Final Exam Grammar Structures Flashcards
basic 把 structure examples
sub. + ba + obj. + verb + result
- I place that book on the table.
我把那本书放在桌子上。
- Please clean your room!
请你把你的卧室打扫干净！
把 + verb 给
sub. + ba + obj. + verb 给 + other info
- The library let me borrow a book.
图书馆把一本书借给我。
- My roommate introduced their mom to me.
我的室友把他的妈妈介绍给我。
把 + verb 成
sub. + ba + obj. + verb 成 + other info
- I saw the cat as a dog.
我把猫看成一只狗。
- I heard shu as shi.
我把“书”听成“师”。
final state 把
- He put the phone in the bag.
他把手机放进书包了。 - I packed my suitcase all the way.
我把行李收拾好了。
resultative complement 把
- You finished your homework.
把你的作业做完了。 - My homework exhausts me to death!
我的作业把我累死了！
先 … 再/然后
sub. + 先 + v(o), 再/然后 sub. + v(o)
- First I go to class, then I have lunch.
我先上课， 然后吃午饭。
- I washed my clothes first, then I cleaned the floor.
我先把我的衣服挂好，再打扫了我的地。
负责
to be responsible for
- What are you responsible for?
你负责做什么?
- Who is in charge here?
那里谁负责？
- I am responsible for bringing the gifts up.
我负责把礼物搬上来。
- I am responsible for doing my work.
我负责做工作。
快(要) … 了
something will happen soon
sub. + 快(要) + verb + 了
- The new year is coming soon.
新年快要到了。
- The weather is going to get warmer soon.
天气快暖和了。
就要 … 了
something is about to happen
sub. + 就要 + verb + 了
- We are going to have a test in a week.
还有一个星期我们就要考试了。
- They are going to go to the beach tomorrow.
他们明天就要去海滩了。
想(不)起来
sub. + 想起来 + v. + sub.
- Do you all remember learning this?
你们想起来学过这个吗？
- I don’t remember, we learned it a long time ago.
我想不起来，我们很久以前学的。
- I remember I left my phone on top of the table.
我想起来我把我的手机留在桌子上了。
- I don’t remember how to get to school.
我想不起来怎么去学校。
resultative complements
完 finished
到 continuation to a certain point
在 ends at a certain place
开 away
上 together
成 become
会 mastered
懂 understand
给 ownership change
对 correctly
错 mistake
好 desired state or completion of action
坏 bad
RC examples
- I finished speaking
我说完了。 - I did not read it wrong.
我没看错。 - I found two dogs.
我把两只狗找到了。 - She gave you a gift.
她送给你礼物了。 - I did not stand in class.
我没有站在课堂。
的时候 sentences
- When I am in Chinese class, I am happy.
我上中文课的时候，我很高兴。 - When he was young, he was very handsome.
他中年的时候，看起来也不错。 - When it is my birthday, I will drink a lot of Coke.
我过生日的时候，我会喝很多可乐。
帮 sentences
帮 + sub. + v. + other info
- Can you help buy me a cup of coffee?
请问，你可以帮我买一杯咖啡吗？
- I help other students with their exams.
我帮别的学生们做他们的考试。
意思phrases
interesting：有意思
not interesting： 没有意思
what does it mean?： 什么意思？
not a big deal：没什么， 小意思
good idea： 好意思
意思 sentence examples
- I don’t understand what you mean.
我不明白你的意思。 - do you understand me?
你懂我的意思吗？ - This story is not interesting.
这个故事没有意思。 - History class is not interesting, but Chinese class is.
历史课没有意思，可是中文课有意思。
对 for interest
对 + something + 感兴趣
- I am interested in watching movies.
我对看电影感兴趣。
- What are you interested in?
你对什么感兴趣？
- I am not interested in learning math.
我对学数学不感兴趣。
对 for helpful to
A 对 B + 有帮助
- Studying every day is helpful for understanding Chinese.
每天学习对懂中文有帮助
对 for benefits
A 对 B 有好处/有坏处
- Eating a lot of green vegetables and fruit is beneficial for your health.
吃很多青菜和水果对你的健康好处。
对 for useful to
A 对 B 有用处
- Exercising is useful for staying healthy
运动对保持(bao3chi2)健康有用处
一直 as always
- I always want to eat a lot
我一直想吃很多.
一直 as walking straight
一直走
- Walk straight ahead from there, then you will arrive.
从那儿往前一直走，就到了。
yesterday, last week, last month, last year, last time
昨天，上个星期，上个月，去年，上次/前一次
today, this week, this month, this year, this time
今天，这个星期，这个月，今年，这次
tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, next time
明天，下个星期，下个月，明年，下次/后一次
time sentence structure
time + sub. + other info 或者 sub. + time + etc.
- I saw you four times yesterday.
昨天我见过你四次。
- Last year, I lived in Williamsburg.
去年我住在威廉斯堡。
- How many months ago did you go to China?
你几个月以前去过中国？
How many days, weeks, months, years, time?
多少天，几个星期，几个月，多少年，多少次？
directional complements in a direction
in: 进
out: 出
up: 上
down: 下
return: 回
across: 过
ascend: 起 (来)
DC in relation to speaker
go: 去
come: 来
directional completement sentences
sub. + verb + DC
- Please, come inside!
请你进来！
- The dog ran downstairs.
狗跑下楼了。
- I want to go outside and play.
我想出去外边玩。
- Dad moved my books out of the car.
爸爸把我的书从车里搬了出来。
好像 sentences
sub. + 好像 + v/adj.
- He seems like a good student.
他好像很好的学生。
- That cat seems hungry. I should give him a lot of food.
那只猫好像很饿。我应该给他很多饭。
- You seem to be very sleepy.
你好像很困。
着 continuous modifier examples
sub. + v. + 着 + other info
- My friend is wearing a blue coat.
我的朋友穿着一件蓝色(yi jian4 lan2se) 的外套。
- The computer is on the table.
桌子上放着电脑。
- She is sitting down
她坐着。
着 the way in which a verb is happening
adj/v1 + 着 + v2
- Mother is standing while cooking.
妈妈站着做饭。
- You should try getting up earlier.
你应该试着早点起床。
多 adjectives
high/tall: 高
long: 长 zhang3
far: 远 yuan3
fast: 快
heavy: 重 zhong4
big: 大
how (多)? sentences
sub. + verb + (有)多 + adj.
- “How heavy are you?” “I weigh 200 pounds.”
“请问，你有多重？” “我有重两百磅。”
- “How fast can he run?” “He can run 50 miles per hour.”
”他跑步跑得又快？“ ”他能每小时跑五十英里。“
- How long? (time)
多长时候(了)?
不到 sentences
sub. + 不到 + # [measure word] + noun
- There are less than 10 phones in this box.
这个箱子里的手机不到十个。
- I am less than 21 years old, so I can’t drink alcohol.
我不到二十一岁，所以我不可以喝酒精。
more than (多) sentences
多 + verb
- I am more than 21 years old, so I can drink alcohol.
我二十一岁多了，所以我可以喝酒精。
- I have a little more money than you.
我的钱比你的多一点儿。
emphatic structure sentences
S 连 V 都/也 O
- This question is so difficult, even John doesn’t know how to solve it.
这个问题很难，连 John 都不会做这个问题。
S 连 O 都/也 V
- You have even seen this movie, this movie is so new!
你连这部电影都看过，这部电影太新了！
过 experiential sentences
v. + 过 … 没有？或者 过… 吗？
- Have you ever seen the Beijing Opera?
你看过京剧吗？
- I have never been to the Great Wall.
我没有去过长城。
- He said he had eaten that snack before.
他说他以前吃过那种小吃。
- I have already taken a shower.
我洗过澡了。
these two things are (not) the same
A 跟 B 一样
- You look just as young as before.
您看起来跟以前一样年轻。
A 像 B 一样
- I run as fast as my older sister.
我跑的像姐姐跑得一样快。
A 和 B 一样
- My friend and I are not the same height.
我和我的室友高不一样
A is more than B (sometimes with quantifiers)
A 比 B (… 多了，一点儿）
- I have more white hair than before.
我的白头发比以前多了。
A is less than B
A 没有（或者不如） B （那么）
- Now compared to before I am not as energetic.
我现在不如以前精神了。
- Her food is not as tasty as mine.
她做的菜没有我做的菜好吃。
relative comparison
- I think my test is relatively difficult.
我觉得我的考试比较难。
superlative comparison
- Dumplings are the best dish.
饺子是最好的菜。
emphatic degree comparision
- She is a good professor, but he is even better.
她是个好教授，可是他更好。
gradual change comparison
- As spring approaches, it gets warmer day by day.
春天正在来快了，天琦一天比一天暖和了。
potential complement options
able to find: 找得到
unable to sleep: 睡不着
able to afford: 买得起
able to help: 帮得到
able to do: 做得了
to have enough time to: 来得及
visible: 看得见
able to buy: 买得到
able to reserve: 订得到
able to move: 搬得动
potential complement sentence examples
- It is 12:50, we don’t have time to take the test.
现在是十二点五十分钟，我们来不及考试。 - When my teacher speaks Chinese, I am not able to understand her.
我的老师说中文的时候，我听不懂。 - I can afford plane tickets to Hong Kong.
我买得起去香港的机票。
double 了 sentences
s + v + 了 + duration + 了
- I have been learning Chinese for three years.
我已经学中文学了三年了。
- My little brother has been living in Germany for more than six months.
我弟弟已经在德国了六个月多了。
compass directional terms
north: 北 bei3
south: 南 nan2
east: 东 dong1
west: 西 xi1
May I ask, how can I go to this place?
请问，这个地方怎么走？
May I ask, do you know how to get to…?
请问，你知道怎么去。。。吗？
directional grammar
- Go ___
往。。。走
往东走。 - Walk to ___
走到。。。
走到第四个交叉口。 - Turn ___
往。。。转
往左转。
First you go forward from here, walk until you reach the intersection ahead, then turn right.
先你从这儿往前走，走到前面的交叉口，然后往右转。
more and more
越来越
- As kids grow up, they get taller and taller.
孩子们长大了，他们越来越高。
the more A, the more B
越 A, 越 B
- The more energetic you are, the better your learning results will be.
你越精神，学习效果越好。
