Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to MLT 110 study guide 3 > Final exam intro to mlt > Flashcards

Final exam intro to mlt Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

A

serum-liquid portion of blood after clotting

plasma-liquid portion or blood without the cells after spin down in a anticoagulant tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the primary function of the anticoagulant sodium fluoride?

A

inhibits glycolisis

anti-glycolitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hematology anitcoagulant

A

EDTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Coagulation anticoagulant

A

Sodium citrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chemistry anticoagulant

A

Heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is freezing whole blood not normally recommended to preseve a specimen?

A

lyse red cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 primary reasons patients are placed in isolation rooms?

A
  • to protect healthcare workers and visitors from infection

- to protect immunocompromised patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does EDTA prevent clotting?

A

by binding or chelating calcium in the form of potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does heparin prevent clotting?

A

inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sites for capillary puncture on an adult?

A

finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where would you not want to perform capillary punture?

A

ear lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the preferred area on a finger for puncture?

A

middle or ring finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

bruise/bleeding under the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes a hematoma?(placement of needle senerios)

A

puncture through vein and partially inserting needle into vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

State the consequences of pushing a tube onto the needle BEFORE entering the patients vein?

A

blows out the vacuum and contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do you remove the tube from the needle prior to withdrawing from the patients arm?

A

to release the vacuum from the tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are clot activators?

A

substances that inhibit or enhance coagulatio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are examples of clot activators?

A

glass and silica
thrombin
siliceous earth
celite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does a sclerosed vein feel like when palpated?

Should these veins be used?

A

hard and rope like

No do not use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is edema?

A

swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is fistula?

A

direct connection between and artery and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is fistula important to consider when deciding on site selection for venipuncture?

A

cannot be used due to risk to infection and or damage …generally used for dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a bevel?

A

slanted tip on the hollow venipuncute needle that enters the vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What abnormalities should you look for on a bevel before venipuncture is performed?

A

inspect for spurs, bent tip and damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why are therapeutic drug monitoring tests often timed collect testing?

A

everyone metabolize drugs at a different rate

maximize its effectiveness and prevent toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the correct anatomical term for the heel bone?

A

calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does skin puncture blood most closely resemble?

A

arterial blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why is routine or strict isolation used?

A

patient isolated to prevent the spread of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What protective equipment must be used during routine and strict isolation?

A

Gown, gloves and mask

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is protective or reverse isolation?

A

patient is isolated to protect them from infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the purpose of protective or reverse isolation?

A

Usually immunocompromised patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What patients go through protective or reverse isolation?

A

patients on radiation, leukemia patients and burn victims

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What type of PPE should be worn with protective or reverse isolation patients?

A

gown, mask, gloves, hair net and shoe booties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does an abnormal retraction of a blood vessel wall during venipuncture cause?

A

vein collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the MOST important thing you should do before performing any type of specimen collection on a patient?

A

ID the patient

36
Q

what should you do if a patient refuses to let you collect a specimen on them?

A

Tell the nurse or DR

37
Q

Why should you allow the alcohol on the skin to dry properly before inserting the needle?

A

painful to patients

lyse red cells

38
Q

Specimens should always be labeled where and when?

A

immediately after collecting or before going anywhere else

39
Q

Where would the bevel on the needle fall that it would NOT allow collection of a blood specimen?

A

not inserted all the way
penetration through the vein
alongside the vein

40
Q

What are some possible techniques for transferring blood from a syringe into the proper collection tubes?

A

transfer device

41
Q

What is the proper puncture sit on an infants heel for skin puncture?

A

lateral and medial side of plantar surface

42
Q

when the red stopper tube in spun down what type of specimen does it yield?

A

serum and clotted red cells

43
Q

How must a collection site be prepared for collecting blood cultures? Why?

A

cleansed with betadyne in a non-overlapping circular motion to ensure the site is sterile and prevent contamination with normal skin bacteria

44
Q

In therapeutic drug monitoring, the highest concentration of the drug during a dosing interval is called what?

A

peak

45
Q

How do you collect specimens for a glucose tolerance test?

A

fasting for 8-12 hours. Patient drinks glucose drink, mark the time and the specimen is drawn at 1 hour intervals from the end of drinking the solution

46
Q

Does the order of draw change depending on the collection equipment you use? (straight needle, butterfly, syringe)

A

no

47
Q

Why should the site be warmed before performing a skin puncture?

A

increase blood flow

48
Q

Why is controlling the depth of your lancet important during skin puncture?

A

to avoid hitting the bone and prevent excess bleeding

49
Q

What step must you take, when doing a skin puncture, to eliminate tissue fluid contamination?

A

wipe first drop

50
Q

What is a possible consequence of mixing a tube to vigorously?

A

hemolysis

51
Q

What are extra steps you should take on a child prior to venipuncture ? What should you not do?

A

Calm patient, gain their trust and be patient

Do NOT tell them it will not hurt

52
Q

Why should a patient NOT pump their fist prior to a venipuncture?

A

hemoconcentration

53
Q

What is the most critical error a phlebotomist can make?

A

ID error on patient

54
Q

what indicator lets you know you are in the vein when doing a syringe draw?

A

flash

55
Q

What is the longest amount of time a tourniquet should be tied on a patients arm prior to venipuncture?

A

1 min

56
Q

The alcohol prep pads used for cleaning a puncture site are 70% or 90% isopropyl alcohol?

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

57
Q

Give a couple examples of coagulation tests?

A

PT, PTT

58
Q

What color tubes are coagulation tests collected in?

A

light blue

59
Q

What is the anticoagulant used in coagulation test tubes?

A

Sodium citrate

60
Q

What should you do if your patient does not have an ID band, but is also not conscious or able to identify themselves?

A

find a nurse or dr that can ID the patiend

61
Q

How should you handle questions from a patient about what tests your’re drawing and what they mean?

A

State that you are only there to get the blood and defer to the dr. Be vague but honest

62
Q

Do you ever draw above and IV site?

A

No

63
Q

What should you do if you cannot draw on a patients arms because of multiple IV’s?

A

IV off for 15 mins or find a different site

64
Q

Why is it so important to mix anticoagulant tubes thoroughly after filling them?

A

to ensure complete anticoagulation and to prevent micro-clot formation

65
Q

If your needle gauge choices were 18,20,22,23 or 25 which of these would have the smallest and the largest bore?

A

25 smallest

18 largest

66
Q

Small veins on a patient will collapse when what occurs?

A

pulling syringe too fast and too much suction

67
Q

What indication might alert you to the possibility that you have entered an artery and not a vein during a venipuncture?

A

bright red blood squirting into the tube

68
Q

What is the number one cause of hemoconcentration during venipuncture?

A

tourniquet on too long

69
Q

Is water considered an acceptable thing to drink before fasting sample is drawn? coffee? smoking?

A

water ok
coffee no
smoking no

70
Q

apperance of normal serum

A

straw yellow or clear

71
Q

appearance of normal plasma

A

straw yellow slightly opaque

72
Q

appearance of hemolyzed serum

A

clear red

73
Q

appearance of icteric serum

A

dark yellow/brown

74
Q

appearance of lipemic serum

A

milky white

75
Q

color stopper for heprin

A

green

76
Q

color stopper for NO additive

A

red

77
Q

color stopper for EDTA

A

lavender

78
Q

color stopper for Sodium citrate

A

light blue

79
Q

color stopper for silicon serum separation material

A

red-gray or gold

80
Q

color stopper for sodium fluoride

A

light gray

81
Q

SPS

A

yellow

82
Q

Why does the order or draw exist?

A

to prevent cross over contamination of additives

83
Q

Order of draw #1

A

blood cultures (yellow or yellow-black top)

84
Q

Order of draw #2 or #1 if no blood cultures ordered

A

coagulation (light blue top, sodium citrate)

85
Q

Order of draw # 3

A

no additive (red top)

86
Q

Order of draw #4 in order

A

SST (red-grey or gold) Contains a gel seperator and clot activator
Sodium Heparin ( green)
PST (light green top) contains lithium heparin
EDTA (lavender top)
ACDA or ACDB (yellow top) contains acid citrate dextrose
Oxalate/flouride (light gray)

87
Q

order of draw acrynom

A

You, Bring, Really, Tangy, Grape ,Lollipops, Yodeling, Girl

Intro to MLT 110 study guide 3 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions