FINAL EXAM Flashcards
religion
origin means to bind, different meanings
pluralism
a philosophical approach to understanding religion which says that all religions have equal access to truth, none superior
*elephant metaphor of reality
dharma
meaning upholding duty
mix of calling and duty to help others
sindu
meaning river or sea
buddha
siddhartha gautma
prince + suffered
discovered four noble truths
four sights
disease, old age, corpse, sage (ascetic/spiritual leader)
vatican II
opened up by john XXIII
reaffirms stance on starting dialogue with other religions
religious diversity committee
exclusivism
the understanding that there is effectively no saving truth in any religion other than one’s own
one holds absolute truth
puja
a hindu offering ritual with bells and deities
karma
law of cause and effect, neutral
Dharma
the teachings of buddha
four noble truths
the problem: life is suffering and disease
the cause: suffering/disease is caused by craving or desire
the goal: the extinction of cravings or desire/reaching nirvana
explains how the human condition is weak and in reality we want things
nirvana
enlightenment
inclusivism
while only one belief system is true, aspects of its truth can be found in other religions
bhakti
“to worship, have recourse to, betake onself to”, which means “to break.”
used usually for vishnu
samsara
the cycle of death and rebirth caused by karma
sangha
the Buddhist community, which includes anyone who follows the teachings of the Buddha
emptiness
has a form, meaning nothing has an independent existence and everything is connected
letting go of temporary problems
what historical moments propelled the writing of nostra aetate?
the holocaust
what did theologians, daniel lou and rahner contribute to nostra aetate
created majority of it, said u dont have to understand other religions but have to respect it
how is nostra aetate a response to religious diversity?
by attempting to identify a difference in religions
is nostra aetate exclusivist, pluralist, or inclusivist
inclusivism because they say that other WRs have truth but reflect the truth of catholicism
when studying other religions, what is our responsibility as theologians and researchers?
to respect, listen, and learn
what appreciations and concerns does comparative theology bring?
appreciation of differences in culture, acceptance, respect
concerns of it being indoctrination into another religion
how did francis x. clooney define comparative theology?
defined it as “faith seeking understanding” across religious boundaries
coined term anonymous christan
what methods and findings did tiemeier and yelokar present?
methods:
parent, play, observation
findings: play leads to theological processing
correlation between sindu and hindu
The word “Hindu” is derived from the Sanskrit word “Sindhu,” which is the name of the Indus River
how does harappan artifacts showcase modern hindu belief and practice?
shows certain deities honored, practice of rituals
what is dharma, according to bhagavad gita and jay shetty?
means duty
The Bhagavad Gita teaches that righteous conduct and virtuous living are the best ways to preserve dharma.
represents a person’s calling. He explains that dharma is using your natural inclinations – what you thrive at – to serve others
krishna and holi
krishna: blue skin, cow, flute
krishna spreading radha’s face with color after envious of paleness
festival of colors and unity
vishnu and diwali
vishnu: snake, blue skin, four arms, lotus, turtle
rescued goddess from prison, symbolizes restoration of balance
cleaning of homes and buying new clothing for new beginnings, festival of lights
ganesh and ganesh chaturthi
elephant head, four arms, rat
remover of obstacles
placement of statues in businesses or paraded in water
durga + lakshmi and navatri
durga: tiger, lotus, bow
fought a demon + shows people how to tackle challenges
lakshmi: elephant, gold coins, lotus
garba: dancing ritual on navatri mimicking fight
aravan and koovagam
bigass head and ears, mustache, crown
sacrifices himself but wishes to marry before
hijras come to marry aravan, god of the temple, cut of thali
kali and kali puja
skulls, limbs, protruding tongue
fights demon for durga, destroyer of evil
offering ritual to satisfy her
how did siddhartha become buddha
was protected from suffering, escaped saw four sights, joined as a sage trying to find reason for suffering +not taken seriously
went alone and suffered and was helped by a little girl
compassion is the reason
how does emptiness contribute to the four noble truths?
emptiness is realizing there are bigger problems, letting go
how is meditation a form of buddhist practice?
it is a key tool used by Buddhists to cultivate inner peace, awareness, and understanding of the true nature of reality, allowing them to progress towards enlightenment
how is comparative theology an extension and celebration of nostra aetate
extension: by reinstating the idea that all religions should be respected even if not understood
celebration: honoring nostra aetate by keeping one’s faith tradition but acknowledging the truth in other WRs
how can you compare one aspect of hinduism and catholicism
kali puja and god in catholicism
using fear to be committed and honor similarity
difference women are not gods
how can you compare one aspect of buddhism and catholicism
enlightenment vs heaven in catholicism
the state of understanding the truth about suffering and the path to ending it vs suffering is not existing in heaven
rely on hope and guidance toward a path , to live better
