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Nursing 3910 > Final Exam: Medications > Flashcards

Final Exam: Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

PRILs: Rami, Perindo, Lisino

A

Therapeutic Class: Antihypertensive

Pharmacologic Class: ACE Inhibitor
Action: vasodilation, lower BP

Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, headache, persistent dry cough
Caution: risk of angioedema

Nursing Considerations: monitor for hypotension (hold SBP >90_, change position slow, fall risk, advocate for change in medication if patient has trouble with cough, metabolized by liver, excreted by kidneys

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2
Q

SARTANs: Cande, Lo, Val

A

Therapeutic Class: antihypertensive

Pharmacologic Class: angiotensin II receptor blockers
Action: treat hypertension, lower BP

Side Effects: dizziness, headache
Caution:

Nursing Considerations: monitor for hypotension, may be appropriate for clients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors “PRILs”

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3
Q

OLOLs: Metor, Carvedi

A

Therapeutic Class: antihypertensives & Anti Dysrhythmics

Pharmacologic Class: Beta-blockers
Action: decrease HR/cardiac contractility, lowers BP, treat dysrhythmias, HF, HTN, acute MI, CAD

Side Effects: dizziness, light-headedness, hypotension/ ortho hypo, bradycardia, dry mouth

Caution: may worsen CHF over time; therefore, contraindicated in late-stage

Nursing Considerations: Assess VS prior to admin (hold in HR <60. SBP >90), change position slowly, medication may mask hypoglycemic symptoms – monitor T1-T2 diabetes

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4
Q

Amlodipine, Diltiazem

A

Therapeutic Class: antihypertensive & anti dysrhythmic

Pharmacologic Class: calcium channel blockers
Action: decreases HR/cardiac contractility, cause vasodilation, lowers BP

Side Effects: dizziness, light-headedness, hypotension/ortho hypo, bradycardia, peripheral edema, flushing, GI upset, constipation

Caution: avoid with CHF

Nursing Considerations: risk for hypotension (hold in HR <60. SBP >90), change position slowly, monitor I/O due to risk for edema, metabolized by liver, excreted by kidneys

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5
Q

Digoxin, Digitalis

A

Therapeutic Class: anti dysrhythmic

Pharmacologic Class: cardiac glycoside
Action: treats dysrhythmias, improves myocardial contraction to increase CO and slows conduction to decrease HR

Side Effects: dizziness, fatigue, bradycardia, N/V/D, visual disturbances

Nursing Considerations: Monitor HR, hold HR <50, monitor for toxicity (GI upset, abnormal HR, Visual disturbances), risk for toxicity with impaired kidney function as med is eliminated by kidneys
- Blocks inotropes

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6
Q

Nitroglycerine

A

Therapeutic Class: vasodilator (short-acting)

Pharmacologic Class: Nitrates
Action: decreases BP, decrease pre-load and afterload

Side Effects: dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, hypotension, flush

Caution: avoid sildenafil (viagara) = hypotension

Nursing Considerations: health teaching on use, monitor effects after use

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7
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Therapeutic Class: antihypertensive

Pharmacologic Class: loop diuretic
Action: lower BP by reducing fluid volume

Side Effects: dehydration, dizziness, headache, hypotension/ortho hypo, electrolyte imbalance (hypoK, hypoNAT, hypoCA)
Caution:
Nursing Considerations: risk for hypotension, monitor lytes, daily wts, I/O, falls risk with older adults, monitor kidney function

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8
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Therapeutic Class: antihypertensive
Pharmacologic Class: thiazide diuretic
Action: lower BP by reducing fluid volume

Side Effects: dehydration, dizziness, headache, hypotension/ortho hypo, electrolyte imbalance (hypoK, hypoNAT, hypoCA)

Caution: contraindicated with impaired kidney function

Nursing Considerations: risk for hypotension, monitor lytes, daily wts, I/O, falls risk for older adults, monitor kidney function

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9
Q

Spironolactone

A

Therapeutic Class: Antihypertensives
Pharmacologic Class: potassium sparing diuretic.
Action: lower BP by reducing volume

Side Effects: dizziness, headache, hypotension/ ortho, electrolyte imbalances (hyperK), photosensitivity, N/V/D

Caution: contraindicated with later-stage kidney function

Nursing Considerations: Risk for hypotension, monitor lytes, daily wts, I/O, falls risk for older adults, monitor kidney function

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10
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA, Aspirin)

A

Therapeutic Class: Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic & antiplatelet

Pharmacologic Class: NSAIDs
Action: decrease temp, inflammation, pain, and platelet aggregation

Side Effects: GI upset, bleeding

Nursing Considerations: health teaching on risk of bleeding

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11
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix, Ticagrelor)

A

Therapeutic Class: antiplatelet

Pharmacologic Class: adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonist
Action: decrease platelet aggregation

Side Effects: headache, nausea, bruising, GI upset, bleeding, heartburn

Nursing Considerations: health teaching on risk of bleeding, monitor PT/INR, hepatic activation

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12
Q

Apixaban, Dabigatran, rivaroxaban

A

Therapeutic Class: oral anticoagulants
Pharmacologic Class: factor Xa inhibitors
Action: inhibit clotting

Side Effects: bruising, bleeding gums, nose bleeding, heavy menses, blood in urine/stool

Caution: risk for stroke

Nursing Considerations: monitor for PT/INR, health teaching on risks of bleeding

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13
Q

Statins: Atorvastatin, rosuvastatin

A

Therapeutic Class: antihyperlipidemic
Pharmacologic Class: HMG – CoA reductase inhibitors
Action: decrease LDL/triglycerides

Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, GI upset, insomnia, MUSCLE PAIN

Nursing Considerations: monitor lipids (**fasting), hepatoxic

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14
Q

Valproic Acid (epival)

A

Therapeutic Class: anticonvulsant
Pharmacologic Class:
Action: treats seizure disorders

Side Effects: abdo pain, constipation, increased appetite, N/V/D, dizziness, double vision, drowsiness, weight gain, rash

Nursing Considerations: tale same time every day, don’t stop abruptly, interact with other seizure meds (phenytoin and carbamazepine), routinely monitor blood levels, monitor liver, white blood cells/platelets

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15
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A

Therapeutic Class: anticonvulsant
Pharmacologic Class:
Action: treats partial seizure disorders – ineffective for myoclonic/absent

Side Effects: dizziness, blurred vision, confusion, constipation, drowsiness, nausea

Nursing Considerations: take same time every day, don’t stop abruptly, interacts with other seizure meds (phenytoin and valproic acid), monitor blood levels routinely, toxicity: rash/liver symptoms

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16
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Therapeutic Class: anticonvulsant
Pharmacologic Class:
Action: treats partial seizure disorders – ineffective for absent/myoclonic

Side Effects: headache, constipation, NV, drowsiness/fatigue, gum swelling, nervousness, sleep disturbances, increased hair growth, depression, decrease HR/BP

Caution: suicidal ideation, skin rashes (Stevens-Johnson)

Nursing Considerations: Teach 1-hour pre meal or 2 hours post meal, take at same time daily, oral care (gingival hyperplasia), don’t stop abruptly, interacts with other meds – carbamazepine, valproic acid, and oral contraceptives, toxicity therapeutic range is 10-20; ataxia, tremors, slurred speech; monitor blood levels

17
Q

Lorazepam

A

Therapeutic Class: anticonvulsant
Pharmacologic Class:
Action: treats seizure disorders, slows CNS

Side Effects: dizziness, confusion, drowsiness, NV, agitation, hyperactivity

Nursing Considerations: expect to notice effect in 5-10 mins of admin, for sublingual admin DO NOT force mouth open – place between lip or inside cheek (massage until dissolved), move with client while admin, do not restrain

18
Q

Midazolam (versed)

A

Therapeutic Class: anticonvulsant
Pharmacologic Class:
Action: treats seizure disorders, slows CNS

Side Effects: Dizziness, confusion, drowsiness, fatigue

Caution: avoid in clients with glaucoma

Nursing Considerations: expect to notice effect in 5-10 mins of admin, for sublingual admin DO NOT force mouth open – place between lip or inside cheek (massage until dissolved), move with client while admin, do not restrain

19
Q

Spironolactone

A

Therapeutic Class: Antihypertensive, diuretic
Pharmacologic Class: potassium sparing diuretic
Action: lower BP by reducing fluid volume

Side Effects: dizziness, headache, hypotension, ortho hypotension, electrolyte imbalance (hyperK), photosensitivity, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Caution: contraindicated with impaired kidney function

Nursing Considerations: risk for hypotension, monitor lytes, daily wts, I/O, falls risk with older adults, monitor kidney function

20
Q

Norfloxacin

A

Therapeutic Class: antibiotic
Pharmacologic Class: fluoroquinolone
Action: treats infection

Side Effects: headache, nausea
Caution:
Nursing Considerations: take drug at same time daily

21
Q

Vitamin K (phytonadione)

A

Therapeutic Class: vitamin
Pharmacologic Class:
Action: supports liver in generating clotting factors

Side Effects: decreased appetite

Caution: avoid with anticoagulants, NSAIDs and ASA

Nursing Considerations: in acute bleed, admin via IV; for routine management, admin orally with bile salts to increase uptake

22
Q

Rifaximin (Zaxine)

A

Therapeutic Class: antibiotic
Pharmacologic Class: rifamycin
Action: breaks down bacteria in the colon to prevent ammonia production

Side Effects: dizziness. This med is not absorbed well so few side effects

Nursing Considerations: assess mental status during therapy for S&S of hepatoceph

23
Q

Lactulose

A

Therapeutic Class: laxative
Pharmacologic Class: sugar
Action: promotes elimination by pulling water into colon, removes ammonia from GI by drawing into colon

Side Effects: bloating, cramping, diarrhea

Nursing Considerations: may experience loose stools or increased stools/day

24
Q

Opioids (hydromorphone, morphine)

A

Therapeutic Class: analgesics
Pharmacologic Class: opiates
Action: treats pain

Side Effects: drowsiness, pruritis, N&V, constipation

Nursing Considerations: monitor resp rate, increased risk of overdose with older age, existing renal/hepatic dysfunction

Nursing 3910 (12 decks)

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