FINAL EXAM -- PSY Flashcards
aspects of abnormality
thinking/behavior goes against social norms, causes discomfort, inability to function normally, harmful to self/others
psychological models of abnormality
psychodynamic/ neo-freudian view:
abnormal behavior/thinking stems from repressed conflicts in the unconscious wanting to come out
cognition
thinking that affects our abnormal behavior
culture bound syndrome
how certain cultures are going to express a psychological experience in different ways
for anxiety, an example is ataque de nervios
percentage of adults suffering from a mental disorder
from 26.2 to 32.4 percent over age 18 suffer from a mental disorder
pros and cons of labels
helps organize categories and common language understanding
but biased, easy to assume a diagnosis
book used to diagnose
dsm-5
mood disorder
experiences of emotions that impact everyday life
emotions last for long periods, persistent, often not known source
types of mood disorders
major depressive disorder (mdd) and bipolar disorder (I and II)
affect
emotional expression on face
a “flat” affect means no expression on face
mdd
seems to have no external cause
too severe for daily functioning
major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern/seasonal depression: caused by lack of sunlight in winter
suicide rates most common in
males
white/non-hispanic
native americans
bipolar I
symptoms are more significant, may need hospitalization
bipolar II
symptos less impactful of their safely/less concerning don’t need to be hospitalized
causes of mood disorders
biological explanations, genetic origins, learned helplessness
anxiety and fear
although related anxiety is different than the emotion of fear
panic attack’s relation to anxiety and disorders
can be attached to any disorder but mostly associated with anxiety
compulsion
repetitive ritualistic behavior or mental act
asd vs ptsd
asd lasts max a month after event
ptsd effect continues on permanently
psychodynamic explanation of trauma
anxiety is too hard to manage, leads to abnormal behavior/flashbacks
behaviorism theory on disorders
behaviorists believe disordered behavior is learned thru reinforcement (little albert)
cognitive psychology theory on disorders
excessive anxiety comes from irrational thought processes, “magnifying” situations as more dangerous than they are
additional causes of anxiety and stress disorders
cognitive-behavioral psychology explanations
perfectionism, overgeneralization (victimizing yourself), minimization of feelings
biological explanations
neurotransmitter dysfunction/genetics
anorexia nervosa
a condition in which a person reduces eating to control body weight
bulimia nervosa
mainly binging and purging or heavy exercise rather than restricting food intake
binge eating disorder
no purging or no compensatory behavior (exercising/laxatives)
schizophrenia
usual combination of hallucinations and delusions
delusion
false belief held by a person
neurotransmitters involved in schizophrenia
dysfunction, extreme levels of dopamine, GABA, glutamate, etc
brain inflammation
highest factor of schizophrenia
having an identical twin or parent with identical twin
prejudice vs discrimination
surface level bias against people based on group
bias turned behavior/want to behave negatively against a person of a group
blatant vs subtle biases
conscious beliefs/feelings that someone is willing to admit
biases that are unexamined and unconscious
social dominance orientation
belief that group hierarchies are inevitable and part of life (some groups are more superior than others and deserve more respect)
disapproves of disrupting social hierarchy
right wing authoritarianism
an ideology that emphasizes comfority or obedience to authority
can dislike outgroup members because they believe in separate values
social identity theory
tendency to favor ones group over another’s outgroup
social psychology
the study of a persons behavior, thoughts and feelings influenced by different social environments
normative social influence
the need to act in ways that will let us be liked and accepted
informational social influence
taking cues how to behave from other people when in an unclear environment
example of conformity
asch’s study of lines
groupthink
when people place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness (agreeing on one problem/view) than on facts
example: not wearing masks
“don’t rock the boat”
group polarization
the tendency for members to sway to extreme or minimalopinions, all or nothing
social facilitation vs impairment
when people do better or worse being watched
deindividuation
feeling out of control and losing self identity and responsible because actions are anonymous
attribution
explaining one’s own or anothers behavior
theory: how we make sense of the behavior of others
internal causes of why smth happens (dispositional, personal qualities)
external causes outside of the person (situational)
fundamental attribution error
tendency to blame a situation or other person other than ourself
vs actor/observer bias which is when the star/you blame anything but themself
zimbardos study
did stanford prison experiment, assigned roles in basement, traumatic
studied power and obedience
