Final Exam (Listing and Quotes) Flashcards
List four important factors of the ancient political context
Environment, access to learning, social/political hierarchy, cosmology/religion/philosophy
- List four types of government and their definition from Plato
Timocracy – spirit, oligarchy – wealth, democracy – freedom/poor, tyranny – one man beast
- According to Aristotle, list the three types of good government and their corresponding corruption.
King – Tyranny, Aristocracy – Oligarchy, Polity - Democracy
- List the classes in Plato’s Republic and their corresponding virtues
Guardians – Wisdom, Auxiliaries – Courage, Producers - Temperance
- List three Roman words for power/ authority and define each.
Imperium – supreme, Potestas – power of life and death, Auctoritas - authority
- Name the assemblies and magistrates of Rome
Magistrates: Consuls, Censors, Tribunes, Dictator, Praetor Urbanus, Praetor Peregrinos, Aediles, Quaestors
Assemblies: Senate, Comitia Centuriata, Comitia Plebis, Comitia Tributa
- List seven political innovations of Greek polei
Sortition, rule of law, checks on power, bicameralism, ostracism, assemblies, term limits
- List seven political innovations/ legacies of Rome
Republic/Representative government, local government, division of nobility (i.e. duke), language of law, jurisprudence, Senate, split executive power Veto power, censoring an official, dictator/model of Cincinnatus, balance of power
- Name four qualities the prince should have, according to Machiavelli
Self-reliant, miserly, feared, excellent, virtuous insofar as it is advantageous, vicious insofar as it is not known, the appearance of good qualities, not hated
- List and define the three parts of Just War Theory
Jus ad bellum – pre-war, Just in bello – in war, Jus post bellum – after war
- List three different types of hereditary succession and define each.
Heirs general – linear succession, Heirs male first – men first, women after, Heirs male only – males only
- List four different passages of Scripture (either OT or NT) and the perspective therein on government
Micah 3: spiritual actor outside political structure calling politics to account
Romans 13: all governing authorities instituted by God
1 Timothy 2: prayers for government
Deuteronomy 17: king subject to law
- Four aspects of English Government in 1600
Monarchy, Parliament, courts, rights of Englishmen
- Three types of Courts in England
Exchequer, King’s Bench, Common Pleas
- Three types of limited government argument
Social Contract Theory, Civic Humanism, Ancient Contract
- Three terms for overseas imperial territories and their definitions
Colony – settlement of subjects, dependent; Dependency – separate, requires support or help; Protectorate – controlled by another to a greater or lesser degree
- Define four Waves of Feminism
First Wave: Suffrage movement and Feminism
Second Wave: Civil Rights/”Equal pay for equal work”
Third Wave: Opposition to Radical Feminism/Gender and Sexual Identity Movement/Split into antagonist groups
Fourth Wave: Social Justice/Social Media/Spirituality, Body positivity
- Name four feminist theorists and an idea of each
Charles Fourier – extension of privileges to women essential to progress
Josephine Butler – separate sphere argument: women’s sphere of operation was different from men
Simon de Beauvoir – gender as a social construct, feminist existentialism
Gloria Steinem – gender is social construct, sex is biological, marital status shouldn’t determine your job
- Seven syndromes for Warrior Queens
Appendage Syndrome Tomboy Syndrome Chastity/Holy Armed Figurehead Sexual Athletes/Voracity Syndrome Shame Syndrome
- Four principles of Bolivar’s thought
Montesquieu’s Spirit of the Laws: environment (geographic circumstances)
Avoid U.S. Model (federalism as a threat to unity)
Strong Central executive essential
Need for Unity
- Name and define the two methods used by Thomas Hobbes
Composite- induction of effects from first principles
Resolutive – deduction of first principles from effects
- Name the three principles of Kant’s internationalism
Republican Constitutions for all states
Law of nations as part of federation of free states
International law – universal hospitality.
- Draw and label the Dialectical model.
thesis———antithesis
—-synthesis—–
- Name three philosophers of the German Golden Age
Immanuel Kant
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Johann von Herder
- Name (from the 18th & 19th centuries) three Conservative thinkers; three Liberal thinkers and three Socialist thinkers.
Conservative: - Duke of Wellington - Klemens von Metternich - Benjamin Disraeli Liberal : - Jean-Baptiste Say - J.S. Mill - David Ricardo Socialist : - Louis Blanc - Robert Owen - Karl Marx
- Name four basic principles of Romanticism.
Rebellion
Spontaneity
Sensitivity and Sensuality
Nationalism
- What were the beginning and ending dates of the Enlightenment and why for each?
So the end date is definitely 1789 – French Rev, pinnacle of Enlightenment thought that left a bad taste in everyone’s mouth, began in 1687 – publishing of Newton’s Principia which was the foundation of Newtonian physics and a resurgence in naturalist explanations of the world
- Name three prophecies of Karl Marx that failed
Capitalism – radically evil and incapable of reform
Theory of Increasing Misery
Location and Nature of Revolutions (would begin in highly developed industrial states)
- Name the stages of history in Marx’s ideology.
SlaveFeudalIndustrial
(Freeman and slave to PatricianPatrician and Plebeian to LordLord and Serf to BourgeoisieProletariat RevolutionUtopia)
- Draw the revolutionary triangle.
haves—————-have nots
—-new haves class——
- Name five European overseas empires and two places in each.
British Empire- Australia, Canada France- Louisiana, Haiti Spain- Mexico, Hispaniola (Dominican Republic) Portugal- Brazil, Angola Dutch Empire-South Africa, Indonesia
- Three terms for overseas imperial territories and their definition
Colonies: settlement of subjects, dependent, a degree of self-government
Viceroyalty: colony or protectorate in which the Viceroy stands in for the monarch
Dependency: separated by land or water from central authority, dependent for support/help
- I declare our city is an education unto Greece
Thucydides, Pericles’ Funeral Oration
- In the perfect state, the good man is absolutely the same as a the good citizen; whereas in other states the good citizen is only good relatively to his own form of government
Aristotle, Politics
- Hence it is evident that the state is a creation of nature and that man is by nature a political animal.
Aristotle, Politics
- Until either philosophers become kings or those now kings and regents become genuine philosophers.
Plato, Republic
- What man is so indifferent or so idle that he would not wish to know how and under what form of government almost all the inhabited world came under the single rule of the Romans in less than 53 years?
Polybius, Histories
- Fruitful as Fortune is in change, and constantly as she is producing dramas in the life of men, yet assuredly never before this did she work such a marvel, or act such a drama, as that which we have witnessed.”
Polybius, Histories
- The commonwealth … is the people’s affair; and the people is not every group of men, associated in any manner, but is the coming together of a considerable number of men who are united by a common agreement about laws and rights and by desire to participate in mutual advantage
Cicero, The Republic
- “Law is highest reason implanted in Nature, which commands what out to be done and forbids the opposite.”
Cicero, The republic
- What are kingdoms but great bands of brigands?
St. Augustine, City of God
- Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God. Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves
Romans 13:1
- “it is much safer to be feared than loved because …love is preserved by the link of obligation which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for their advantage; but fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which never fails.
Machiavelli, The Prince
- “Women are more inclined to make peace and avert wars”
Christine de Pizan, The Treasure of the City of Ladies
- “And I know in the depth of my being and in all my knowledge of history and humanity, I know women will struggle for a social order of peace, equality and joy.”
Joan Kelly
- “I accept that women are gentler at the moment, but if they had the same amount of power as men, they wouldn’t be more virtuous.”
Lynne Segal
- To say ‘radical feminist’ is only a way of indicating that I believe the sexual caste system is a root of race and class and other divisions
Gloria Steinem
- The nuclear family must be destroyed, and people must find better ways of living together…. Whatever its ultimate meaning, the break-up of families now is an objectively revolutionary process…. No woman should have to deny herself any opportunities because of her special responsibilities to her children… Families will be finally destroyed only when a revolutionary social and economic organization permits people’s needs for love and security to be met in ways that do not impose divisions of labor, or any external roles, at all.”
Linda Gordon
- general inclination of all mankind, a perpetual and restless desire of power after power, that ceaseth only in death
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan
- In such condition, there is no place for industry; because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth; no navigation, nor e use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving and removing, such things as require much force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan
- Common Law of England is nothing else but the Common Custome of the Realm
Sir John Davies
- “and he …is called SOVEREIGN, and said to have sovereign power; and everyone besides, his SUBJECT.”
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan
- a State of Liberty, yet it is not a State of Licence… [because] …The State of Nature has a Law of Nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and Reason, which is that Law, teaches all Mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his Life, Health, Liberty, or Possessions.”
John Locke, Second Treatise on Government
- Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience
Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
- Make women rational creatures, and free citizens, and they will quickly become good wives; - that is, if men do not neglect the duties of husbands and fathers.
Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
- The distinguishing characteristic of small republics is stability: the character of large republics is mutability
Simon de Bolivar, Letter from Jamaica
- We have been ruled more by deceit than by force, and we have been degraded more by vice than by superstition. Slavery is the daughter of darkness: an ignorant people is a blind instrument of its own destruction
Simon de Bolivar, Message to the Congress of Angostura
- Precisely because no form of government is so weak as the democratic, its framework must be firmer, and its institutions must be studied to determine their degree of stability … unless this is done, we will have to reckon with an ungovernable, tumultuous, and anarchic society, not with a social order where happiness, peace, and justice prevail
Simon de Bolivar, Message to the Congress of Angostura
- “Government has no other end but the preservation of their property”
John Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government
- Every man has a property in his own person
John Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government
- What is the use of discussing a man’s abstract right to food or to medicine? The question is upon the method of procuring and administering them. In this deliberation I shall always advise to call in the aid of the farmer and the physician, rather than the professor
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France
- “who possesses the true spirit of command, shall draw the eyes of all men upon himself”
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France
- “The person who really commands the army is your master; the master of your king, the master of your assembly, the master of your whole republic.”
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France
- Man is born free, but everywhere is in chains
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract
- Workers of the world unite!
Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto
- We seem, as it were, to have conquered and people half the world in a fit of absence of mind.
John Seeley, The Expansion of England
- The history of all previous societies has been the history of class struggles
Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto
