Final Exam - Old Test Questions 2010 Flashcards
Protein kinase R is an anti-viral enzyme that:
a. activates the transcription factor NF-kB to induce IFN-α/ß gene expression b. stimulates the activational receptors on NK cells c. induces isotype switching to favor IgA production d. inhibits viral protein synthesis by activating RNase L e. is activated following engagement of acute phase protein receptors f. none of the above
h
A virus could avoid being cleared by the immune system by:
a. blocking synthesis of MHC class I molecules b. producing virokines that suppress Tc activity c. preventing peptide processing and transport to the endoplasmic reticulum d. disrupting interferon signalling e. all of the above f. none of the above
h
The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it:
a. fails to activate VDJ gene rearrangement b. is expensive c. causes non-specific activation of macrophages d. provides short-term immunity e. requires species-matched scavenger receptors
h
Which pathogen associated molecular pattern is found only in Gram negative organisms?
a. lipopolysaccharide b. flagella c. peptidoglycan d. unmethylated CpG DNA e. teichoic acid(s)
h
A bacterium may evade complement action by which mechanism(s)?
a. secreting toxins that kill lymphocytes b. cleaving surface-bound IgG c. expression of siderophores d. having flagella (being mobile) e. b, c, and d only above
h
Which enzyme(s) induces mutations in the genome of certain viruses?
a. elongation factor 1 b. RNaseL c. ADAR-1 d. Mx proteins e. superoxide disumutase f. a and b above
h
C reactive protein is an acute phase protein that:
a. causes hepatocytes to produce IFN-gamma b. accelerates Th0 cell maturation into Th1 cells c. accelerates Th0 cell maturation into Th2 cells d. can opsonize bacteria e. accelerates Th0 cell maturation into Th17 cells f. none of the above
h
Clostridium tetani causes disease due to the presence of tetanospasmin, a toxin that blocks neurotransmitter release. Animals vaccinated with a tetanus toxoid vaccine are resistant to the effects of C. tetani infection through:
a. TLR-9 signals b. enhanced phagocytosis of the bacterium c. elimination of the toxin by T cells d. toxin neutralization by antibody e. mast cell degranulation f. CD14 g. none of the above
h
The NOD mouse strain is a good model for studying:
a. Johne’s disease b. cancer metastases c. diabetes d. atopic dermatitis e. the autoimmune component of osteogenesis imperfecta
h
A bacterial protein that is used to chelate iron is a:
a. siderophore b. cartmannin c. superantigen d. ferritin-like apolipoprotein e. teichoic acid f. catalase
h
How do some bacteria escape being killed within the phagolysosome?
a. they block fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome b. they escape into the cytoplasm c. some bacteria express superoxide dismutase and/or catalase d. they produce cytokine receptor decoys e. all of the above f. a, b and c only above
h
Viruses replicate within cells. How do antibodies help in defense against viruses?
a. they participate in ADCC b. they penetrate into infected host cells and bind to viral proteins c. they stimulate expression of Type I interferons d. antibodies facilitate mast cell degranulation e. none of the above
h
Adjuvants promote the immune response against an antigen by:
a. creating a hapten-carrier complex b. prolonging the retention of the antigen in the body c. activating acute phase protein production d. attenuating the virulence of a live pathogen used for vaccination e. all of the above f. none of the above
h
What is one basis for the effectiveness of IL-2 mediated cytokine therapy for tumors?
a. activation of antibody VDJ gene rearrangement b. acceleration of T cell receptor gene rearrangement c. enhancing NK cell function d. increasing TLR-9 gene expression and signal transduction e. direct inhibition of tumor angiogenesis
h
Which of the following is NOT a reason for vaccine failure against a pathogen?
a. the animal encountered a very virulent strain of the pathogen b. the vaccine did not stimulate IgA antibodies c. the recipient animal was too ill to respond to the vaccine d. the vaccination was not performed early enough to permit adaptive immunity to occur e. vaccination was against the wrong strain of the organism
h
A genetic mutation in which toll-like receptor was associated with susceptibility (or lack of immunity) against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis?
a. TLR-2 b. TLR-3 c. TLR-4 d. TLR-9 e. all of the above
h
Which disease is characterized by antibodies against islet cells? __________________________________
h
. The inflammatory part of endotoxin is the __________________________________________________________.
h
Which pattern receptor(s) specifically recognizes virus derived double-stranded RNA?
h
. Name one type of vaccine that is safer than a killed/inactivated vaccine:
h
Incomplete Freund’s adjuvant consists of what components?
h
Name one way skin contributes to innate immunity:
h
Briefly describe the role of eosinophils in defense against parasitic infections. 3 points
h
What are three ways that NK cells contribute to immunity against viruses? 3 points
h
What are three properties or components of tears and saliva make them antimicrobial? 3 points
h
