets laws and declares them constitutional or not.
- determines if something is too hard for us to follow everyday, and if it has a good reason. also protects our 8th amendment.

Question 23

market economy
-significance

Answer 23

production and prices are determines by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses- “invisible hand” guided supply and demand
- if people want it, they can have it

Question 24

mixed economy
-significance

Answer 24

an economic system combining private and public enterprises with economic freedoms for individuals while still including gov. interventions.
- it allows people to both buy and sell, but be protected by those who take control

Question 25

command economy
-significance

Answer 25

gov. determines the quantity and price of goods in economy
- government are making decisions for people for the good of the nation

Question 26

global economy
-significance

Answer 26

all financial interactions among people businesses and governments that crosses international borders
- it allows countries around the world to obtain resources.

Question 27

globalization
-significance

Answer 27

businesses or other organizations develop international influences or start operating on an international scale
- changes the way national, businesses, and people interact and changes economic activity between nations, expands trade.

Question 28

free trade
-significance

Answer 28

international trade left to its natural course without tariffs quotas or other restrictions
- makes it easier and cheaper for companies to export and import products and service their trading partner markets.

Question 29

developed nations
-significance

Answer 29

a high- income, a sovereign state that has a high quality of life— stable
- advanced technological infrastructure and have diverse industrial and service centers

Question 30

develping nations
-significance

Answer 30

a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a lower human development index compared to other counties
-nations must work together to improve economic status

Question 31

world trade organization
-significance

Answer 31

the general agreement on tariffs and trade
-helps developing countries build their trad capacity

Question 32

international monetary fund
-significance

Answer 32

countries contribute to a pool of funds from which other countries experiencing financial hardship can borrow.
- promotes international trade, exchange- rate stability and sustainable growth.