final exam prep Flashcards
What is the lead
Fifth intercostal space on the left midclavicular line
v4
What is the lead
Horizontal to V4 at midaxillary line
V6
Horizontal to V4 at left anterior auxiliary line
V5
Fourth intercostal space at left margin of sternum
V2
Fourth intercostal space at right margin of sternum
V1
Midway between V2 and V4
V3
The tricuspid valve us located between the
Right atrium and ventricle
A patient is considered to have hypertension if the blood pressure is consistently elevated above
140/90
Which of the following is a condition in which the heart pumps too weakly to supply the body with blood
Heart failure
Which of the following conditions involves the localized inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
Lead I of an EKG attaches to
RA-LA
Lead II of an EKG attaches to
RA-LL
Lead III of an EKG attaches to
LA-LL
Which augmented lead is this Ra and (LA-LL)
aVR
Which augmented lead is this La and (RA-LL)
aVL
Which augmented lead is this LL and (RA-LA)
aVF
When using a halter monitor the ECG electrodes are attached to a patients
Chest wall
When placing the ECG electrodes on a patients lower leg the connectors should point
up
The bipolar leads are attached to which part of the body
Upper utter arms and inner lower calves
The first part of the cardiac cycle is called
Atrial depolarization
The ______ walls are thin one cell structures
capillary
blopod flows out from the ___ and into the aorta
Left ventricle
Which ECG lead records the voltage difference between left arm and the left leg
Lead III
What’s is the foremost contributing factor to stroke and kidney damage
Hypertension
The ___ records the heart voltage difference between the left leg electrode and a central point between the right arm and left arm
aVF
Med term Cardi/o
Heart
Med term Phleb/o
Vein
Med term Angi/o
Vessel
Med term Thromb/o
Clot
Med term Atri/o
Atrium
What is flow of the cardiac cycle
Superior/inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid AV Right Ventricle Semilunar pulmonic valve Pulmonary artery Lungs for co2, o2 back in Pulmonary veins Left atrium bicuspid AV Left ventricle Semilunar aortic valve Aorta
Starts all over 24/7 365 a year until we pass
Which disease is commonly known as whopping cough
Pertusis
The lymph tissue in the ____ intercepts antigens invading the upper respiratory tract
Tonsils and adenoids
Needles should be ___ after they have been used
Placed in a puncture-proof container
An autoclave is used for
Sterilization
You should not use any sterile package if it More then ___ from the time it was sterilized
30 days
define microorganisms power to produce a disease
Virulence
Parasites that depend completely on their host for survival
obligate parasite
Single celled internal parasite that have a true nucleus and survive on living matter
Protozoa
Microorganisms that cause disease
Pathogens
Cohabitation of microorganisms that live in or within an organism to provide a natural immunity against certain infections
Normal flora
multicellular parasite that live on the surface of a host and include scabies and lice
ectoparasites
Microorganisms that need oxygen to grow
aerobes
Microorganisms that grow best in the absence of oxygen
anaerobes
Branch of the immune response system that results from T cell activity
Cell-mediated immune response
Drugs that are incorporated into the DNA of HIV and stop the building process, slowing the spread of HIV
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Ability to engulf and destroy antigens
phagocytosis
Group of disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
Cell-mediated immune response
Immature cells that have little ability to fight infection
Monoctyes
Blood test used to measure the presence of different classes of immunoglobulin
Serum protein electrophoresis
Branch of the immune response system that results from B cell activity
Antibody- mediated immune response
Lymphocyte destroyer
cortisol
Group of genes that encode molecules found in all body cells, creating a biochemical “fingerprint” that serves as the “ID” for cells that they are marked as “self”
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
Yeast infection that is sometimes present in the mouth, esophagus, and vagina
candidiasis
Drugs that prevent HIV replication by inhibiting a viral protein
Non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Substances that announce their foreigners by carrying different kinds of characteristics shapes, called epitopes, which stick out from the surface
Antigens
Family of proteins that can fight viruses
Interferon
Form of cancer that appears as purplish blotches on the skin
kaposi’s sarcoma
Newer type of drug used to prevent HIV from entering healthy T cells
Fusion inhibitor
Painful blister on the lips is a symptom of
Herpes simplex virus
Which of the following is NOT one of the five characteristics on infectious microorganisms
- viruses
- parasites
- chloroplasts
- rickettsiae
chloroplasts
Chain of infection 1-6 (I,R,P,M,E,S)
- Infectious agent
- reservoir or source
- Portal of exit of source
- Means of transmission
- Entry of host or source
- Susceptible host
(I,R,P,M,E,S)
Hepatitis is an inflammation and infection of the
Liver
The correct order of the phases of the digestive process , from start rot finish, is (IDAE)
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination (IDAE)
Bulging pouches in the wall of the GI tract where the lining has pushed into the surrounding muscle is characteristics of
diverticulosis
A spree to overindulge such as with alcohol or food
Binge
To be deprived ;without; having to do without or unable to use
Deprivation
Absence of menses; without menstruation
Amenorrhea
One suffering from anorexia
Anorexic
To become abnormally thin; loss of too much weight
Emaciation
An organic combination of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as a sugar , a starch, or cellulose
carbohydrate
One who is trained in dietetics, which includes nutrition, and in charge of the diet of an institution
Dietitian
A unit for measuring the heart value of food
calorie
Substance deliberately added to a material to fulfill some specific purpose such as enhancing taste or color or prolonging shelf life
additive
Disease resulting from lack of vitamin b, thiamine
beriberi
When the partially digested food in the stomach is changed into a semiliquid state
Chyme
The presence of bulging pouches in the wall of the GI tract where the lining has pushed into the surrounding muscle
Diverticulosis
Gas
Flatus
A three inch long instrument used to examine the lower rectum and anal canal
proctoscope
Chronic disease of the liver causes destruction of the liver cells
Cirrhosis
Surgical opening of the ileum that allows the chyme of the small intestine to empty through the abdominal wall
ileostomy
The first of three sections of the colon, a C-shaped segment about nine inches long
duodenum
The surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
Also refered to a gastric (stomach) ulcer
Peptic
Used to perform an examination to view the lower portion of the sigmoid and rectum through a 10-12 inch sigmoidoscope
sigmoidoscopy
Has two layers of involuntary muscles the inner layer forms circles around it, where as the outer layer runs longitudinally along its approximately 10 inches long
Esophagus
Gallstones
cholelithiasis
Inflammation of the colon that causes tenderness and discomfort
Colitis
The connecting chain of organs of the gastrointestinal tract
Alimentary canal
The combination of mashed food and substances and saliva
bolus
The bile is absorbed into the bloodstream , producing the yellow discoloration of the sclera, mucosa, and skin
Jaundice
A patients condition interferes with the ability to control the anus, as in a stroke with paralysis and the rectum empties whenever the nerve impulse is triggered
Incontinent
Once food is swallowed its movement through thru body is Manistee by smooth involuntary muscle action called
peristalsis
Cirrhosis is a disease of the
Liver
Occult blood test will
Detect blood in feces
Where does mechanical digestion occur
Mouth
Which organ is responsible for the secretion of bile
Liver
Urine is produced through
Secretion
The major work of the urinary system is performed by the
Kidneys
Which of the following is considered an invasive procedure
Catheterization
Before performing an intravenous pyelography (IVP), it is extremely important to determine if the patient has an allergic reaction response to ?:
Barium
Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder usually caused by an ascending organism introduced through the
meatus
Correctly identify the two types dialysis
Hemodialysis and peritoneal
In the male, the urethra is about ___ inches long
8
Which kidney is displaced by the liver
Right
Women who have had cystitis a few times can identify the characteristic symptoms and will start to drink water and ___?
Cranberry juice
The treatment for pyelonephritis consists primarily of
Antibiotics
