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Western Political Thought > Exam Three > Flashcards

Exam Three Flashcards

1
Q

List four different passages of Scripture (either OT or NT) and the perspective therein on government

A

Deut. 17- choosing a king and how kings should live; Psalm 72- A king’s justice and wisdom comes from God; Romans 13- Follow God first and best authroity, then be good citizen paying taxes etc; Matt 22- give to caesar what is caesars

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2
Q

Three methods of becoming a prince

A

prowess, fortune, crime

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3
Q

List and define the three parts of Just War Theory

A

Jus ad bellum- right cause
Jus in bello- right conduct
Jus post bellum- justice at the end of the war

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4
Q

List five questions of the post-Reformation era

A

1 What is the source of political authority? #2 How does God bestow that authority? #3 Is there a limit to the monarch’s authority? #4 Is rebellion ever permissible for a Christian or any subject? #5 What is the nature of the relationship of government to the governed?

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5
Q

Four aspects of English Government in 1600

A

Monarchy: hereditary since 800s, Parliament: House of Commons; House of Lords, Justice System, and Rights of Englishmen-Magna Carta

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6
Q

Three types of Courts in England

A

King’s Bench, Common Pleas, Exchequer

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7
Q

Three types of limited government argument

A

Civic humanism, consent theory, ancient & immemorial custom

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8
Q

Name and define the two methods used by Thomas Hobbes

A

Compositive method- arguing from first principles

resolutive method- deduction of principles from effects

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9
Q

List four avenues for political debate in England

A
  • Speeches before Parliament; court cases
  • Acts of Parliament/ Edicts of the king
  • Political essays and treatises
  • Sermons and homilies from the pulpit
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10
Q

List three thinkers for Republicanism

A

James Harrington, Algernon Sidney, Baron de Montesquieu

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11
Q

List the three types of government defined by Montesquieu

A

Republic, Monarchy, Despot

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12
Q

What are kingdoms but great bands of brigands?:

A

Augustine, City of God

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13
Q

“it is much safer to be feared than loved because …love is preserved by the link of obligation which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for their advantage; but fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which never fails

A

Machiavelli, The Prince

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14
Q

“Everyone sees what you appear to be, few experience what you really are

A

Machiavelli, the Prince

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15
Q

general inclination of all mankind, a perpetual and restless desire of power after power, that ceaseth only in death

A

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

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16
Q

In such condition, there is no place for industry; because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth; no navigation, nor e use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving and removing, such things as require much force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.

A

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

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17
Q

Common Law of England is nothing else but the Common Custome of the Realm

A

Matthew Hale, History of the Common Law of England

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18
Q

“and he …is called SOVEREIGN, and said to have sovereign power; and everyone besides, his SUBJECT.

A

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

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19
Q

“Covenants without the sword are but words, and of no strength to secure a man at all

A

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

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20
Q

a State of Liberty, yet it is not a State of Licence… [because] …The State of Nature has a Law of Nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and Reason, which is that Law, teaches all Mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his Life, Health, Liberty, or Possessions.”

A

John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government

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21
Q

No man chooses evil because it is evil; he only mistakes it for happiness, the good he seeks.

A

Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women

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22
Q

The distinguishing characteristic of small republics is stability: the character of large republics is mutability.

A

Simon Bolivar, Jamaica Letter

23
Q

We have been ruled more by deceit than by force, and we have been degraded more by vice than by superstition. Slavery is the daughter of darkness: an ignorant people is a blind instrument of its own destruction.

A

Simon Bolivar, Address to the Congress of Angostura

24
Q

Precisely because no form of government is so weak as the democratic, its framework must be firmer, and its institutions must be studied to determine their degree of stability … unless this is done, we will have to reckon with an ungovernable, tumultuous, and anarchic society, not with a social order where happiness, peace, and justice prevail.

A

Simon Bolivar, Address to the Congress of Angostura

25
Q

“Government has no other end but the preservation of their property”

A

John Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government

26
Q

Every man has a property in his own person

A

John Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government

27
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Leviathan & Social Contract/ first modern political scientist

28
Q

John Locke

A

Second Treatise on Civil Government

29
Q

Edward Coke

A

Defender of the courts, denied king had ultimate right to interpret laws

30
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

The Prince

31
Q

James I/VI

A

The True Law of Free Monarchies, “speaking law” “the law is in my mouth”

32
Q

Christine de Pizan

A

The Book of the City of Ladies

33
Q

Thomas Aquinas

A

Summa Theologica

34
Q

Aristotle

A

Politics

35
Q

Plato-

A

The Republic

36
Q

Cicero

A

De Republica

37
Q

Augustine

A

City of God

38
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A

Spirit of the Laws, foundation of modern political sociology

39
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

The Social Contract

40
Q

Hugo Grotius

A

On Laws of War and Peace, “Father of Natural Law”

41
Q

Leonardo Bruni

A

History of the Florentine People

42
Q

Sir John Fortescue

A

De laudibum legum Angliae , purpose of government: protection of persons and property

43
Q

Jacques Bousset

A

Politics Drawn from the Very Word of Scripture, classic statement of Divine Right Theory

44
Q

Jean Doumat

A

The Civil Law in its Natural Order, continental absolutist theory

45
Q

Denis Diderot

A

Enclyclopedie

46
Q

Polybius-

A

Histories

47
Q

Voltaire

A

Letters on the English

48
Q

Sir Robert Filmer

A

Patriarcha, denied scriptural precedent for self-government

49
Q

Algernon Sidney

A

Discourses concerning government, absolute monarchy was the great evil

50
Q

James Harrington

A

Commonwealth of Oceana, balanced government, all participate in the proper way

51
Q

Cardinal Richelieu

A

Political Testament

52
Q

Edmund Burke

A

Reflections on the Revolution in France

53
Q

Homily (definition

A

commentary on a certain scripture

Western Political Thought (3 decks)

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