FINAL EXAM FULL STUDY GUIDE Flashcards
What is Matter?
Anything that has mass & volume
Homogenous
Same composition + properties throughout. Ex. Koolaid
cannot pick out
Heterogenous
Different composition + properties throughout. Ex. Trailmix
can pick out
What are Properties
Characteristics used to distinguish one sample of matter from another.
What are Chemical Properties
Characteristics that are observed when the material undergoes a chemical change or chemical reaction and forms a new substance. Ex. Reacts With Acid
What are Physical Properties
Characteristics that do not change the chemical nature of matter. These are observed without creating a new substance.
Physical Change
No new kinds of matter + Particles are still the same. Sometimes Reversible. Like the change of state or dissolving. Ex. Tearing Paper, Freezing Water & Cutting Vegetables
Chemical Change
Different Materials with different properties. Irreversible. Like cooking/heat exposure, chemical reaction, and rusting. Ex Burning wood, Rusting nails & bleaching your hair.
Clues Of Chemical Change
Heat is released
Bubbling
Irreversible
Change in color
New substance is formed
Period vs Group
Period is horizontal rows, Groups are vertical columns
Where are metals located + What are their properties?
Metals are located on the left side of the periodic table & their properties are Solid except Mercury, Shiny Lustre, Ductile, and Malleable, and are good conductors of heat + electricity.
Where are semi-metals located + What are their properties?
Semi-metals are located along a diagonal line separating metals + non-metals & their properties are Solid, Luster shiny or dull, May conduct electricity, poor conductors of heat, brittle and not ductile.
Where are non-metals located + What are their properties?
Non-metals are located on the right side of the periodic table & their properties are all states of matter, not shiny, poor conductors, brittle and not ductile.
What are some chemical families and their properties?
1) Noble Gases + odorless, colorless, nonflammable, & monotonic gases that have low chemical reactivity.
2) Halogens + have very different physical properties all different states but all very reactive.
3) Alkali Metals + high thermal and electrical conductivity, lustre, ductility, and malleability.
4) Alkaline Earth Metals + highly metallic and are good conductors of electricity.
Where are the chemical families located on the Periodic Table
Noble Gases: Last Column on the right side
Halogens: One to the left of Noble Gases
Alkali Metals: First Column on the left, all except hydrogen
Alkaline earth metals: One to the right of Alkali Metals
Where are protons, electrons and neutrons located
Protons and Neutrons are in the nucleus, Electrons are in the shells
What are valence electrons
Electrons on the last shell
How to calculate number of Protons
Using the atomic number, or by subtracting the number of neutrons from the atomic weight
How to calculate number of electrons
equal to number of protons unless it is an ion, in which case go off of charge
How to calculate number of neutrons?
Mass Number minus the number of protons
Make a Bohr Diagram for either Oxygen, Iodine or Copper?
Draw circle in middle, add protons equivalent to atomic number, and minus that from the atomic weight to get neutrons, put neutrons in nucleus with protons, add shells with electrons equivalent to number of protons unless it is an ion.
What is Period used to find in Bohr Diagrams?
Number of shells
What is Group used to find in Bohr Diagrams?
Number of Valence electrons
What are the parts of a DNA molecule?
DNA consists of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules (Side of Ladder) and paired nitrogen bases (Steps of Ladder) also known as nucleotides.