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Spinal > Final Exam Myology of the Back > Flashcards

Final Exam Myology of the Back Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the muscles attaching to spinous processes represent layer one of the true back?

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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2
Q

Which of the muscles attaching to spinous processes represent layer two of the true back?

A

rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

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3
Q

Which muscles attaching to transverse processes represent layer two of the true back?

A

levator scapulae

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4
Q

The trapezius is innervated by what nerve?

A

the spinal accessory nerve

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5
Q

The latissimus dorsi is innervated by what nerve?

A

the thoracodorsal nerve

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6
Q

What forms the thoracodorsal nerve innervating the latissimus dorsi?

A

ventral rami from C6-C8

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7
Q

Which of the muscles of the true back are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

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8
Q

What forms the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

the ventral ramus of C5

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9
Q

What part of the vertebra forms the osseous origin for the splenius muscles?

A

the spinous process

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10
Q

Splenius capitis will attach to what locations on the skull?

A

mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius capitis?

A

dorsal rami of middle cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5 cord levels)

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12
Q

Splenius cervicis will attach to what locations on the spine?

A

lateral mass of C1 and posterior tubercle of transverse process on C1-C4

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerves (C5-C7 cord levels)

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14
Q

Which muscles represent the fourth layer of the true back?

A

the erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles

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15
Q

Which muscles are identified as erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles?

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis lumborum?

A

dorsal rami of lower thoracic and all lumbar spinal nerves

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17
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum?

A

spinous processes of L1-L5

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18
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum?

A

iliac crest of the innominate bone

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19
Q

Which subdivision of the iliocostalis musclwe appears to have a reversal of origin - insertion?

A

iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum

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20
Q

What is the origin for the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

costal angles of the lower 6-7 ribs (rib 5 or 6-rib 12)

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21
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

costal angles of the upper 6-7 ribs, transverse process of C7

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22
Q

What osseous part of the vertebral column serves as an insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

transverse process of C7

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23
Q

Which subdivision of the iliocostalis primaril originates and inserts on ribs?

A

iliocostalis thoracis

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of upper 6 thoracic spinal nerves (T1-T6 cord levels)

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25
Q

What is the origin for the iliocostalis cervicis?

A

costal angles of the upper 3-6 ribs (ribs 1-3 or ribs 1-6)

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26
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis cervicis?

A

posterior tubercle of transverse process of C(3) C4-C6

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27
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of T1, T2 spinal nerves, sometimes C8 spinal nerve (C8, T1, T2 cord levels)

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28
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis?

A

accessory process and transverse processes of L1-L5, spinous processes of L3-L5 and median sacral crest S1-S3

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29
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis?

A

transverse tubercle of all thoracic segments between tubercle and costal angle of the lower 9-10 ribs (rib2 or 3-rib 12)

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30
Q

Which erector spinae muscle is attached to the accessory process?

A

longissimus thoracis

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31
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of all thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (cord levels T1-T12, L1-L5)

32
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars lumborum?

A

accessory process and medial part of transverse process of L1-5

33
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis pars lumborum?

A

posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) of the innominate bone

34
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column site serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars thoracis?

A

spinous processes of L3-L5 and median sacral crest S1-S3

35
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis pars thoracis?

A

transaverse process of all thoracis, between tubercle and costal angel of all ribs (ribs 1- ribs 12)

36
Q

Which subdivision of the longissimus muscle appears to have a reversal or origin - insertion?

A

longissimus thoracis pars lumborum

37
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an insertion for the longissimus cervicis?

A

posterior tubercle of transverse processes from C2-C6 or C7, articular processes from C2-C6 or C7

38
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of C4-8 and T1-2 spinal nerves (C4-8 and T1-2 cord levels)

39
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus capitis?

A

transverse tubercle of T1-T5 and articular processes of C4-7

40
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus capitis?

A

mastoid process of temporal bone

41
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus capitis?

A

dorsal rami of C1-C3 or C4 spinal nerves, (C1-C3 or C4 cord levels)

42
Q

Which erector spinae muscles attach to cervical articular processes?

A

longissimus cervicis and longissimus capitits

43
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral columns erve as an origin to the spinalis thoracis?

A

spinous processes of T11 and T12-L1 and L2

44
Q

What is the insertion for the spinalis thoracis?

A

spinous process of T1-T4 or as low as T8

45
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of all thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves

46
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis cervicis?

A

spinous process of C7 and T1-T6

47
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an insertion for the spinalis cervicis?

A

spinous processes from C2-C4

48
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of all cervical spinal nerves (C1-C8 cord levels)

49
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis capitis?

A

spinous process of C7 and T1-T6 or T7

50
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis capitis?

A

dorsal rami of lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal nerves

51
Q

which muscles are identified as transversospinalis muscles?

A

semispinalis, multifidis and rotators

52
Q

How many vertebrae can be attached to a single segment by transversospinalis muscles?

A

as many as nine vertebrae

53
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis thoracis?

A

transverse tubercles of T6-10 or as low as T12

54
Q

What segment will represent the lowest attachment site for the semispinalis thoracis?

A

T12

55
Q

What is the insertion for the semispinalis thoracis?

A

spinous processes of C6-7 and T1-4

56
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of T1-6 spinal nerves (cord levels T1-6)

57
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis cervicis?

A

transverse tubercles of T1-5 or T6 and articular processes of C4-7

58
Q

What is the insertion for the semispinalis cervicis?

A

spinous processes of C2-5

59
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves (cord levels C6-C8)

60
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis capitis?

A

transverse tubercles of C7, T1-T6 or T7 and articular processes of C4-C6

61
Q

What is the insertion for the semispinalis capitis?

A

below the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

62
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis capitis?

A

dorsal rami of C1-C6 spinal nerves (cord levels C1-C6)

63
Q

The semispinalis capitis and spinalis capitis may fuse to form what muscles?

A

biventer cervicis

64
Q

What regional subdivisions are now identified with multifidis muscles?

A

lumbar multifidis, thoracic multifidis and cervical multifids

65
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the classic multifidis?

A

articular process of C4-C7, transverse processes of T1-T12, mammillary processes of L1-L5 and the dorsal surface of S1-S4 or S5

66
Q

What is the insertion for the classic multifidis?

A

spinous process 3-5 segments above the origin

67
Q

Which transversospinalis muscle attaches to articular and mammillary processes along the spine?

A

multifidis

68
Q

Contraction of the classic multifidis will result in what movements of the vertebral column?

A

lateral flexion and rotation of the spine, maintains the lumbar lordotic curve and prevents entrapment of zygapophyseal capsular ligament during movement

69
Q

What is the attachment site and most cranial vertebra of insertion for the multifidis?

A

spinous process of C2

70
Q

Contraction of multifidis cervices will result in what movements?

A

alters the zygapophyseal capsular ligament response to load distribution determines the cervical spine response to injury as evidenced by neck pain and is a significant contributor to postural control of the head and neck

71
Q

Which subdivision of multifidis may demonstrate a reversal of origin - insertion?

A

multifidis lumborum

72
Q

Contraction of multifidis lumborum will result in what movements?

A

lateral flexion and rotation of the lumbar spine, maintains the lumbar lordotic curve and prevents entrapment of lumbar sygapophyseal capsular ligament during movement

73
Q

Which muscles of the spine exhibit a reversal of the expected origin - insertion combination?

A

iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum, longissimus thoracic pars lumborum and multifidis lumborum

74
Q

Rotator muscles are typically identified in what region of the spine?

A

the thoracic region

75
Q

What will replace muscles spanning one or two segmental levels in the cervicals and lumbars?

A

deep layers of the multifidis

76
Q

Contraction of rotator longus will result in what movements?

A

rotation of the segment of insertion, bilaterally acts to weakly extend spine

77
Q

What innervates the rotators?

A

dorsal rami at the level of insertion are believed to do so

Spinal (10 decks)

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