FINAL EXAM - Module 4 Exam

Question 1

How is igneous rock formed?

Answer 1

from hot magma cooling on the surface

Question 2

Scientists are examining a riverbed rock sample that is made of tiny bits of sand, rock, and debris. What type of rock have they found?

Answer 2

Sedimentary

Question 3

An animal dies and falls into a river. Over time sand, rock, and other material settle on top of the animal remains, completely covering it. What type of rock might form to preserve this fossil?

Answer 3

Sedimentary

Question 4

What type of rocks do you think scientists would find as they examined rocks that formed a volcanic island?

Answer 4

Igneous rocks

Question 5

Scientists can use rocks to determine

Answer 5

the age of the Earth

Question 6

Rerouting a river could affect fishing in the river downstream because

Answer 6

the river would have less water, so there would be less fish to catch

Question 7

The process of deforestation

Answer 7

clearing all trees from large tracks of land

Question 8

Overgrowth of algae that produces toxins can be caused by

Answer 8

nitrogen runoff from the use of fertilizers near the water

Question 9

Scientists found rock deep in the earth and determined it was three billion years old. This rock is most likely which type of rock? (

Answer 9

Metamorphic

Question 10

All of the following can be an affect of pollution EXCEPT

Answer 10

it prevents cancer

Question 11

Amber fossils can be found in

Answer 11

sedimentary rock

Question 12

All of the following statements about urbanization are true EXCEPT

Answer 12

urbanization is always good for the environment ????

Question 13

Over time, what type of fossil is formed when thin objects are trapped in mud?

Answer 13

imprint fossil

Question 14

A _________ forms when rainfall decreases in a dry climate.

Answer 14

desert

Question 15

Scientists have discovered fossils on an island. What type of rock are they most likely examining?

Answer 15

Sedimentary

Question 16

All of the following can be considered agents of weathering EXCEPT?

1) wind
2) rain
3) ice
4) deposition

Answer 16

4) deposition

Question 17

Acid rain is an example of

Answer 17

chemical weathering

Question 18

If a skull becomes fossilized, it would most likely be what type of fossil?

Answer 18

petrified fossil

Question 19

All of the following are steps in the rock cycle of a sedimentary rock EXCEPT

1) lava cooling at the Earth’s surface
2) weathering
3) compaction
4) deposition

Answer 19

1) lava cooling at the Earth’s surface

Question 20

Can any type of rock become igneous rock?

Answer 20

Yes, if they are pressed down into the Earth’s core and melt and cool to become igneous rocks.

Question 21

Name and describe two types of mechanical weathering.

Answer 21

The weather can be a cause of mechanical weathering, where hot spells and cold spells cause things to expand and contract which can then cause cracks in rocks. Another example is ice, if ice crystallized a rock and then a hot spell comes through it can crack the rock because of the drastic weather change.

Question 22

Describe two human actions that cause water pollution.

Answer 22

Using fertilizer to close to a river, throwing trash into local waterways.

Question 23

preserved remains that are transformed into rock

Answer 23

petrified fossils

Question 24

formed when remains are trapped in tree sap

Answer 24

amber fossil

Question 25

a raised fossil that has filled in the impression from a mold

Answer 25

cast fossils

Question 26

formed when the remains of living things leave an impression in rock

Answer 26

mold fossils

Question 27

preserved records of life, for example a footprint or a trail

Answer 27

trace fossils

Question 28

imprint fossil

Answer 28

left from the remains of living things. These are formed in wet sediments. When the sediment hardens, the imprint is permanently recorded. Imprint fossils are often very thin objects like feathers or leaves.

Question 29

Which of the following can be determined through the examination of fossils?

Answer 29

how a species has changed over time

Question 30

Is oxidation an example of mechanical weathering?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

What are examples of mechanical weathering?

Answer 31

• freezing of water
• breaking from tree roots
• falling & breaking

Question 32

What can cause sediment to form on land?

Answer 32

Any kind of weathering or rocks

Question 33

Rock is broken down, taken to a new location, and layered in an area. What describes this process?

Answer 33

weathering, erosion, and deposition

Question 34

_______ are made from minerals.

Answer 34

Rocks

Question 35

Molten rock makes its way to the surface and cools. This forms ______ rock.

Answer 35

igneous

Question 36

On a hiking trip, you see a large tree root has grown into the cracks of a rock and caused it to break apart. This is an example of

Answer 36

mechanical weathering

Question 37

Erosion is the ________

Answer 37

removal of particles to another place.

Question 38

A rock inside a building is not likely to be affected by

Answer 38

1. mechanical weathering
2. chemical weathering
3. biological weathering

Question 39

What weathering agent would cause rocks to be pushed to the earth’s surface where they often crack or break?

Answer 39

pressure changes

Question 40

A sedimentary is most likely found in all of the following EXCEPT:

1) riverbed
2) sea floor
3) volcanic mountain
4) lake bottom

Answer 40

volcanic mountain

Question 41

A sedimentary is most likely found in all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 41

riverbed
sea floor
volcanic mountain
lake bottom

Question 42

A igneous rock is most likely found in

Answer 42

a volcanic mountain

Question 43

List and describe two ways that scientists can date fossils found in the earth.

Answer 43

We are able to tell how old a fossil is based on how deep the rock is in the earth’s crust, we are also able to tell how old a fossil is based on the fossil inside. For example if the animals is extinct we can tell the rock of course is much older, or based on the evolution of the animal we see today.

Question 44

Give an example of erosion.

Answer 44

An example of erosion is when a rock is at a river bed and the water slowly rubs away surfaces of the rock.

Question 45

Igneous and metamorphic rocks are composed of what?

Answer 45

minerals

Question 46

Rock melting into magma below the Earth’s surface is part of the _______ _______.

Answer 46

rock cycle

Question 47

_________ ___________ forcing lava to the surface where it cools to form igneous rock is part of the rock cycle.

Answer 47

Volcanic eruptions

Question 48

Igneous rock breaks down into pieces and compacting to form ________ rock.

Answer 48

sedimentary

Question 49

Scientists can find the absolute age of a rock by using

Answer 49

uranium 235 dating. Uranium is used to date non-living objects; like rocks.

(Carbon dating can be used to find the absolute age of something that was once living.

Question 50

Scientists can find the absolute age of a rock by using

Answer 50

Carbon 14 Dating

Question 51

The Law of Superposition states that

Answer 51

older material is located below younger material

Question 52

How can we use rocks to determine how an area used to look in the past?

Answer 52

Based on the type of erosion we see or possibly the fossils inside them, if there is a lot of water erosion we could conclude the area was either once covered in water or close to it.