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Marine Biolog > Final Exam New Material > Flashcards

Final Exam New Material Flashcards

1
Q

organisms that live burrowed into 1-2 inches of the sea floor, within the bottom most oceanic sediments ex/ worms

A

Infauna

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2
Q

live on surface of the sea floor ex/ sea cucumber (deposit feeder)

A

Epifauna

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3
Q

tiny animals that live in the sediment particles, between the grains. They feed on small particles or dissolved organics matter or bacteria

A

Meiofauna

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4
Q

larger animals that graze the meiofauna

A

Macrofauna

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5
Q

cold loving

A

Psychrophilic

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6
Q

pressure loving

A

Barophilic

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7
Q

how life adapts to deep sea environment

A
  • adaptations to pressure
  • adaptations to cold
  • adaptations to dark
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8
Q

what are the deep sea communities

A

1) hydrothermal vents
2) cold/methane seeps
3) whale falls.

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9
Q

the breakdown of ocean substrates by living organisms

A

bioerosion

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10
Q

move up and down with the tide in order to stay with sediment that is moist but not turned over by wave action

A

swash-riding

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11
Q

the accumulation of sediment on the surface from burrowing and desiccation of infauna

A

bioturbation

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12
Q

hardbotom communities

A

1) rocky intertidal
- vertical zonation
2) subtidal photic zone
- kelp forst- rocky bottoms of subtidal
3) deep hard bottom

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13
Q

highly effective, uses a mesh net. Size is variable depending on what size fish.

A

gill net

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14
Q

long line floating or demersal angling or hand line

A

hook and line

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15
Q

drug by a boat. Used to capture schooling fish like tuna.

A

bottom otter trawl

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16
Q

the largest number or weight of a species that can be removed from the stock of animals without impacting the long-term stability of the population. This is based on the fishery stock

A

sustainable yield

17
Q

number of species in a given area

A

population size

18
Q

measure of the amount of fishing ex/ hours of fishing spent per day

A

fishing effort

19
Q

the amount of fish that are allowed to be fished from year to year, assuming that environment conditions are the same.

A

sustainable catch

20
Q

major effects of overfishing

A
  • change of the food web
  • jellyfish bloom
  • destruction of kelp forest
  • affect genetic diversity
21
Q

The application of farming techniques to the growth and harvesting of marine organisms. Fish farming

A

mariculture

22
Q

how to use salt and water from the ocean

A

-extraction to table salt
-sea water distilation
-mineral resources
-mineral deposit in oceans as fossil fuels
REVERSE OSMOSIS TO GENERATE SALT FROM PRESSURE

23
Q

perpetual energy source and how they are used

A

something that is not consumed by human use

1) tidal energy
2) temperature gradient (OTEC)

24
Q

The concentration of pollutants or toxins in higher trophic levels of a food chain

A

biological magnification

25
Q

– Enrichment of an ecosystem with chemical nutrient, typically compounds containing nitrogen, phosphorous or both- fertilizer run off and creates algal blooms and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.
– Nutrient pollution- coliform bacteria

A

eutrophication

26
Q

ecological effects of an oil spill

A
  • absorbant blooms

- oil eating microbes

27
Q

effects f global warming

A
  • changes in species distribution
  • changes in pH
  • effects on coral reefs
28
Q

the study of the historical process that may be responsible for the contemporary geographic distribution of individuals.

A

phylgeography

29
Q

the total number of species in a region is the result of a net balance between the rate of species production and the rate of extinction

A

species extinction balance

30
Q

how to conserve marine biodiversity

A
  • eco labeling
  • marine reserves
  • restoration of habitats by transplantation of key species and artificial reefs
  • estimating diversity
31
Q

separation by a big physical barrier between the two species. when they have a chance to come back together they can not breed

A

allopatric

32
Q

type of allopatrick when one of the isolated populations has very few individulas (Founder effect)

A

peripatric

33
Q

doesnt igknowledge geological separation. individuals are more likely to mate witht heir geographic neighbors than with individuals in a different population

A

parapatric

34
Q

when a new species evolves from a single ancestral species while in the same geographic region

A

sympatric

Marine Biolog (3 decks)

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