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Final Exam Myology of the Back Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the muscles attaching to spinous processes represent layer one of the true back?

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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2
Q

Which of the muscles attaching to spinous processes represent layer two of the true back?

A

rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

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3
Q

Which muscles attaching to transverse processes represent layer two of the true back?

A

levator scapulae

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4
Q

The trapezius is innervated by what nerve?

A

the spinal accessory nerve

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5
Q

The latissimus dorsi is innervated by what nerve?

A

the thoracodorsal nerve

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6
Q

What forms the thoracodorsal nerve innervating the latissimus dorsi?

A

ventral rami from C6-C8

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7
Q

Which of the muscles of the true back are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

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8
Q

What forms the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

the ventral ramus of C5

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9
Q

What part of the vertebra forms the osseous origin for the splenius muscles?

A

the spinous process

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10
Q

Splenius capitis will attach to what locations on the skull?

A

mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius capitis?

A

dorsal rami of middle cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5 cord levels)

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12
Q

Splenius cervicis will attach to what locations on the spine?

A

lateral mass of C1 and posterior tubercle of transverse process on C1-C4

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerves (C5-C7 cord levels)

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14
Q

Which muscles represent the fourth layer of the true back?

A

the erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles

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15
Q

Which muscles are identified as erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles?

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis lumborum?

A

dorsal rami of lower thoracic and all lumbar spinal nerves

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17
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum?

A

spinous processes of L1-L5

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18
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum?

A

iliac crest of the innominate bone

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19
Q

Which subdivision of the iliocostalis musclwe appears to have a reversal of origin - insertion?

A

iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum

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20
Q

What is the origin for the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

costal angles of the lower 6-7 ribs (rib 5 or 6-rib 12)

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21
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

costal angles of the upper 6-7 ribs, transverse process of C7

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22
Q

What osseous part of the vertebral column serves as an insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

transverse process of C7

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23
Q

Which subdivision of the iliocostalis primaril originates and inserts on ribs?

A

iliocostalis thoracis

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of upper 6 thoracic spinal nerves (T1-T6 cord levels)

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25
What is the origin for the iliocostalis cervicis?
costal angles of the upper 3-6 ribs (ribs 1-3 or ribs 1-6)
26
What is the insertion for the iliocostalis cervicis?
posterior tubercle of transverse process of C(3) C4-C6
27
What is the innervation of the iliocostalis cervicis?
dorsal rami of T1, T2 spinal nerves, sometimes C8 spinal nerve (C8, T1, T2 cord levels)
28
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis?
accessory process and transverse processes of L1-L5, spinous processes of L3-L5 and median sacral crest S1-S3
29
What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis?
transverse tubercle of all thoracic segments between tubercle and costal angle of the lower 9-10 ribs (rib2 or 3-rib 12)
30
Which erector spinae muscle is attached to the accessory process?
longissimus thoracis
31
What is the innervation of the longissimus thoracis?
dorsal rami of all thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (cord levels T1-T12, L1-L5)
32
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars lumborum?
accessory process and medial part of transverse process of L1-5
33
What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis pars lumborum?
posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) of the innominate bone
34
What osseous parts of the vertebral column site serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars thoracis?
spinous processes of L3-L5 and median sacral crest S1-S3
35
What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis pars thoracis?
transaverse process of all thoracis, between tubercle and costal angel of all ribs (ribs 1- ribs 12)
36
Which subdivision of the longissimus muscle appears to have a reversal or origin - insertion?
longissimus thoracis pars lumborum
37
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an insertion for the longissimus cervicis?
posterior tubercle of transverse processes from C2-C6 or C7, articular processes from C2-C6 or C7
38
What is the innervation of the longissimus cervicis?
dorsal rami of C4-8 and T1-2 spinal nerves (C4-8 and T1-2 cord levels)
39
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus capitis?
transverse tubercle of T1-T5 and articular processes of C4-7
40
What is the insertion for the longissimus capitis?
mastoid process of temporal bone
41
What is the innervation of the longissimus capitis?
dorsal rami of C1-C3 or C4 spinal nerves, (C1-C3 or C4 cord levels)
42
Which erector spinae muscles attach to cervical articular processes?
longissimus cervicis and longissimus capitits
43
What osseous parts of the vertebral columns erve as an origin to the spinalis thoracis?
spinous processes of T11 and T12-L1 and L2
44
What is the insertion for the spinalis thoracis?
spinous process of T1-T4 or as low as T8
45
What is the innervation of the spinalis thoracis?
dorsal rami of all thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves
46
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis cervicis?
spinous process of C7 and T1-T6
47
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an insertion for the spinalis cervicis?
spinous processes from C2-C4
48
What is the innervation of the spinalis cervicis?
dorsal rami of all cervical spinal nerves (C1-C8 cord levels)
49
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis capitis?
spinous process of C7 and T1-T6 or T7
50
What is the innervation of the spinalis capitis?
dorsal rami of lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal nerves
51
which muscles are identified as transversospinalis muscles?
semispinalis, multifidis and rotators
52
How many vertebrae can be attached to a single segment by transversospinalis muscles?
as many as nine vertebrae
53
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis thoracis?
transverse tubercles of T6-10 or as low as T12
54
What segment will represent the lowest attachment site for the semispinalis thoracis?
T12
55
What is the insertion for the semispinalis thoracis?
spinous processes of C6-7 and T1-4
56
What is the innervation of the semispinalis thoracis?
dorsal rami of T1-6 spinal nerves (cord levels T1-6)
57
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis cervicis?
transverse tubercles of T1-5 or T6 and articular processes of C4-7
58
What is the insertion for the semispinalis cervicis?
spinous processes of C2-5
59
What is the innervation of the semispinalis cervicis?
dorsal rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves (cord levels C6-C8)
60
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis capitis?
transverse tubercles of C7, T1-T6 or T7 and articular processes of C4-C6
61
What is the insertion for the semispinalis capitis?
below the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
62
What is the innervation of the semispinalis capitis?
dorsal rami of C1-C6 spinal nerves (cord levels C1-C6)
63
The semispinalis capitis and spinalis capitis may fuse to form what muscles?
biventer cervicis
64
What regional subdivisions are now identified with multifidis muscles?
lumbar multifidis, thoracic multifidis and cervical multifids
65
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the classic multifidis?
articular process of C4-C7, transverse processes of T1-T12, mammillary processes of L1-L5 and the dorsal surface of S1-S4 or S5
66
What is the insertion for the classic multifidis?
spinous process 3-5 segments above the origin
67
Which transversospinalis muscle attaches to articular and mammillary processes along the spine?
multifidis
68
Contraction of the classic multifidis will result in what movements of the vertebral column?
lateral flexion and rotation of the spine, maintains the lumbar lordotic curve and prevents entrapment of zygapophyseal capsular ligament during movement
69
What is the attachment site and most cranial vertebra of insertion for the multifidis?
spinous process of C2
70
Contraction of multifidis cervices will result in what movements?
alters the zygapophyseal capsular ligament response to load distribution determines the cervical spine response to injury as evidenced by neck pain and is a significant contributor to postural control of the head and neck
71
Which subdivision of multifidis may demonstrate a reversal of origin - insertion?
multifidis lumborum
72
Contraction of multifidis lumborum will result in what movements?
lateral flexion and rotation of the lumbar spine, maintains the lumbar lordotic curve and prevents entrapment of lumbar sygapophyseal capsular ligament during movement
73
Which muscles of the spine exhibit a reversal of the expected origin - insertion combination?
iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum, longissimus thoracic pars lumborum and multifidis lumborum
74
Rotator muscles are typically identified in what region of the spine?
the thoracic region
75
What will replace muscles spanning one or two segmental levels in the cervicals and lumbars?
deep layers of the multifidis
76
Contraction of rotator longus will result in what movements?
rotation of the segment of insertion, bilaterally acts to weakly extend spine
77
What innervates the rotators?
dorsal rami at the level of insertion are believed to do so

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