final exam (deductive/inductive)

Question 1

Tim has been playing poker every day for the last three weeks and has not won once. He is playing poker tonight. He will probably win. [(deductive) valid/invalid OR (inductive) strong/weak]

Answer 1

Inductive, weak

Question 2

Some vegetables are cucumbers and all cucumbers are purple. Thus some vegetables are purple. [(deductive) valid/invalid OR (inductive) strong/weak]

Answer 2

Deductive, valid

Question 3

Since the Spanish American War occurred before the American Civil War and the American Civil war occured after the Korean war, it follows that the Spanish American War occured before the Korean War. [(deductive) valid/invalid OR (inductive) strong/weak]

Answer 3

Deductive, Invalid

Question 4

The vast majority of salesmen are extroverts. George Clooney is a salesman. therefore George Clooney is likely an extrovert. [(deductive) valid/invalid OR (inductive) strong/weak]

Answer 4

Inductive, strong

Question 5

Some candidates are republican and no republicans are democrats. Thus some candidates are democrats. [(deductive) valid/invalid OR (inductive) strong/weak]

Answer 5

Deductive, invalid

Question 6

PM Justin Trudeau is a woman. Since all women are politicians, it follows that Justin Trudeau is politician. [(deductive) valid/invalid OR (inductive) strong/weak]

Answer 6

Deductive, valid

Question 7

All television networks are media companies. NBC is a television network. Therefore NBC is a media company. [(deductive) valid/invalid/sound/unsound OR (inductive) strong/weak/cogent/uncogent]

Answer 7

Deductive, valid, sound

Question 8

All automakers are computer manufacturers. United Airlines is an automaker. Therefore, united airlines is a computer manufacturer. [(deductive) valid/invalid/sound/unsound OR (inductive) strong/weak/cogent/uncogent]

Answer 8

Deductive, valid, unsound

Question 9

All banks are financial instsitutions. Wells Fargo is a financial institution. Hence, wells fargo is a bank. [(deductive) valid/invalid/sound/unsound OR (inductive) strong/weak/cogent/uncogent]

Answer 9

Deductive, valid, unsound

Question 10

All dinosaur bones discovered to this day have been at least 40 million years old. Therefore probably the next dinosaur bone to be found will be at least 40 million years old. [(deductive) valid/invalid/sound/unsound OR (inductive) strong/weak/cogent/uncogent]

Answer 10

Inductive, strong, cogent.

Question 11

All meteorites found to this day have contained beef. Thus probably the next meteorite will contain beef. [(deductive) valid/invalid/sound/unsound OR (inductive) strong/weak/cogent/uncogent]

Answer 11

Inductive, strong, uncogent.

Question 12

Joe hasnt got a hit his last 17 at bats. So, joe likely will get a hit next time. [(deductive) valid/invalid/sound/unsound OR (inductive) strong/weak/cogent/uncogent]

Answer 12

Inductive, weak, uncogent

Question 13

All physicians are individuals who have earned degrees in political science and some lawyers are physicians. Therefore, some lawyers are persons who have earned degrees in political science. [(deductive) valid/invalid/sound/unsound OR (inductive) strong/weak/cogent/uncogent]

Answer 13

Deductive, valid, unsound

Question 14

Since WW1 occured after the american civil war and WW1 occured before WW2, it follows that WW2 occured before the american civil war.

Answer 14

Deductive, invalid, unsound