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TW - 7th Grade Science > FINAL EXAM - Module 5 > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM - Module 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell

A

the basic unit of life

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2
Q

cytoplasm

A

the jellylike substance that fills the cell

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3
Q

mitochondria

A
  • provide energy for the cell

- they use oxygen to release energy from food taken in by the cell

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4
Q

ribosomes

A

responsible for manufacturing proteins by connecting amino acids into long chains
-found in (1) cytoplasm 7 (2) endoplasmic reticulum

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5
Q

Tiny structures in the cell that carry out the cell’s activities are

A

organelles

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6
Q

nucleus

A
  • the part of the cell that contains the genetic information

- acts as the command center for the cell

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7
Q

telophase

A

how identical daughter cells are created

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8
Q

Mitosis makes it possible for the body to

A

made identical cells.

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9
Q

Which phase pulls the chromosomes apart?

A

Anaphase

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10
Q

The organelle that aids in cell division is

A

centrioles

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11
Q

The first step in mitosis is

A

prophase

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12
Q

Telophase is the stage of cell division where

A

new cells are formed

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13
Q

The phase in which a cell spends most of its time is

A

interphase

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14
Q

The process of cell division that creates genetic variety in cells is

A

meiosis

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15
Q

You notice that your friend has blue eyes. You have observed one of his

A

traits

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16
Q

Which of the following can be described as genetic material that directs the cell?

A

nucleus

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17
Q

Which process produces two identical copies of the parent cell?

A

mitosis

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18
Q

Chromosomes are made up from

A

DNA

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19
Q

Gametes have

A

half as many chromosomes as a normal cell

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20
Q

Fertilization takes place when a sperm joins a(n)

A

egg

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21
Q

Meiosis produces cells with ________ the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

A

half

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22
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with asexual reproduction?

A

Budding
Fission
Spore formation
Fertilization

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of asexual reproduction?

A

Fertilization

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24
Q

Which process produces two identical copies of the parent cell?

A

Mitosis

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25
Q

This process can produce a large number of offspring.

A

Asexual reproduction

26
Q

The great variety we see in some organisms is due to

A

sexual reproduction

27
Q

Sperm and eggs each have ______ chromosomes.

A

23

28
Q

DNA is made up of ________ bonded to a sugar phosphate backbone.

A

nucleotide bases

29
Q

You notice that your friend has blue eyes. You have observed one of his

A

traits

30
Q

We find genes on

A

chromosomes

31
Q

The information needed to direct the cell is found in

A

DNA

32
Q

A trait that is controlled by multiple genes is called a

A

polygenetic trait

33
Q

Dominant traits are always expressed when a ______ gene is present

A

dominant

34
Q

When you describe a person’s physical characteristics, you are describing their

A

phenotype

35
Q

Genotype describes

A

the specific makeup of an individual

36
Q

Gregory Mendel discovered some basic rules about

A

inheritance

37
Q

If one recessive allele and one dominant allele are present, the _______ trait will be expressed.

A

dominant

38
Q

Dominant alleles are recorded as uppercase in a

A

Punnet square

39
Q

Can only be inherited by a male or female

A

sex-linked traits

40
Q

A trait has co-dominant genes. What would you expect to be expressed?

A

One of the traits the genes code for
Both traits the genes code for
None of the traits the genes code for x
Not possible to tell

41
Q

The gene for tongue rolling is dominant. The mother’s genotype is Tt, and the father’s genotype is Tt. What are the chances that he will be able to roll his tongue?

A

75% chance

42
Q

This is used to track traits within a family line.

A

a pedigree chart

43
Q

Pedigree charts track the _________ of a family line.

A

genotype history

44
Q

Genotypes are

A

the genetic makeup of someone

45
Q

Scientists can use cells from one organism to produce a genetically identical organism by

A

cloning

46
Q

Intentional breeding for certain traits is known as

A

artificial selection

47
Q

Scientists could use genetic engineering to do all of the following

A

increase the nutritional values of plants

48
Q

What is a downside of cloning animals?

A

Cloned animals are less resistant to new diseases.

49
Q

The cell is protected from the outside environment by the

A

cell membrane

Any material coming into or out of the cell must pass through this cell membrane.

50
Q

golgi apparatus

A

takes simple materials, made in the endoplasmic reticulum, and processes them into more complex materials.

Once the Golgi apparatus has processed these materials, they are either stored or sent out of the cell.

51
Q

The storage and transport of material takes place in the ________.

A

Golgi apparatus

52
Q

Lysosomes are responsible for

A

the break-down of substances in the cell

53
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

a system of winding membranes that packages and transports materials; it also manufactures parts of the cell membrane.

54
Q

Vesicles

A
  • small packages that store and transport materials.
  • Some vesicles are formed when parts of the endoplasmic reticulum break off; these vesicles carry materials to the Golgi apparatus.
  • Other vesicles are formed when parts of the Golgi apparatus break off; these vesicles help to transport materials out of the cell.
55
Q

Lysosomes

A
  • a type of vesicle made by the Golgi apparatus.

- Lysosomes contain chemicals that break down materials such as food and old cell parts.

56
Q

The process of fission is a type of

A

asexual reproduction

57
Q

The process when a sperm and egg join forming a new cell is called

A

fertilization

58
Q

Meiosis produces four new cells with ______ the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

A

one half

59
Q

A process is some genetic material is wasted

A

sexual reproduction

60
Q

genetic engineering

A
  • Scientists are able to take DNA from one species and implant it in another
  • Common in agriculture
61
Q

punnett square

A

square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment

TW - 7th Grade Science (3 decks)

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