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epi 221 > Final Exam & midterm Questions > Flashcards

Final Exam & midterm Questions Flashcards

practice questions for the mideterm

1
Q
  1. When we evaluate the outcomes of an intervention in a practical setting, we are evaluating _________________________ of the intervention.
    a. Effectiveness
    b. Efficacy
    c. Safety
    d. Generalizability
A

a. Effectiveness

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2
Q
  1. With antiretroviral treatment (ART), the risk of maternal-to-child transmission of HIV is approximately:
    a. 1-5%
    b. 10-15%
    c. 15-25%
    d. 75-95%
A

a. 1-5%

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3
Q
  1. Mechanisms for how social factors affect birth outcomes include:
    a. Maternal biological factors and stress pathway
    b. Inflammation and infection
    c. Early life programming
    d. All of the above
A

D. all of above

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4
Q
  1. One of the following IS NOT among main mechanisms that can lead to preterm delivery. Which one is it?
    a. Nulliparity
    b. Spontaneous labor
    c. Preterm premature rupture of membranes
    d. Medical indication
A

A. Nulliparity

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5
Q
  1. Important causes of childhood deaths in developing countries include:
    a. Pneumonia and other infectious diseases (malaria, sepsis)
    b. Preterm birth
    c. Diarrhea
    d. All of the above
A

d. All of above

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6
Q
  1. A difference in health status is the definition of:
    a. Health equity
    b. Health disparity
    c. None of the above
    d. Health inequality
A

d. Health inequality

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7
Q
  1. Which of the following strains of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) account for the majority of genital wart cases?
    a. HPV 16 & 18
    b. HPV 6 & 16
    c. HPV 11 $ 18
    d. HPV 6 & 11
A

d. HPV 6 & 11

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following viruses is among the most important cause of pediatric diarrheal diseases?
    a. Giardia
    b. Rota
    c. Cryptosporidium
    d. Shigella
A

b. Rota

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a birth anthropometry measure?
    a. Birth weight
    b. Head circumference
    c. Ponderal index
    d. Newborn blood spot
A

d. Newborn blood spot

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10
Q
  1. Public health approach to reduce burden of mental illness among children involves:
    a. Life-course perspective
    b. Rigorous public health methods
    c. Biophysical framework
    d. All
A

False

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11
Q
  1. Hispanic (Latinx) paradox refers to the fact that birth (and other) outcomes among Hispanic (Latinx) populations are similar to Whites despite lower socioeconomic status, delayed prenatal care, and higher fertility.
A

True

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12
Q
  1. Challenges of environmental toxicant-related policy include lack of adequate information (evidence-base), limiting exposure, and health education.
A

True

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13
Q
  1. Advocacy efforts include writing, calling or visiting stake holders.
A

True

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14
Q
  1. Analyses of randomized controlled trial data based on whether the participants actually did/did not receive the treatment, but not the assignment group, is called “intent to treat” analyses.
A

False

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15
Q
  1. List at least three potential consequences of COVID-19 in the maternal and child health population
A

a. Pregnancy complications
b. Drop in family planning services
c. Drop in immunization
d. Increased domestic violence and child abuse
e. Fetal origins of life-course diseases

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16
Q
  1. What are the two major infectious causes of pelvic inflammatory diseases?
A

a. chlamydia

b. gonorrhea

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17
Q
  1. List three advocacy targets.
A

a. Policy maker
b. Voters
c. Media

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18
Q
  1. List three mechanisms by which deployment can contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
A

a. Biologic (HPA axis, inflammation, stress)
b. Behavior (smoking, drinking)
c. Environmental (burn pits, chemicals

19
Q
  1. List short-term consequences of pediatric diarrheal diseases (PDD).
A

a. fluid loss
b. electrolyte imbalance
c. death

20
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT among current challenges in MCH policy?
    a. Health disparities
    b. Workforce development
    c. Cost-control
    d. Infectious diseases control
A

d. Infectious diseases control

21
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epidemiological studies?
    a. Deals with distribution and determinants of disease
    b. Focuses on health-related states and events
    c. Involves animals as subjects
    d. Targets prevention or control of health problems
A

c. involves animals as subjects

22
Q
  1. Which type of epdemiologic study is best-suited for examining multiple exposures?
    a. Case report
    b. Case series
    c. Case control
    d. Cohort
A

c. case control

23
Q
  1. Which of the following odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval indicates a statistically signficant positive association between the exposure and outcome?
    a. 3.15 (0.86, 18.50)
    b. 0.65 (0.33, 0.78)
    c. 3.15 (2.05, 4.55)
    d. 0.65 (0.16, 1.02)
A

c. 3.15 (2.05, 4.55)

24
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT among factors related to internal validity?
    a. Bias
    b. Confounding
    c. Generalizability
    d. Chance
A

c. generalizability

25
Q
  1. The number of births in a year per 1,000 women aged 15-44 is referred to as the:
    a. Total fertility rate
    b. Birth rate
    c. Population rate
    d. General fertility rate
A

d. General fertility rate

26
Q
  1. Among causes of infertility, couple (compatibility) factors contribute _____.
    a. 10%
    b. 20%
    c. 40%
    d. 75%
A
  1. 10%
27
Q
  1. Pre-pregnancy overweight status is defined as maternal body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy that is ____________________.
    a. 18.5-24.9 kg/m2
    b. 25.0-29.9 kg/m2
    c. 30.0-39.9 kg/m2
    d. >40.0 kg/m2
A

b. 25.0-29.9 kg/m2

28
Q
  1. Which one of the following is not among the three life course models that are described in the life course perspectives approach?
    a. Latency
    b. Turning point
    c. Cumulative
    d. Pathway
A

b. turning point

29
Q
  1. Implications of the life course theory on practice include:
    a. Comprehensive health care
    b. Focus on critical periods
    c. Focus on sensitive periods
    d. All
A

d. all

30
Q
  1. In the Social Security Act, the section that supports majority of the MCH related services is Title V. T/F
A

true

31
Q
  1. To be a confounder, a variable must precede and be associated with an exposure, and related to an outcome. T/F
A

True

32
Q
  1. A relative risk is an appropriate measure of risk in case control studies. t/f
A

false

33
Q
  1. The null hypothesis (Ho) states that there is an association between a risk factor and an outcome. t/f
A

false

34
Q
  1. The outcome of differential misclassification, in all instances, is to attenuate (weaken) associations t/f
A

false

35
Q
  1. Infertility is defined as unprotected intercourse for 12 or more months without conception. t/f
A

true

36
Q
  1. The most common cause of unintended pregnancy is contraceptive failure. t/f
A

false

37
Q
  1. Infant mortality rate is defined as infant (<1 year old) deaths per 1,000 live births. t/f
A

true

38
Q
  1. Prevalence is defined as number of new cases of disease during a specific time period divided by population at risk at the start of the time interval. t/f
A

false

39
Q
  1. The impact of personal control and behavior – decisions and actions – refers to the Principle of Human Agency. t/f
A

true

40
Q
  1. List the important determinants of health care policy in general and MCH policy in particular
A

Federalism, Independent Judiciary, and Individualism

41
Q
  1. Define Type I and Type II errors.
A

Type I error is False Positive finding while Type II error is False Negative finding

42
Q
  1. What are the possible outcomes of a teratogen exposure on the fetus?
A

Fetal Death, Structural Defect, Functional Defect, No Effect

43
Q
  1. Name two potential mechanisms of fetal origins of life course health.
A

Organ growth and development, metabolic programming (hormones), and, epigenetics.

44
Q
  1. List three MCH related Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicator goals that have been met.
A

Infant Mortality, Preterm Birth, Alcohol or Illicit drug use among adolescents, Tobacco use among adolescents, Tobacco use among children.

epi 221 (3 decks)

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