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nutrition 132 exam number 2 > Final exam nutrition > Flashcards

Final exam nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypertension?

A

Higher than normal blood pressure

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2
Q

What are some factors that indrease the risk for hypertension?

A 
Salty or pickled foods
Diets high in saturated or trans fats
diets low in vitamins and/or minerals
excessive alcohol
age
enverionment smoking 
stress
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3
Q

What are factors that increase risks for cancer?

A

diets high in salty, pickled foods, saturated/trans fats, low fruits & vegs, age, environment (same as hypertension)

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4
Q

In terms of diety, what step are we trying to stop in the frist place for cancer?

A

Initiation

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5
Q

Healthy blood pressure level is at?

A

120/80

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6
Q

borderline blood pressulre level is at?

A

120/80- 139/89

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7
Q

unealthy blood pressure is at?

A

140/90

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8
Q

What are ways people can decrease their risks for cancer?

A

be as lean as possible, physical activity, eat plant foods, limit drinks

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9
Q

What are ways people can decrease their blood pressure through diet and lifestyle? DASH

A

Eating grains, vegs, fruits, fat-free milk, lean meats, nuts, seeds, legumes, fats/oils, sweets and added sugars. all in portion control

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10
Q

What general factors can make food unsafe?

A
  • Natural toxins in foods
  • Pesticides
  • unsafe handling
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11
Q

What is a foodborne illness outbreak?

A

two or more cases of a disease arising from an aidentical organism acquired from a common food source withing a limited time frame.

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12
Q

Who is the most vulnerable to foodborne illness?

A

-pregnant women
-newborn
-older adults
-people with weakened immune system like:
aids, cancer, ill in general

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13
Q

Why are we concerned about certain microbes in our foods & how can they hurt us?

A

poisonous substance

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14
Q

What are the problem foods in terms of foodborne illness?

A
  • ground meat
  • poultry
  • sea food
  • eggs
  • produce
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15
Q

who should you call if you contract foodbrone illness and know what restaurant “gave” it to you?

A

LA County, Long Beach, Orange county health services

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16
Q

If you have foodborne illness, when should you seek medical attention?

A
  • bloody stool
  • headache with muscle stiffness and fever
  • rapid heart rate, fainting, dizziness
  • fever longer than 24hrs
  • diarrhea more than 3 days
  • numbness, muscle weakness, singling sensation in skin
  • dehydration
  • severe intestinal cramps
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17
Q

Define HACCP?

A

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point )HACCP)
systematic plan to identify and correct potential microbial hazards in the manufacturing distribution, commercial use of food products

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18
Q

Define pasturization?

A

the treatment of milk, juices, or eggs with heat suffiecient to kill certain pathogens commonly transmitted through these foods

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19
Q

Define ultra-high temperature?

A

a process of sterilizing food by exposing it a short time to temperatures above those normally used in processing.

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20
Q

What are 4 main ways to keep food safe at home?

A

Clean: wash hands and surfaces
Separate: don’t cross-contaminate
Cook: cook to proper tems
Chill: humidity increases microbes growth

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21
Q

What do microbes need to grow?

A

They need moisture, & the right temperature
danger zone 40-140 degrees F
To stope growth: sanatizing & keeping food out of temp danger zone

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22
Q

What is the 2,2,4 rule?

A

2:refrigerate food withing 2 hours of cooking
2: container should be 2 inches deep
4: use or freeze within 4 days or throw it out
(except gravy and stuffing use in 2 days)

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23
Q

Should you eat gree potatoes?

A

No because it has solanine (natural toxin)

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24
Q

What is irradiation?

A

application of ionizing radiation to foods to reduce insect infestation and/or microbial contaminator slow the ripening or sprouting process
-potatoes, spices, strawberries, tomatoes, poultry
Pros &cons: delays rippening, kills bacteria. Birth defects, cancer etc on consumer

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25
how can you reduce your pesticide intake?
Wash produce trim fat from meat use a knife to peel an orange or grapefruit consider buying organic food
26
Define placenta what does it do?
develops inside the uterus - delivers blood and nutriets to baby via the umbilical chord - baby floats in fluid-filled amniotic sac
27
What can happen if a mother has poor nutrition?
-low birth weight (less than 2500g or 5.5lbs) higher risk of death prior to 5yrs old -possible increased risk for obesity, diabetes -birth defects -complications
28
What is spina bifida?
a common neural tube defect that occurse when the verbebrae of the spine fail to close around the spinal chord, leaving in unprotected.
29
What nutrient is linked to prevention of spina bifida?
Vitamin B folate.
30
How can men and women prepare for a healthy pregnancy?
aim for healthy wieght, eating healthy avoiding excess alcohool, excess heat, environmental toxins
31
What nutritents are needed during pregnancy and lactation?
-protein -vitamin B6 -Iron Vitamin C iodine?
32
Individual nutrients that relate to a baby's development
``` Brain & neutral development -folante, DHA/EPA (healthy fats) Protein synthesis, cell division -protein -zinc Blood Building -Iron, vitamin B12 Bone Building -Calcium, vitamin D, Magnesium ```
33
what should pregnant women eat?
``` Whole grains leafy greens orange fruits/vegs lean protein eggs beans, lentil milk water nuts/seeds ```
34
What are key nutrients in prenatal supplements?
Calcium Iron folate
35
What is WIC?
a federally funded national program for teen moms, low income women/families that provides vouchers for nutritious foods Nutrition Education Formula
36
Extra calorie needs by trimester & expected gain weight
``` 1st trimester: no added calories needed weeks 0-13: 1-4 pounds total 2nd trimester: 340 cals added weeks 14-26 2-4 lbs total 3rd trimester: 450 cals added weeks 27-40: 2-4lbs per month ```
37
Recommened birth weight gain
underweight: 20-40lbs healthy wieght: 20-35lbs overweight: 15-25lbs Obese: 11-20lbs
38
Where does weight gain come from during pregnancy?
lean tissue: placentia, uterus, blood, milk-producing glands, and the fetus
39
What foods and substances should pregnant and lactating women avoid?
reduced caffeine (150-200mg max) alcohol listeria smoking/drugs
40
What is listeria?
bacteria that can cause fetal brain infection -soft cheeses, smoked seafood, raw or udercooked meat/fish, heat hot dogs and lunch meeat wash fruits & vegs drink only pasturized juice or milk
41
What causes food cravings?
hormones | follow cravings to a point
42
how can women treat nausea?
avoid strong odors | crackers, sparkling water
43
how can woment alleviate/prevent constipation?
eat foods high in fiber exercise daily drink 8 glasses of water
44
how to alleviate/prevent heartburn?
``` Relax & eat slow chew food thoroughly eat small, frequent meals drink liquids between meals avoid spicy/greasy foods ```
45
What are guidelines for exercising during pregnancy?
now jerking bouncing, risk of falling low impact water aerobics, walking, rowing, light weight training, yoga is okay!
46
What to feed a baby from birth to 6 months?
-colostrum: early breast milk because it has antibiodies & white blood cells from mother. it protects from illnes and promotes optimal intelligence water unflavored pedialyte if diarrhea or vomitting vitamin D -400/day
47
What is a certified lactation consultant?
educates on how to properly breastfeed
48
explain how pumping breast milk works and why women do it?
some work because it enables them to store it and feed by bottle brain->petuitary gland-> milk production and letdown of milk
49
how do you know if a baby is getting enough breast milk?
baby should have 6-8 wet diapers per day weght gain monitored babies self regulate feed every 2-3 hrs
50
Infant formula
commercial formulas in the U.S. are safe and suffcient if breast feeding is not an option -chooseone with DHA/ARA
51
Breast milk is mostly what?
Fat
52
At what age should babies start solid foods?
``` at 6 moths should start with baby rice cereal sweet potato avocado banana ```
53
How should you progress foods for babies?
Introduce one food at a time and continue for 3 days before starting next food to test for allergies
54
Best foods for babies include:
``` sweet potato banana, applesauce, peaches, apricots meatsh, fish, poultry olive oil, avocado egg yolk (no white until 1 yr old) baby yogurt ```
55
What should you not give a baby until 1 yr old?
``` cows milk egg withes nuts or nut butters lots of juice(dilute in water) or bottle ```
56
toddlers should eat?
``` small finger foods "rule of thumb" fruits vegs whole milk (1-2yrs) low fat milk (2+) ```
57
key nutrients for teens
``` protein fiber calcium vitamin D Iron Water ```
58
What age groups are older adults included in?
anyone over 65 yrs old | over 85-oldest old
59
What are 6 positive practices for a long healthy life?
``` 1- abstinence from/moderation of alcohol 2- regular nutritious meals 3-weight control 4-adequate sleep 5-abstinence from smoking 6- regular physical activity ```
60
Every decade past 50yrs of age, energy needs decrase by
5%
61
What is normal BMI for older adults?
25-32
62
What are tihngs you can do to hlep prevent involuntary wieght loss for older adults?
small, frequent meals fav foods stay active to maintain appetite
63
What are benefits of exercise for older adults?
``` bone health muscle mass incerase energy & appetite healthy immune system mental function psychological health ```
64
DETERMINE
``` Disease Eating poorly Tooth loss or mouth pain Economic harship Reduced social contact Multiple medications Involuntary weight loss or gain Needs assistance Elderly person ```
65
What are the "dwindles"
compounding frailties in the elderly: - decreased physical ability to function - diminished mental function - malnutrition - social withdrawl - weght loss
66
What specific nutritients should be given as supplements?
B12 Vitamin D calcium
67
What are examples of name brand supplements that can help the elderly whose appetites are low?
Boost | Ensure
68
What are examples of community programs that help provide good nutrition to older adults?
Meals on wheels | farmers markets

nutrition 132 exam number 2 (2 decks)

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