Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Clinical Pathology > Final Exam Material? > Flashcards

Final Exam Material? Flashcards

1
Q

If blood glucose <60mg/dL, insulin should drop. If blood glucose <60mg/dL and insulin is still high, what is the most likely differential?

A

Insulinoma

Insulin-producing tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the most common causes of hyperglycemia?

A
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Catecholamines
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Post-prandial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is decreased with liver disease?

  • Glucose
  • Cholesterol
  • Urea
  • Albumin
A

All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: PLE is characterized by hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia

A

False

Protein Losing Enteropathy (PLE) is characterized by hy_po_albuminemia and hy_po_globulinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the top two differentials associated with ketones in the urine?

A

Starvation state and Diabetic ketoacidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does hypomagnesemia contribute to hypocalcemia?

A

Without Mg, more Ca binds at parathyroid and decreases PTH production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

With hyperparathyroidism, you should expect to see hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

You tried to reason with him, but your dog was acting a fool and feasted on some Warfarin. What coagulation factors are going to be affected?

A

II, VII, IX, X

  • Two, seven, nine, ten*
  • 二, 七, 九, 十*
  • dos, siete, nueve, diez*
  • deux. sept, neuf, dix*
  • இரண்டு, ஏழு, ஒன்பது, பத்து*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the best way to tell if a horse has a regenerative anemia?

A

Increased MCV

Remember that horses never release reticulocytes into peripheral blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does basophilic stippling indicate in small animals?

A

Lead poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: Amylase is specific for pancreatic injury

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Typically if lipase is > 2x upper end of normal, it is indicative of pancreatic injury. What is the exception to this?

A

Dogs receiving steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency results in inadequate food absorption

A

False

  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency results in inadequate food digestion*
  • Need to differentiate this from malabsorption (Intestinal disease prevents absorption)*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Trypsin-like Immunoreactivity (TLI) is a very sensitive and specific test for:

A

EPI

  • (Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency)*
  • In dogs:*
  • TLI > 5.0 μg/L is normal
  • TLI < 2.5 μg/L is EPI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In cats, TLI levels less than ____μg/L is highly specific for EPI

A

In cats, TLI levels less than 8 μg/L is highly specific for EPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F: Calcitonin decreases serum Ca2+ concentration

A

True

  • Calcitonin is produced by C cells of the thyroid gland and decreases serum Ca2+ concentration by inhibiting PTH*
  • “Calcitonin tones it down”*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: Ethylene glycol toxicosis causes hypercalcemia

A

False

Ethylene glycol toxicosis is a cause of hypocalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F: Hypermagnesemia is seen only when renal function is compromised

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hypernatremia is typically due to:

A

dehydration

Usually either inadequate water intake or pure water loss

20
Q

T/F: All causes of decreased Na+ are also causes of decreased Cl-

A

True

21
Q

What are the most common causes of hyperkalemia?

A
  • Oliguria/anuria
  • urethral obstruction
  • ruptured urinary bladder
22
Q

T/F: With hypertonic dehydration, [Na+] & [Cl-] will be decreased

A

False

With hypertonic dehydration, [Na+] & [Cl-​] will be increased

With hypotonic dehydration, [Na+] & [Cl-​] will be decreased

23
Q

For blood gas analysis, which is better for evaluating acid base status:

Venous samples or arterial samples?

A

Venous samples

24
Q

What type of blood tube would you use for blood gas analysis?

A

Heparin (Green top)

25
Q

With **High Anion Gap Acidosis, **you’ll observe an increase in nonvolatile acids. Name the nonvolatile acids:

A

KLUE

  • Ketones
  • Lactate
  • Uremic acis (phosphates, sulfates)
  • Ethylene glycol metabolites (toxins)
26
Q

Which ions are taken into consideration when calculation anion gap?

A

Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-

27
Q

Hyperventilation results in what acid-base abnormality?

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

“Reich at the campfire”

28
Q

What would you expect too see with regard to PTH concentration in an animal with normal parathyroid function and hypercalcemia?

A

[PTH] should be decreased

29
Q

What test would you use to differentiate Diabetes Insipidus from psychogenic polydipsia?

A

Water deprivation test

If the animal releases ADH and concentrates its urine, it is psychogenic PD. If not, it is Diabetes insipidus

DO NOT PERFORM THIS TEST IN ANY ANIMAL THAT IS:

  • Suspected of having renal disease
  • Azotemic
  • Dehydrated
30
Q

T/F: Hyperadrenocorticism is unlikely in a dog with normal urinary cortisol:creatinine ratio (UCCR)

A

True

31
Q

What is the only test that will identify iatrogenic HAC?

A

ACTH Stimulation Test

32
Q

Which of the following does not have a primary role in maintaining water balance?

  • Sodium
  • Parathyroid hormone
  • Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
  • Renin
  • Aldosterone
A

Parathyroid hormone

33
Q

Which of the following would you not expect to see in a dog with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism?

  • Hypergylcemia
  • Increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity
  • Increased serum cortisol concentration
  • Increased gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity
  • Lymphocytosis
A

Lymphocytosis

34
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperphosphatemia?

A

Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

35
Q

What would you expect to see happen to sodium and potassium levels in an animal with aldosterone deficiency?

A

Decreased sodium, Increased potassium

36
Q

Which organ system most frequently plays a direct role in an animal developing hyperkalemia?

A

Renal system

37
Q

What is the best test to differentiate malabsorption from maldigestion in the dog?

A

Trypsin-like Immunoreactivity (TLI)

38
Q

Which of the following is not a cause of lymphocytosis in the dog?

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • Addison’s disease
  • Cushing’s disease
  • Ehrlichiosis
  • Recent exercise
A

Cushing’s disease

39
Q

T/F: A major crossmatch involves incubation of the patient’s erythrocytes with the donor’s serum

A

False

A major crossmatch involves incubation of the donor’s erythrocytes with the patient’s serum

40
Q

If we do a low dose Dex suppression (LDDST) test on a healthy dog, what would we expect to see after 8 hours?

A

Cortisol < 1.5 μg/dL at 4 & 8 h

Cortisol secretion will decrease

41
Q

If we do a low dose Dex suppression (LDDST) test on a dog with HAC, what would we expect to see after 8 hours?

A

cortisol > 1.5 μg/dL at 8 h

Cortisol will not suppress after 8 hours

42
Q

T/F: Dogs with HAC will not secrete cortisol in response to ACTH stimulation

A

False

If you do an ACTH Stim test on a dog with HAC, you should see them hypersecrete cortisol in response to that ACTH (> 20 μg/dL)

43
Q

If you’re doing an ACTH stim test on a dog and there is no change pre- and post- ACTH administration, what is your conclusion?

A

Iatrogenic HAC

**ACTH Stimulation Test is the only test that can confirm iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism**

44
Q

If you’re doing a LDDST on a dog and at 8 hours cortisol is suppressed by more than half the baseline value, where is the lesion?

A

Pituitary

**If it’s not suppressed by at least half the baseline value, then it is an adrenal tumor**

45
Q

What is the best interpretation for this data?

A

Euthyroid Sick Syndrome

46
Q

All of the following lab data suggests hyperthyroidism except:

  • Polycythemia
  • ↑ cholesterol
  • ↑ ALP
  • ↑ ALT
  • ↑ free T4
A

↑ cholesterol

RUSVM Clinical Pathology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions