Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam 2 - Health Psych > Final Exam - Health Psych > Flashcards

Final Exam - Health Psych Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what is cancer

A

group of diseases characterized by the presence of new cells growing and spreading beyond control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

effect of the introduction of distilled alcohol in England in the 18th century

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

types of cancer - carcinomas (malignant)

A

cancers of epithelial tissue, cells that line outer and inner surfaces of body (skin, stomach lining, mucuous membranes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

types of cancer - sarcomas (malignant)

A

cancers that arise from cells in connective tissue (bone, muscle, cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

types of cancer - leukemias (malignant)

A

cancer that originates in the blood or blood forming cells (stem cells in bone marrow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

types of cancer - lymphoma (malignant)

A

cancer of lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

risk factors of cancer

A

-radiation, asbestos, pesticides, pollution
-smoking
-diet, consumption of preserved meats
-alcohol
-sedentary lifestyle, obesity
-ultraviolet light exposure
-unsafe sexual behavior
-advancing age
-family history and genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

types of cancer - benign

A

remain localized, usually less threatening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

types of cancer - malignant

A

-spread
-usually more dangerous (invade and destroy surrounding tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

effects of the 18th amendment

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes of cancer deaths

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

etiologies of cancer

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

death rates for types of cancer

A

-lung cancer: 22% of all cancer deaths
-breast cancer
-30 % women
-colorectal cancer: 2nd leading cause of cancer death in US (50% of all US cancer deaths)
-liver cancer (3.6%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rates of cancers in ethnic groups

A

-African Americans: High incidence for most cancer (greater death rate)
-diagnosis comes at a later stage (lower survival rates)
-Hispanic, Asian, and Native Americans have lower rates than African and European Americans for cancer sites and 4 most common cancers
-Asian Americans: higher mortality rate for stomach and liver cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ethnicity and alcohol use/abuse rates

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

relationship of BRCA genes to breast cancer

A

-mutated form of BRCA1: 7x more likely to develop breast cancer
-form of breast cancer involving BRCA1 and BRCA2: responsible for no more than 10% of breast cancer cases
-5-10% of cancer cases due to genetic variations
-BRCA2 mutation: greater risk for alcohol induced breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

side effects of cancer treatment

A

-fear, anxiety, loss of hair, depression, fatigue
-radiation: burns, hair loss, vomiting, fatigue, sterility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

best types of social support for cancer patients

A

-social support comes from health care professionals, family, friends, support groups
-health care professionals: instrumental support
-family and friends: emotional support
-cancer patients have better odds of survival if married (medical adherence, emotional support)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is liver cirrhosis

A

liver disease resulting in production of nonfunctional scar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mortality rates for cancers

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

effects of alcohol on pregnancy

A

-developmental problems for fetus (congential malformations of respiratory and musculoskeletal systems)
-fetal alcohol syndrome
-facial abnormalities, growth deficiencies, central nervous system disorders, cognitive deficits
-light drinking: miscarriages and stillbirths
-binge drinking: deficits in cognitive functioning
-moderate drinking: conduct disorders

22
Q

coping mechanisms for chronic illness

A

-Asthma: Increase education, boost self care and adherence, develop written action plan
-Diabetes: Research, adherence, social support, lifestyle changes
-Alzheimer’s: drugs, cognitive stimulation, modification of environment

23
Q

prevalence of depression in Alzheimer’s patients

A

-common
-20% of patients exhibit symptoms of clinical depression

24
Q

impact of caregiving for Alzheimer’s patients on family members

A

-emotional and practical burden
-time, demand new skills, disrupt family routine
-women more burdened providing care than men
-chronic stress (poor physical, psychological health, and immunological functioning)
-more impaired patient more distressed caregiver

25
Q

morning experience in Alzheimer caregivers

A

-feelings of loss of relationship
-isolation and frustration

26
Q

effects of alcohol on sexual behavior in men

A

-

27
Q

differences between type-1 and type-2 diabetes

A

-type 1: autoimmune disorder, occurs before 30, cant produce insulin, no cure, frequent thirst/urination, caused by genetic factors, risk of kidney damage, insulin injections and dietary change, 5% of diabetics
-type 2: childhood or adulthood, mainly overweight, caused by lifestyle and genetic factors, risk of cvd damage, 90-95% of diabetics

28
Q

complications of type-1 and type-2 diabetes

A

-increases risk of CVD, damage to retina, kidney diseases, pancreatic cancer
-may affect sexual functioning
-test blood sugar levels daily

29
Q

child and adolescent reactions to diabetes

A

-effects ethnic minorities disproportionately
-emotional reaction to lifelong incurable disease
-lifestyle adjustments (restrictions in diet, insulin injections, regular exercise)

30
Q

risks of alcohol abuse

A

-tolerance, dependence, withdrawal, addiction
-2x mortality risks
-liver damage (cirrhosis of liver)
-Korsakoff syndrome (chronic cognitive impairment, severe memory problems, disorientation, inability to learn new information)
-harmful effect on cardiovascular system

31
Q

role of health psychologists in diabetic care

A

-research and treat diabetes
-effect of stress on glucose metabolism
-how diabetics understand and conceptualize illness
-dynamics of families with diabetic children
-improve adherence to medical regimens
-research diabetics understanding of illness and how understanding affects behavior

32
Q

diathesis-stress model and asthma

A

-stress may play a role in development of asthma
-acute and chronic stress increase risk of asthma attacks in children
-people who experienced more stress more likely to experience more problems with their asthma
-traditional view: asthma is allergic reaction triggered by environmental allergens

33
Q

cleanliness and the hygiene hypothesis

A

-asthma is a result of cleanliness
-infants have underdeveloped immune system
-encounter too many bacteria in hygienic environments
-immune systems underprepared to deal with bacteria
-exposure leads to unresponsiveness which leads to inflammation

34
Q

risk factors for asthma

A

-common in developed countries and urban areas
-environmental pathogens
-common for african americans
-sedentary lifestyle and obesity

35
Q

death rates of AIDS across time

A

-death rates have declined since 2005
-36 million people still infected
-2.1 million cases each year

36
Q

injection drug use and ethnicity

A

-injection drug use is high for African, hispanic, and European americans
-more women infected through injection drug use than men

37
Q

prevention of HIV

A

-wear protective gloves
-change unsafe sexual behaviors (wear protection)
-dont share needles with infected person

38
Q

relationship of alcohol abuse and partner violence

A

-intensifies violence

39
Q

common responses to death of a loved-one

A

-grief
-loss, bereavement
-growth
-stage theory of bereavement: disbelief, yearning, anger, depression, acceptance

40
Q

ways of contracting HIV

A

-during sex, direct contact with blood/blood products, transmission during pregnancy, birth, breastfeeding, injection drug use

41
Q

how does AIDS cause death?

A

-flu like symptoms (fever, sore throat, skin rash, headache)
-CD4 count falls (immune system is being destroyed)
-damage to organs, weight loss, fatigue, AIDS related dementia

42
Q

what is normal and high blood pressure

A

-hypertension: abnormally high blood pressure (eye damage and kidney failure)
-essential hypertension: chronic elevation of blood pressure
-normal:
-systolic <120
-diastolic <80
-Stage 1 hypertension:
-systolic 130-139
-diastolic 80-89
-Stage 2 hypertension
-systolic 140
-diastolic 90

43
Q

the functions of blood circulation

A

-supplies oxygen and removes waste products

44
Q

know what Marlatt’s alcohol research is about

A

-many effects of alcohol (impaired control) are due to expectancy than the pharmacological effect of alcohol
-balanced placebo design
-4 groups (2 expect to receive alcohol, 2 do not expect to receive alcohol)
-people who think they received alcohol behave as though they have
-expectancy controlling factor in craving for alcohol and amount consumed
-expectancy plays role in loss of control
-behavioral and cognitive therapy effective for problem drinkers

45
Q

movement of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (of the heart)

A
46
Q

what is angina pectoris

A

disorder involving restricted blood supply to myocardium (chest pain and restricted breathing)

47
Q

social learning model of drinking

A

-explanation for why people begin to drink, why they continue to drink in moderation, why some people drink in a harmful manner
-drinking is a learned behavior
-people drink for 3 reasons
1.) taste of alcohol and immediate effects may bring pleasure
2.) drinking may allow person to escape from unpleasant situation
3.) person may learn to drink through observing others

48
Q

types of blood pressure and its effect on the young and old

A

-high diastolic blood pressure (affects younger individuals)
-most strongly related to cardiovascular risk
-essential hypertension (strongly related to aging)
-chronic elevation of blood pressure

49
Q

effects of Hallucinogens

A
50
Q

large scale studies of the effects of smoking

A

-causes lung, stomach, bladder, upper digestive, tract, esophagus, colon, prostate cancers
-25x more likely to die from cancer
-damages inner wall of arteries and and forms plaque in arteries
-forms blood clots
-inflammation in body (artery disease)
-emphysema and chronic bronchitis
-more likely to commit suicide
-problems with cognitive functioning

51
Q

risk factors of cardiovascular disease

A

-advancing age, family history
-gender (men die at younger ages than women from cvd)
-African americans have a 30% greater risk (high blood pressure) for cvd than whites
-Native, asian, hispanic, americans have lower rates
-hypertension
-serum cholesterol level: high serum cholesterol level related to cvd
-level of cholesterol circulating through bloodstream
-problems in glucose metabolism
-inflammation
-smoking
-weight and diet
-suppressed anger, stress, anxiety, and depression

Exam 2 - Health Psych (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions