Final Exam Pt. 2 Flashcards
HRM activities
1.Analysis and design of work
2. HR planning (how many employees are needed)
3. Recruiting
4. Selection
5. Training
6. Compensation
7. Performance management
8. Employee relations
Human Capital
an organization’s employees described in
terms of their training, experience, judgment, intelligence, relationships, and
insight.
sustainable competitive advantage
A competitive advantage that is maintained over time
HR can create sustainable competitive advantages when employees are:
- Valuable
- Rare
- Cannot be imitated
- No good substitutes (cant be subbed w/tech)
Administrative services and transactions
Handling administrative such as basic paperwork, answering questions, developing policies, and record keeping
Business partner services
HR professionals must understand the industry to adequately compete
Strategic partner
must understand the long term plans of the organization in order to meet the HR needs to accomplish that plan.
Job Analysis
The process of getting detailed information about jobs, such as its responsibilities
Job Design
The process of defining a jobs duties and how they will be done
Recruitment & Selection Definitions
Recruitment: Seeking and attracting potential employees
Selection: Identifying and choosing applicants with the required skills
Key skills employers look for
1) Problem-solving
2) Teamwork
3) Written communication skills
4) Leadership
5) Strong work ethic
Training vs Development
Training: Planned effort for employees to learn job related knowledge and skills.
Development: Acquiring knowledge and skills that improve an employee’s ability to adapt to changing job requirements and customer demands.
Planning Pay & Benefits vs Administering Pay & Benefits
1) Planning Pay & Benefits: Determine how much performance related pay to offer and whether the cost of benefits should be shared among employees.
2) Administering Pay & Benefits: Using systems to track employee earnings and benefits, informing employees about benefit plans.
Performance Management
Ensuring employees activities match the organization’s goals
Ways to manage performance
Questionnaires, peer feeback, performance reviews
Ways HR maintains positive employee relations
1) Preparing and distributing employee handbooks
2) Dealing with employee complaints
3) Negotiating union contracts
Workforce analytics
The use of quantitative tools to analyze data from HR databases to make evidence-based decisions.
Evidence-based HR
Using data to prove that HR has a positive influence on stakeholders
Stakeholders
Anyone with an interest in the company’s success (employees, customers, shareholders, community).
How does HR help an organization be socially responsible?
Creating programs for employees to engage in CSR activities, setting up fundraisers, etc.
4 Groups of HR competencies
1) Technical
2) Interpersonal
3) Business
4) Leadership
9 general HR competencies
Technical: 1) HR Expertise
Interpersonal: 2) Relationship management, 3) Communication, 4) Global and Cultural effectiveness
Business: 5) Consultation, 6) Critical Evaluation, 7) Business Acumen
Leadership: 8) Leadership and Navigation, 9) Ethics
HR Expertise
Carrying out HR functions with the most recent information and technology
Relationship management
Handling personal interactions appropriately to foster success
Global and Cultural Effectiveness
Valuing and being aware of other cultures
Consultation
How HR guides others within the organization
Business Acumen
Understanding how information can support the business
How are supervisors involved with HR?
1) Motivate employees with pay/benefits
2) Communicate policies
3) Define job responsibilities
4) Provide training
5) Evaluate performance
6) Give promotions
5 Employee rights to not be violated by HR
1) Free Consent
2) Privacy
3) Freedom of conscience
4) Freedom of speech
5) Due process
Right of free consent
People have a right to be treated only as they willingly consent to be treated
Freedom of conscience
People have the right to refuse to do what violates their moral beliefs, as long as the beliefs reflect commonly accepted norms
Right to due process
If someone’s rights are being violated, they have the right to a fair hearing
3 Standards used to evaluate whether a practice is ethical
1) Practice should be fair and equitable
2) Practices should result in the greatest good for the greatest number (utilitarianism)
3) Respect for basic human rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)
What is EEO?
Equal Employment Opportunity
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Granted all citizens same property rights as white citizens
Civil Rights Act of 1871
Granted all citizens to sue in federal court if they were deprived of their rights
Equal Pay Act 1963
Men and women doing the same work must be paid equally. Equal is defined in terms of skill, effort, responsibility, and working conditions. Amendment of FLSA.
Title 7 Civil Rights Act 1964
Prohibits employers from discriminating based on Race, Color, Religion, Sex, or National Origin. Applies to companies with 15 or more employees.
Number of employees needed for Title 7 Civil Rights Act to apply
15 or more
Age Discrimination and Employment Act (ADEA)
Prohibits discrimination against workers age 40+. Complaints are filed with the EEOC.
Vocational Rehabilitation Act
Covered organizations must engage in affirmative action for those with disabilities.
Vietnam Era Veteran’s Readjustment Act
Requires federal contractors and subcontractors to take affirmative action toward hiring Vietnam veterans. Covers veterans who served between 1964-1975.
Pregnancy Discrimination Act
Can’t discriminate on the basis of pregnancy or childbirth. Benefits (health insurance) should cover pregnancy and related conditions.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Prohibits discrimination based on disability, employers must make reasonable accommodations for disabled employees.
Civil Rights Act (CRA) of 1991
Added actual (compensatory) and punitive damages under Title 7 and ADA. Limited to $300,000
Uniformed Services Rights Act
Employers must reemploy workers who left jobs to fulfill military duties for up to 5 years. Should be placed in job they would have had if they had not left to serve in the military.
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
Employers cannot use genetic information to make employment decisions. Forbids collection of employee’s genetic data without their consent, and the harassment toward the collecting of genetic data.
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
Covers not being paid the same as a coworker where the difference is due to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or disability.
Executive Order 11246 (Johnson)
Prohibits federal contractors and subcontractors from discriminating on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Executive Order 11478 (Nixon)
Requires federal government to base all employment decisions on merit and fitness. Also applies to companies doing at least $10,000 of business with the federal government.
Protected class
Any group that has been historically discriminated against in which a specific law protects
Equal pay exceptions that allow differences between men and women
1) Merit
2) Seniority
3) Performance based compensation
Retaliation
Companies cannot impose punitive actions against an employee for exercising their right to file a claim with any EEO agency.
Who is responsible for investigating EEO claims?
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Must be filed within 180 days of incident
What charge is most often filed with the EEOC?
Retaliation
Disparate treatment vs Disparate impact
Disparate Treatment: Different treatment based on race, color, sex, religion, national origin, age, or disability. Defense is a bonafide occupational qualification (necessary qualification for job).
Disparate Impact: Condition that appears neutral but disproportionately targets a protected class. DEFENSE is business necessity.
4/5th’s Rule
If the percent of minorities hired out of potential minority applicants is less than 80% of the same rate for whites, then there is potential discrimination.
Ex. 300 applicants (200 black, 100 white). Hires 40 black, 60 white. 40/200 black = 20%, 60/100 white = 60%. .2/.6 = 33%, 33%<80% so there is potential discrimination
Reverse Discrimination
Discrimination against a historically favored group. Not really discrimination, can’t file.
2 Types of Sexual Harassment
1) Quid Pro Quo: “This for that”; Bad actor must be a supervisor or manager, and compliance is seen as a term or condition of employment.
2) Hostile Working Environment: sexually suggestive comments, gestures, advances, pictures, emails, texts, touch or humor that creates a hostile work environment.
OSHA General Duty
Employers must create an environment free from hazards likely to cause harm or death. Employees have the right to request an inspection. Applies to employers with 11 or more employees.
OSHA priority of inspections
1) Imminent Danger
2) Catastrophes and Fatalities
3) Employee Complaints
4) Hazardous industries
5) Follow up inspections
