Final Exam pt 2 Flashcards
Second Wave
Meaning:
The second wave of feminism focused on the advancement of women’s rights and equality
Importance:
- It advocated for workplace rights, ensuring that both genders are paid equally
- It addressed reproductive rights like abortion and the right to control their own bodies
- It also addressed legal inequalities like property ownership and divorce
- For the women’s only gym argument, the second wave argues women are equal, so there shouldn’t be separate times for separate people, as this excludes men
Third Wave
Meaning:
The third wave of feminism advocated for respecting differences. It was a response to the failures of the second wave
Importance:
- It encouraged individualism and diversity among women
- It promoted body positivity and self-acceptance.
- It also challenged traditional gender roles and expectations
- For the women’s only gym argument, third wave argues that we want to be equal, but the reality is we’re not. Providing a women only time provides a safe space for women to relax without fear of sexism
Sex vs Gender
Meaning:
Sex = nature / biological determined
Gender = nurture / socialization
Importance:
- gender norms are somewhat problematic. Girls are taught to like flowers and things that are pink, to be passive and polite, whereas boys are taught to be taught and dominant, not show feelings etc.
- Gender socialization is so strong that by 12 months, baby boys are stronger than baby girls, as parents tend to discourage their girls from doing things because they might ‘hurt themselves’
- Current gender norms are not neutral, they benefit men and oppress women
- Different cultures might have different ideas of how boys and girls should act
Gendered Division of Labour
Meaning:
It is a problem. Claims women are natural caregivers, men are natural breadwinners
Importance:
- It means that women will take more time off work than men
- It also means that it is economically rational to discriminate against women
- It results in women being significantly poorer than men
- The only way for women to get ahead is to sacrifice having a family
- Women are overworked, yet still become significantly poorer than men, despite working more hours
Cisgender
Meaning:
Cisgender means your biological sex lines up in the conventional way with the gender that feels right for you
Importance:
- helps differentiate those whose gender aligns with their assigned sex as birth (cisgender) and those whose genders differ from their assigned sex (transgender)
- promotes a more inclusive language, as using the term can help create an environment where all gender identities are acknowledged and respected
- It also helps cisgender people recognize the privileges that they have in society due to their alignment with societal norms
Zionism
Meaning:
Zionism is the belief that there should be a Jewish state controlled by and for Jewish people
Significance:
- Zionism is really settler colonialism, where settlers come to take over land and to stay
- Zionism requires clearing the land of the natives
- It resulted in the displacement of Palestinians, as well as many human rights abuses
- Zionism completely undermines the concept of sovereignty
- The belief that Israel should be a country predominantly for Jewish people is blatantly racist
The Nakba
Meaning:
The Nakba refers to the “catastrophe”. The Israeli army was ordered to engage in the cleansing, or destroying of the Palestinian villages
Importance:
- It forcefully displaced Palestinians from their homes, violating their fundamental human rights
- People fled in fear of a massacre similar to ones that occurred at other villages
- Palestinian people have called for international justice and accountability, however they have yet to have the right to return to their homes
- 700k Palestinians have been forced to flee their homes
- United states gives Israel billions, UN headquarters is in the states
Apartheid in the West Bank
Meaning:
Apartheid refers to a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race.
Importance:
- Palestinians who live in the west bank are formally under administration of Palestine authority, however they are actually under military occupation and Apartheid
- It is illegal for Palestinians to attend an assembly of 10 or more people without a ‘political permit”, undermining their political rights
- 90% of Water from the West Bank is channeled to Israel. There are frequent curfews set by the military
Eco Apartheid
Meaning:
Eco Apartheid refers to racism that results in negative environmental consequences
Importance:
- It is shown through the wall between the US and Mexico
- 200k mexicans try to enter US illegally each year, 500 die trying
- It is also shown through the wall of water between Africa and Europe
- Migrants from Africa are called “harraga” meaning “those who burn”
- These people are often driven by political instability in their countries or a desire for a better life
Nordic Countries
Meaning:
Nordic countries include Sweden, Denmark and Norway. They are known for providing high quality welfare for all
Importance:
- prioritize work-life balance w/ generous parental leave policies
- great environmental sustainability, as they focus on renewable energy
- Economically, there is little poverty and low unemployment rates
Decommodification
Meaning:
Decommodification removes food and services from market. Ensures it for all.
Importance:
- reduces dependence of individuals on market
- leads to lower levels of poverty and inequality
- enhances well being of society, as education and healthcare are no longer a burden to pay for
TINA
Meaning:
TINA refers to Margaret Mead saying “There is No Alternative” in relation to neoliberal capitalism
Importance:
- it is simply false, as there are many examples of alternatives like social democracy in Sweden
- it believes that the only way of efficiently running society is through free market capitalism
- other alternatives include marxism, anarchism etc.