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RUSVM Animal Nutrition > Final Exam - Dr. Dascanio's Material (Equine) > Flashcards

Final Exam - Dr. Dascanio's Material (Equine) Flashcards

1
Q

A pony is < ____ hands high

A

A pony is < 14.2 hands high

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2
Q

An average horse is ___ to ___ hands high

A

An average horse is 15 to 17 hands high

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3
Q

For equines, each body condition score = ~___ lbs

A

For equines, each body condition score = ~50 lbs

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4
Q

What is the ideal BCS for a performance horse?

A

~4-5

(has a job; competition)

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5
Q

What is the ideal BCS for a pleasure horse?

A

~5-6

(horse kept for pleasure or for casual riding)

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6
Q

In equines, a BCS of ___ or above would be considered obese

A

In equines, a BCS of 7 or above or above would be considered obese

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7
Q

The average horse is about _____ lbs

A

1100

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8
Q

Where is the gall bladder located in the equine?

A

Equines don’t have a gallbladder, sucka!!

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9
Q

What is the site of absorption of vitamins and minerals in the equine?

A

small intestine

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10
Q

What is the primary site of water absorption in the equine?

A

large intestine

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11
Q

What is the maximal dry matter intake (DMI) for an equine during maintenance?

A

1.5-2% of body weight

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12
Q

What is the maximal dry matter intake (DMI) for an equine during peak lactation?

A

3% of body weight

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13
Q

What is the most common feeding strategy for equines?

A

Batch feeding

  • Hay and grain in morning
  • Hay and grain in evening
  • Not the natural way
  • Low amount of water ingested
  • Feces dry
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14
Q

Textured feeds often have __________ added to them for increased palatability and to reduce dust

A

Textured feeds often have molasses added to them for increased palatability and to reduce dust

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15
Q

What are some problems associated with high concentrate diets?

A
  • Too much delivery of starch to LI
  • Fermented
    • Diarrhea, colic and laminitis as for fructans
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16
Q

Mucosal damage occurs with bacterial change as a result of ___________

A

Mucosal damage occurs with bacterial change as a result of grain overload

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17
Q

Why would we want to avoid tall fescue?

A
  • Less palatable
  • Does not recover well
  • Fungus present in fescue
    • Possible toxicity especially to pregnant mares
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18
Q

__________ are the storage carbohydrate of growing grasses

A

fructans are the storage carbohydrate of growing grasses

Oligosaccharides of fructose

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19
Q

Why are fructans dangerous for equines?

A
  • Not digested by mammalian enzymes
  • Escape SI digestion
  • Rapidly fermented in LI (Produce lactic acid, lower pH –> inflammation of gut wall)
  • Approximately twice as dangerous as starch
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20
Q

Inflammation of laminae of hoof wall is known as __________

A

laminitis

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21
Q

The NSC content of hay can be reduced by ~ 30% by _______________

A

The NSC content of hay can be reduced by ~ 30% by soaking in water for 30 to 60 minutes

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22
Q

NSC above ___% may contribute to issues in problem horses

A

NSC above 12% may contribute to issues in problem horses

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23
Q

Identify this plant.

A

Alsike (Ladino) Clover

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24
Q

What are some problems associated with Alsike (Ladino) Clover

A

Unlike white clover, stem is erect

  • Linked to development of liver disease in horses
    • ​Nervous signs (hepatic encephalopathy)
    • wasting
    • Photosensitization
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25
Q

Identify this plant.

A

Red Clover

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26
Q

What are some problems associated with Red Clover?

A
  • Occasionally contaminated with fungus
    • Rhizoctonia leguminicola
  • ​Produces slaframines
    • ​Slobbering
    • Piloerection
    • Respiratory Distress
  • Toxin slowly degraded during storage of hay
  • Also a source of phytoestrogens
27
Q

Nutrient requirements of equines are based on:

A
  • Type of horse
  • Age
  • Current body weight and condition
  • Physiologic state
28
Q

For an 1100 lb (500 kg) horse, the energy requirement for maintenance is:

A

~16.4 Mcal

= 1.4 + (0.03*Body weight in kg)

= 1.4 +(0.03*500)

29
Q

Quiet hacking 1-3 times a week, light schooling, occasional competitions etc. is considered what type of work?

A

light work

30
Q

Daily hacking 1-2 hours or 30-60 minutes schooling, riding club competitions etc. is considered what type of work?

A

moderate work

31
Q

Hard schooling sessions, regular show jumping, endurance, dressage competitions, racing, 3-day eventing is considered what type of work?

A

hard work

32
Q

Crude Protein Requirement for maintenance in equines is ___% of body weight

A

Crude Protein Requirement for maintenance in equines is 8% of body weight

33
Q

Crude Protein Requirement for pregnant mares in equines is ___% of body weight

A

Crude Protein Requirement for pregnant mares in equines is ~10% of body weight

34
Q

Crude Protein Requirement for weanlings in equines is ___% of body weight

A

Crude Protein Requirement for weanlings in equines is 14% of body weight

35
Q

What are the limiting amino acids in equines?

A

Lysine & threonine

36
Q

Good sources of ‘supplemental fat’ include:

A

corn oil, soy oil, rice bran

37
Q

What are some Problems Related to Feeding Preserved Feed?

A
  • cribbing
  • gastric ulcers
38
Q

What is happening in the image below?

A

cribbing

39
Q

Gastric ulcers are most common in what type of horse?

A

performance horses

40
Q

What is a big problem associated with feeding hay to horses?

A

Blister Beatles

  • Mainly found in alfalfa hay (Flowering stages)
  • Mid West, Southwest, Mountain Regions hay at greater risk for contamination
  • Colic, renal disease
41
Q

Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy can be seen as a result of __________

A

Vitamin E deficiency

42
Q

Leukoencephalomalacia

….well?

A

Moldy corn disease

  • (—Leuko= white; encephalo=brain)*
  • Fumonisin toxicity causes neurologic signs (mycotoxin)
  • Liquefactive necrosis of the cerebral white matter
43
Q

Where do you look on a horse to assess the BCS?

A
  • —Withers, crest of the neck —
  • Over the ribs, behind the shoulders —
  • Tailhead region (flat vs gutter looking)
44
Q

—What breed of horses have a dished face?

A

—Arabian horses

45
Q

—What is the maximum DM intake for a lactating mare?

A

—Lactating mare: DM intake = 3% BW

46
Q

—Which grass causes slobbering in horse?

A

—Red clover

47
Q

—What is a clinical sign of grain overload?

A

—Diarrhea (medical emergency)

48
Q

—What is the maintenance DE requirement for horses?

A

—Maintenance DE = 16.4Mcal

49
Q

—What is the increase DE for lactating mares?

A

—Lactating mare DE = 16.4 + 75%

50
Q

—What do you do with the hay for heevy horses?

A
  • —Soak the hay to limit dust —
    • 30 min in warm water
    • —60 min in cold water
51
Q

—What can you give a performance horse to prevent gastric ulcer?

A

—Aloe vera, alfalfa hay

52
Q

—Development orthopedic disease is due to too much __________

A

—Due to too much grain (energy)

53
Q

—Sudden dietary changes lead to:

A
  • Laminitis
  • colic
54
Q

Describe Monday Morning disease

A
  • —In working horses, being fed the same amount of grain, during the work week and resting weekend.
  • Excess carbohydrate storage in muscles -> build up of acid in muscle cell—
  • The next Monday, horse experience: —
    • Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis —
    • Tying up: muscle cramping
    • —Muscle breaking —
    • Myoglobin in blood and urine
55
Q

—What nutrients are poorly digested in geriatric horses?

A

—Protein, phosphorus and fiber

56
Q

—What pathogenesis would you see in an obese pony that has been off its feed?

A

—Hyperlipidemia leading to fatty liver

57
Q

—How would you calculate a weight loss ration for an obese horse?

A

—2% of current BW for 2 wks, 1.5% of current BW for 2 wks, 1.5% of desired BW for 2 wks

58
Q

—Should a starving horse initially be put on an energy dense ration to stimulate weight gain?

A

—No! Start on a poor to moderate quality hay and feed 50% of maintenance. Gradually increase and add in grain

59
Q

How much weight should a horse loose to go from a body condition score of 8 to a body condition score of 6?

A

100 lbs

60
Q

Developmental orthopedic disease (DOD) is most often associated with an excess of:

A

energy

61
Q

What is the daily energy requirement of a 1100 lb. horse in heavy work?

A

32.8 Mcal

62
Q

If hay was the only feedstuff, how much hay (on a dry matter basis) should a 1050 lb. horse at maintenance be able to eat each day?

A

15-20 lbs of hay

63
Q

Where are simple sugars and non-resistant starches broken down in the horse gastrointestinal tract?

A

Small intestine

64
Q

Which horse would tend to have a greater metabolic rate and thus potentially more nutrient demands? Consider these horses are not working.

a) clydesdale draft horse
b) arabian
c) Shetland pony
d) warmblood mare

A

Which horse would tend to have a greater metabolic rate and thus potentially more nutrient demands? Consider these horses are not working.

a) clydesdale draft horse

_b) arabian _

c) Shetland pony
d) warmblood mare

RUSVM Animal Nutrition (5 decks)

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