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RUSVM Animal Nutrition > Final Exam - Dr. Dascanio's Material (Equine) > Flashcards

Final Exam - Dr. Dascanio's Material (Equine) Flashcards

1
Q

A pony is < ____ hands high

A

A pony is < 14.2 hands high

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2
Q

An average horse is ___ to ___ hands high

A

An average horse is 15 to 17 hands high

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3
Q

For equines, each body condition score = ~___ lbs

A

For equines, each body condition score = ~50 lbs

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4
Q

What is the ideal BCS for a performance horse?

A

~4-5

(has a job; competition)

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5
Q

What is the ideal BCS for a pleasure horse?

A

~5-6

(horse kept for pleasure or for casual riding)

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6
Q

In equines, a BCS of ___ or above would be considered obese

A

In equines, a BCS of 7 or above or above would be considered obese

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7
Q

The average horse is about _____ lbs

A

1100

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8
Q

Where is the gall bladder located in the equine?

A

Equines don’t have a gallbladder, sucka!!

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9
Q

What is the site of absorption of vitamins and minerals in the equine?

A

small intestine

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10
Q

What is the primary site of water absorption in the equine?

A

large intestine

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11
Q

What is the maximal dry matter intake (DMI) for an equine during maintenance?

A

1.5-2% of body weight

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12
Q

What is the maximal dry matter intake (DMI) for an equine during peak lactation?

A

3% of body weight

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13
Q

What is the most common feeding strategy for equines?

A

Batch feeding

  • Hay and grain in morning
  • Hay and grain in evening
  • Not the natural way
  • Low amount of water ingested
  • Feces dry
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14
Q

Textured feeds often have __________ added to them for increased palatability and to reduce dust

A

Textured feeds often have molasses added to them for increased palatability and to reduce dust

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15
Q

What are some problems associated with high concentrate diets?

A
  • Too much delivery of starch to LI
  • Fermented
    • Diarrhea, colic and laminitis as for fructans
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16
Q

Mucosal damage occurs with bacterial change as a result of ___________

A

Mucosal damage occurs with bacterial change as a result of grain overload

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17
Q

Why would we want to avoid tall fescue?

A
  • Less palatable
  • Does not recover well
  • Fungus present in fescue
    • Possible toxicity especially to pregnant mares
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18
Q

__________ are the storage carbohydrate of growing grasses

A

fructans are the storage carbohydrate of growing grasses

Oligosaccharides of fructose

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19
Q

Why are fructans dangerous for equines?

A
  • Not digested by mammalian enzymes
  • Escape SI digestion
  • Rapidly fermented in LI (Produce lactic acid, lower pH –> inflammation of gut wall)
  • Approximately twice as dangerous as starch
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20
Q

Inflammation of laminae of hoof wall is known as __________

A

laminitis

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21
Q

The NSC content of hay can be reduced by ~ 30% by _______________

A

The NSC content of hay can be reduced by ~ 30% by soaking in water for 30 to 60 minutes

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22
Q

NSC above ___% may contribute to issues in problem horses

A

NSC above 12% may contribute to issues in problem horses

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23
Q

Identify this plant.

A

Alsike (Ladino) Clover

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24
Q

What are some problems associated with Alsike (Ladino) Clover

A

Unlike white clover, stem is erect

  • Linked to development of liver disease in horses
    • ​Nervous signs (hepatic encephalopathy)
    • wasting
    • Photosensitization
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25
Identify this plant.
Red Clover
26
What are some problems associated with Red Clover?
* Occasionally contaminated with fungus * Rhizoctonia leguminicola * ​Produces slaframines * ​Slobbering * Piloerection * Respiratory Distress * Toxin slowly degraded during storage of hay * Also a source of phytoestrogens
27
Nutrient requirements of equines are based on:
* Type of horse * Age * Current body weight and condition * Physiologic state
28
For an 1100 lb (500 kg) horse, the energy requirement for maintenance is:
~16.4 Mcal ## Footnote = 1.4 + (0.03\*Body weight in kg) = 1.4 +(0.03\*500)
29
Quiet hacking 1-3 times a week, light schooling, occasional competitions etc. is _considered what type of work?_
light work
30
Daily hacking 1-2 hours or 30-60 minutes schooling, riding club competitions etc. _is considered what type of work?_
moderate work
31
Hard schooling sessions, regular show jumping, endurance, dressage competitions, racing, 3-day eventing _is considered what type of work?_
hard work
32
Crude Protein Requirement for maintenance in equines is \_\_\_% of body weight
Crude Protein Requirement for maintenance in equines is **_8%_** of body weight
33
Crude Protein Requirement for _pregnant mares_ in equines is \_\_\_% of body weight
Crude Protein Requirement for pregnant mares in equines is **_~10%_** of body weight
34
Crude Protein Requirement for **weanlings** in equines is \_\_\_% of body weight
Crude Protein Requirement for weanlings in equines is **_14%_** of body weight
35
What are the _limiting amino acids_ in equines?
Lysine & threonine
36
Good sources of 'supplemental fat' include:
corn oil, soy oil, rice bran
37
What are some Problems Related to Feeding Preserved Feed?
* cribbing * gastric ulcers
38
What is happening in the image below?
cribbing
39
Gastric ulcers are most common in what type of horse?
performance horses
40
What is a big problem associated with feeding hay to horses?
**Blister Beatles** * Mainly found in alfalfa hay (Flowering stages) * Mid West, Southwest, Mountain Regions hay at greater risk for contamination * Colic, renal disease
41
Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy can be seen as a result of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Vitamin E deficiency
42
Leukoencephalomalacia ....well?
Moldy corn disease * (—Leuko= white; encephalo=brain)* * Fumonisin toxicity causes neurologic signs (mycotoxin) * Liquefactive necrosis of the cerebral white matter
43
Where do you look on a horse to assess the BCS?
* —Withers, crest of the neck — * Over the ribs, behind the shoulders — * Tailhead region (flat vs gutter looking)
44
—What breed of horses have a dished face?
—Arabian horses
45
—What is the maximum DM intake for a lactating mare?
—Lactating mare: DM intake = 3% BW
46
—Which grass causes slobbering in horse?
—Red clover
47
—What is a clinical sign of grain overload?
—Diarrhea (medical emergency)
48
—What is the maintenance DE requirement for horses?
—Maintenance DE = 16.4Mcal
49
—What is the increase DE for lactating mares?
—Lactating mare DE = 16.4 + 75%
50
—What do you do with the hay for heevy horses?
* —Soak the hay to limit dust — * 30 min in warm water * —60 min in cold water
51
—What can you give a performance horse to prevent gastric ulcer?
—Aloe vera, alfalfa hay
52
—Development orthopedic disease is due to too much \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
—Due to too much **_grain (energy)_**
53
—Sudden dietary changes lead to:
* Laminitis * colic
54
Describe Monday Morning disease
* —In working horses, being fed the same amount of grain, during the work week and resting weekend. * Excess carbohydrate storage in muscles -\> build up of acid in muscle cell— * The next Monday, horse experience: — * Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis — * Tying up: muscle cramping * —Muscle breaking — * Myoglobin in blood and urine
55
—What nutrients are poorly digested in geriatric horses?
—Protein, phosphorus and fiber
56
—What pathogenesis would you see in an obese pony that has been off its feed?
—Hyperlipidemia leading to fatty liver
57
—How would you calculate a weight loss ration for an obese horse?
—2% of current BW for 2 wks, 1.5% of current BW for 2 wks, 1.5% of desired BW for 2 wks
58
—Should a starving horse initially be put on an energy dense ration to stimulate weight gain?
—No! Start on a poor to moderate quality hay and feed 50% of maintenance. Gradually increase and add in grain
59
How much weight should a horse loose to go from a body condition score of 8 to a body condition score of 6?
100 lbs
60
Developmental orthopedic disease (DOD) is most often associated with an excess of:
energy
61
What is the daily energy requirement of a 1100 lb. horse in heavy work?
32.8 Mcal
62
If hay was the only feedstuff, how much hay (on a dry matter basis) should a 1050 lb. horse at maintenance be able to eat each day?
15-20 lbs of hay
63
Where are simple sugars and non-resistant starches broken down in the horse gastrointestinal tract?
Small intestine
64
Which horse would tend to have a greater metabolic rate and thus potentially more nutrient demands? Consider these horses are not working. a) clydesdale draft horse b) arabian c) Shetland pony d) warmblood mare
Which horse would tend to have a greater metabolic rate and thus potentially more nutrient demands? Consider these horses are not working. a) clydesdale draft horse **_b) arabian _** c) Shetland pony d) warmblood mare

RUSVM Animal Nutrition (5 decks)

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