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Microbiology Lab > Final Exam Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Final Exam Lecture 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pathogenicity

A

ability to cause disease

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2
Q

Virulence

A

degree of pathogenicity

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3
Q

What must pathogens do to gain access to the host ?

A

1) Adhere to the host tissue
2) Penetrate or evade host defenses
3) Damage the host tissue

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4
Q

What does accumulation of Microbial wast do?

A

Result: DIsease

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5
Q

How do Microorganisms enter host? (3)

A

MSP

1) Mucous membranes
2) Skin
3) Parental route

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6
Q

Do all microoragnisms that enter body cause disease?

A

NO!

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7
Q

Mucous membrane entry types (3)

A

RGG

1) Respiratory Tract
2) Gastrointestinal Tract
3) Genitourinary Tract

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8
Q

What enters respiratory tract?

A

Influenza, common cold, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and measles

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9
Q

What enters gastrointestinal tract?

A

Poliomyelitis, hep A, typhoid fecer, giardiasis, shigellosis and chlora

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10
Q

What enters Genitourinary tract?

A

HIV, herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and genital warts

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11
Q

Skin (types)

A

largest organ of the body

1) Hair follicles and swear gland ducts
2) Conjunctiva: conjunctivitis and trachoma

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12
Q

Parental Route types

A

1) Cuts
2) punctures
3) wounds

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13
Q

Parental Route examples

A

Hepatitis, HIV, Tetanus and gangrene

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14
Q

Preferred Portal of Entry with example

A

1) Swallow (Salmonella Typhi (typhoid fever))
2) Inhaled (Streptococci (Pneumonia))
3) Multiple portal of entry (Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax))

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15
Q

ID(50)

A

INFECTIOUS DOSE for 50% of SAMPLE POPULATION

-measures virulence of microbe

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16
Q

LD(5)

A

LETHAL DOSE for 50% of SAMPLE POPULATION

-measures potency of a toxin

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17
Q

Adherence

A

Most pathogens attach to host tissue this way (Adhesion)

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18
Q

Adhesins (ligands)

A

pathogen bind to RECEPTORS on the host cells

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19
Q

What are the majority of the adhesins on the microoragnisms ?

A

glycroproteins and lipoproteins

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20
Q

The receptors are typically composed of what ?

A

Sugars

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21
Q

Streptococcus mutans

A

play key role in tooth decay ; attach to surface of teeth by glycocalyx
-Glycosyltransferase makes glucose to dextran ANTINOMYCES and adhere to glycocalyx of S.mutans

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22
Q

Biofilms

A

communities that share nutrients

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23
Q

Capsules

A

Glycocalyx around the wall

-impair phagocytosis

24
Q

Type of bacteria with what it causes

A

streptococcus pneumoniae–pneumonia

  • haemophilus influenzae–pneumonia and meningitis
  • bacillus anthracis–anthrax
  • yersinia pestis–plague
25
Q

Cell wall components

A

M-protein: resist phagocytosis

  • Opa: protein allows attachment to host cells
  • Waxy lipid (mycolic acid): resist digestion
26
Q

What microbe contains M protein?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

27
Q

What microbe contains Opa?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

28
Q

What microbe contains Mycolic acid?

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

29
Q

Enzymes help penetration

A

CKHCI (can’t kick her clumsy leg)

1) Coagulases
2) Kinases
3) Hyaluronidase
4) Collagenase
5) IgA proteases

30
Q

Coagulases

A

coagulate fribinogen

31
Q

Kinases

A

digest fibrin clots

32
Q

Hyaluronidase

A

digest polysaccharides that hold cells together

33
Q

Collagenase

A

breaks collagen down

34
Q

IgA proteases

A

destroy IgA antibodies

35
Q

Antigenic Variaten

A

Pathogen which alter their surface antigens making antibodies ineffective

36
Q

Invasins

A

surface proteins produced by bacteria that rearrange actin filaments of the cytoskeleton

  • CAUSE MEMBRANE RUFFLING
  • use actin to move from cell to cell
37
Q

Example of microbes which use Invasins

A

Shigella and listeria

38
Q

Siderophores (Using the hosts nutrients)

A

proteins secreted by pathogens that bind iron more tightly than host cell

39
Q

Direct Damage

A
  • Disrupts host cell function
  • Uses host cell nutrients
  • Produces waste products
  • Multiplies in host cells and causes ruptures
40
Q

Toxins

A

POISONOUS substances produced by microorganisms

41
Q

Toxins produce

A

fever, cardiovascular problem, diarrhea and shock

42
Q

Toxigenicity

A

ability of a microorganism to PRODUCE a toxin

43
Q

Toxemia

A

presence of toxins IN HOST blood

44
Q

Intoxications

A

presence of toxin WITHOUT microbial growth

45
Q

Antitoxins

A

ANTIBODIES against specific EXOTOXINS

46
Q

Toxoids

A

inactivated exotoxins in caccines

47
Q

Exotoxins (3)

A

1) A-B toxin
2) Membrane-disrupting toxins
3) Superantigens

48
Q

A-B toxins

A

contain enzyme component A snd B

-Diphtheria toxin

49
Q

Membraine-disrupting toxin

A

lyse host cells by disrupting plasma membranes

50
Q

Hemolysins

A

kill erythrocytes by forming protein channels

51
Q

Superantigens

A

cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells

52
Q

Endotoxins

A

inside bacterial cells

  • Lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharides of gram (-) bacteria
  • released during bacteria multiplication and when gram negative bacteria die
53
Q

Plasmids

A

small circular DNA molecules capable of independent replication
-R factors responsible for resistance of some microorganisms to antibiotics

54
Q

Lysogenic conversion

A

changes characteristics of microbe due to incorporation of a prophage

55
Q

Portals of exit

A

Respiratory tract: coughing and sneezing
Gacstrointestinal tract: feces and saliva
Genitourinary tract: urine secretions from penis and vagina
Skin
Blood: anthropods that bite; needles or syringes

Microbiology Lab (9 decks)

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