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Body Systems > Final exam- extra review points > Flashcards

Final exam- extra review points Flashcards

1
Q

Basic limb plan

A
  • Flat bone = limb to spine
  • Single long bone connects limb to trunk
  • Joins 2 long bones
  • Row of 3 wrist/ankle bones
  • Row of 4 bones
  • 5 bones in hand and foot and corresponding digits
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2
Q

Movements of shoulder complex

A

1/3 scapulothoracic

• 2/3 glenohumeral

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3
Q

What is the interosseous membrane

A

Membrane between ulnar and radius, responsible for transferring load between the 2

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4
Q

Muscle function is indicated by

A
  • Attachments
  • Thickness
  • Length
  • Fibre arrangement
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5
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A
  • Supraspinatus = abduct
  • Infraspinatus = rotation
  • Teres minor = external rotators
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6
Q

Retinacula

A

Tough, fibrous connective tissue preventing tendons across wrist from bowstringing

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7
Q

Muscle groups for power grip

A
  • Distal IP joint flexors

* Wrist extensors

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8
Q

Muscle groups for precision

A
  • Proximal IP joint flexors

* Fine movers of hand- lumbricals interossei, thenar group

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9
Q

Long effort arm

A

Low gear = low speed, high force

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10
Q

Short effort arm

A

high gear = high speed, low force

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11
Q

Hip load bearing

A
  • Series of connected arches
  • Hip bone transmits load to head of femur
  • Involves bones and ligaments across joints
  • Eccentric contractions used to absorb impact during locomotion
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12
Q

Hip ligaments role

A
  • Redistribute load from sacrum to pelvis
  • Weight of upper body slightly anterior to sacrum
  • Ligaments prevent anterior rotation and dislocation
  • Sacrospinous, sacrotuberous
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13
Q

Ligaments limiting hip extension

A
  • Pubo-femoral
  • Ilio-femoral- takes load when standing to limit muscle use
  • Ischio-femoral
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14
Q

Knee ligament injuries

A
  • Hyperextension or blow to femur = ACL
  • Direct blow to tibia = PCL
  • Lateral blow or forced abduction = medial
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15
Q

Load bearing while standing

A
  • Iliofemoral ligament
  • Cruciate ligaments
  • Ankle joint
  • More efficient with minimal muscle activity
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16
Q

Plantar fascia

A

supports arches and acts as spring during gait

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17
Q

Ilio-tibial band

A

provides dynamic stability to knee laterally

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18
Q

Popliteus

A

small muscle back of knee, contracted to unlock knee

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19
Q

Soleus

A

postural muscle deep to gastrocnemius

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20
Q

Fontanelles

A

membranous connective tissue joining bones of infant skull

21
Q

Spine curvatures

A
  • Cervical lordosis
  • Thoracic kyphosis
  • Lumbar lordosis
  • Sacral kyphosis
22
Q

Ribs

A
  • 12 ribs
  • 7 true- articulate with sternum via costal cartilage
  • 5 false- 3 share common cartilaginous connection to sternum, 2 floating
23
Q

Movements of vertebral column

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Lateral bending
  • Twisting
24
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

protraction

25
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

sideways movement

26
Q

Facial expression

A
  • Frontalis = surprise
  • Orbicularis oris = smile, sneer, put and grimace
  • Zygomaticus = smile
  • Buccinators = trumpet player
  • Most muscles insert into connective tissue
27
Q

Platysma

A

muscle of anterior neck

28
Q

Scalene muscles

A

around neck, elevate rib cage for breathing

29
Q

Erector spinae muscles

A
  • Iliocostalis
  • Longissimus
  • Spinalis
30
Q

Premotor/ motor cortex

A

planning, initiating, directing voluntary movements

31
Q

Brainstem

A

basic movements, postural control

32
Q

Upper motor neurons

A

neurons in premotor/motor and brainstem

33
Q

Basal ganglia

A

gaiting, timing, initiation of movement

34
Q

Cerebellum

A

sensory-motor coordination, match output to intention

35
Q

Spinal cord

A
  • Motor neuron pools- motor output, fusimotor output

* Local circuit neurons- reflex coordination and modulation

36
Q

Pyramidal tract

A

connects spinal cord to upper motor neurons

37
Q

Motor system functions

A
  • Plan
  • Feed forward
  • Feed back
  • Learn
38
Q

Spindle fibres

A

measure length

39
Q

golgi tendon organs

A

measure force

40
Q

Sensory receptors

A
  • Mechano (proprioceptors)
  • Chemo
  • Thermos
  • Nociceptors
  • Photo
41
Q

Texture mechanoreceptors

A
  • Hair follicles
  • Meissner corp
  • Pacinian corp
42
Q

Pressure mechano

A
  • Ruffini endings

* Merkel endings

43
Q

Corticospinal pathway

A

fine motor control, ensures you don’t fall over while moving a limb

44
Q

Motor Planning/execution

A
  • Supplementary motor- my ideas
  • Lateral motor- my world
  • Primary motor- execution
45
Q

Motor measurement

A
  • Cerebellum
  • Movements intended v movements performed
  • Compares and corrects
  • Adjusts movements to match the environment
  • Cerebellum lesion = tremors and inability to correct errors in real time
46
Q

Vestibulocerebellum

A

head/eye movements, gait & posture

47
Q

Spinocerebellum

A

what you want v what you did

48
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

A

instantaneous motor learning

Body Systems (12 decks)

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