Final Exam Key Terms Flashcards
fin de siècle
Fin de siècle is a French term meaning “end of century”,
Belle Epoque
Period of French and European history, (dated to between 1880 and the outbreak of World War I in 1914)
—-Belle Époque strived to capture Paris rapid change of environment and scenes of modern life..
Gilded Age
Refers to the era of rapid economic and population growth in the United States.
**Characteristics in the gilded age included individualism, urbanization, new values, art, and forms of entertainment.
Unconscious desire
In Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality, the unconscious mind is defined as a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that outside of conscious awareness.
Id
Primitive and instinctive component of personality. It consists of all the inherited (i.e., biological) components of personality present at birth
**The id is the impulsive (and unconscious) part of our psyche
Ego
Is part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world.
**Develops to mediate between the unrealistic id and the external real world
Superego
Incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from one’s parents and others.
Dream-Work
Differs from classical dream interpretation in that the aim is to explore the various images and emotions that a dream presents and evokes,
Eros
Sum of life-preserving instincts that are manifested as impulses to gratify basic needs, as sublimated impulses, and as impulses to protect and preserve the body and mind
Einstein
Theory of General Relativity
- geometric theory of gravitation
- -modern physics
Formalism
The study of art by analyzing and comparing form and style - the way the objects are made and their purely visual aspects
Re-presentation
State of being presented again
–A new presentation;
Conceptual
Is art for which the idea (or concept) behind the work is more important than the finished art object.
**The concept, or idea, behind it is that everyday objects become art when looked at outside of their uses.
Perceptual
Ability to interpret or become aware of something through the senses
Naturalism
Favoured direct, objective, realistic and moral painting.
Visual Memory
A form of memory which preserves some characteristics of our senses pertaining to visual experience.
Visual Literacy
Able to read, comprehend, interpret, debate, and make meaning
German Expressionism
German art movement that emphasized the artist’s inner feelings or ideas over replicating reality, and was characterised by simplified shapes, bright colours and gestural marks or brushstrokes.
- *** German expressionist artists:
- Die Brücke (The Bridge)
- Ernst Ludwig Kirchner,
- Wassily Kandinsky
- Franz Marc.
Die Brücke
Group of German expressionist artists formed in Dresden in 1905.
- **Founding members were Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff.
- **Indicate the group’s desire to “bridge” the past and present.
- – Far more aggressive, nihilistic and anarchic in spirit, with discordant colours, harsh, jagged outlines and
Der Blaue Reiter
A group of artists united in rejection of the Neue Künstlervereinigung München in Munich, Germany
- **Artists explored the spiritual values of art as a counter to [what they saw as] the corruption and materialism of their age
- —Founders included :
- Alexej von Jawlensky
- Marianne von Werefkin
Cubism
style of art that stresses abstract structure at the expense of other pictorial elements especially by displaying several aspects of the same object simultaneously and by fragmenting the form of depicted objects.
**to decompose realistic subjects into geometric shapes to help give them perspective and distinct impressions,
Analytic
***Logical
Analytic Cubism- This form of Cubism analyzed the use of rudimentary shapes and overlapping planes to depict the separate forms of the subjects in a painting.
Synthetic
Style of artwork that includes characteristics like simple shapes, bright colors, and little to no depth.
- -Broke down an object from multiple viewpoints and re-configured them so that every aspect of the image could be visible on a 2D plane
- Use of mixed media and collage and the creation of a flatter space
- Greater use of color and greater interest in decorative effects.
Collage
Art made by sticking various different materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric on to a backing
Abstract Art
Art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colors, and textures.
Futurism
Artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized dynamism, speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane, and the industrial city.
– Started by Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, who wrote the Futurist Manifesto.
Dynamism
Term often tied to the Italian Futurists, is applied to both abstract and figurative works that suggest movement and energy.
Mechanical Age
Lot of new technologies were developed in this era due to an explosion of interest in computation and information
World War I
Artists began to reject avant-garde styles, such as Cubism and Futurism,
Influenced by: Dada, Surrealism, Pop Art, Conceptual Art, and Neo-Expressionism.
Spanish Flu, 1918 Flu Pandemic
Existential drama, speak to feelings of trauma and despair that were widespread amid a pandemic that killed at least 50 million people
- the outbreak magnified the absurdity of the moment
Dada
Art movement formed during the First World War in Zurich in negative reaction to the horrors and folly of the war. The art, poetry and performance produced by dada artists is often satirical and nonsensical in nat
- Anti-war, anti-bourgeois and had political affinities
Aleatory/Chance
Relating to or denoting music or other forms of art involving elements of random choice during their composition, production, or performance.
Biomorphic
Forms or images are ones that while abstract nevertheless refer to, or evoke, living forms such as plants and the human body
- models artistic design elements on naturally occurring patterns or shapes reminiscent of nature and living organisms.
Readymade
A found object, or found art, is art created from undisguised, but often modified, items or products that are not normally considered materials from which art is made, often because they already have a non-art function.
- First used by French artist Marcel Duchamp to describe the works of art he made from manufactured objects
Photomontage
Is the process and the result of making a piece by cutting, gluing, rearranging and overlapping two or more photographs into a new image.
- Haussmann, Hannah Hoch
Mexican Revolution
Major revolution that included a sequence of armed struggles that transformed Mexican culture and government.
Mexican Modernism
An artistic movement that flourished in Mexico in the early 1920s, following the Mexican Revolution
- Art’s goal was to be instructive, to reproduce the layered histories of Mexico, the life and customs of its people, and to be accessible to the public.
Muralism
The main artistic means by which these post-revolutionary ideals were transmitted. Murals were meant to be available and visible to the population
- Movement that attempted to create a new national identity in Mexico after the Revolution through original art that reflected Mexican cultures and traditions
Murals
Honored Mexico’s past, called attention to the socio-political conditions of the working class.
Mexicanidad
Depiction of the traditions of the Mexican people, juxtaposing both their Indigenous cultures with their Spanish colonial past,
Mestiza
Racial classification used to refer to a person of a combined White and Indigenous American ancestry.
- Frida Kahlo (German/ Spanish/ Indigenous)
Russian Revolution
period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire and began during the First World War.
- Social and cultural revolution as inseparable and the artistic avant-garde embraced the new opportunities.
Suprematism
An art movement focused on basic geometric forms, such as circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colors. …
- The term suprematism refers to an abstract art based upon “the supremacy of pure artistic feeling” rather than on visual depiction of objects.
- Kazimir Malevich, El Lissitzky
Constructivism
A style or movement in which assorted mechanical objects are combined into abstract mobile structural forms.
- The movement originated in Russia in the 1920s and has influenced many aspects of modern architecture and design.
- Beginning in 1915 by Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko
Surrealism
20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature which sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.
- Largely influenced by Dada
Automatism
The avoidance of conscious intention in producing works of art, especially by using mechanical techniques or subconscious associations.
- Artist suppresses conscious control over the making process,
Uncanny
A concept in art associated with psychologist Sigmund Freud which describes a strange and anxious feeling sometimes created by familiar objects in unfamiliar contexts
- Surrealist movement made artworks that combined familiar things in unexpected ways to create uncanny feelings.
- something can be familiar and yet alien at the same time
Exquisite Corpse
A collaborative drawing approach first used by surrealist artists to create bizarre and intuitive drawings
Synaesthesia
Defined as the simultaneous perception of two or more stimuli as one gestalt experience
- Wide variety of artists’ experiments that have explored the co-operation of the senses
Universality
Art which are loved by the greatest number of. people are the most universal works of art
Affinity
A strong liking for or attraction to someone or something
Modernism
The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new forms of art, philosophy, and social organization which reflected the newly emerging industrial world, including features such as urbanization, new technologies, and war.
- Artists attempted to depart from traditional forms of art
Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)
home for some of the greatest works of avant-garde painting, sculpture, film, and multi-media art in the world
Degenerate Art
(Entartete Kunst)
A term adopted in the 1920s by the Nazi Party in Germany to describe modern art.
- Art that did not support the ideals of Nazism
