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TRI 4 - Integ > Final Exam content > Flashcards

Final Exam content Flashcards

1
Q

Describe moist wound healing

A

Allows epidermal cells to travel freely through exudate
Protects granulation tissue and promotes epithelialization
Barrier to microorganisms

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2
Q

What are some properties of an ideal dressing

A

Removes excess exudate without causing wound to dehydrate
Allows gaseous exchange
Thermally insulating

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3
Q

What are some practical considerations to dressings

A

Available
Cost effective
Ease of application and removal

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4
Q

Describe Film dressings

A

Skin protection for low exudate wounds
Wound visualization
Minor burns, simple injuries, post-op dressing

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5
Q

Describe foam dressings

A

Protects bony areas
wearable up to 7 days
Transmit vapor out of dressing
Exudate wounds

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6
Q

Describe hydrogels

A

Amorphous - free flowing
Sheet - thin and flexible as they absorb fluid
Moisture to dry wounds
Over tendons and tissues to prevent dehydration
Infected and necrotic wounds

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7
Q

Describe hydrocolloids

A 
change every 2-3 days
Provide moist environment
Form gel in wound
Burns, pressure injuries
Contraindicated for infections
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8
Q

Describe an alginate

A

Calcium salts from seaweed
Exudate wounds
Infected wounds

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9
Q

Describe hydroactive dressings

A

Mod to heavy exudating wounds
Moist environment
Similar to hydrocolloids but do not form gel in wound

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10
Q

What is silver good for in wounds care

A

Possesses strong antimicrobial properties

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11
Q

What is the type of honey used in wound care

A

Manuka honey

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12
Q

What are some factors that predict death with burns

A

Severity of the burn
Age
Etiology of the burn
Inhalation injury

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13
Q

What are some common burn etiologies

A

Thermal
Radiation
Chemical

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14
Q

Describe skin conductivity

A

Skin is relatively poor heat conductor

tolerates 111F up to 6 hours before permeant damage

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15
Q

Describe burns and mortality

A

Immediate death is associated with airway issues

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16
Q

What may chemical burns cause

A

Cardiac arrhythmias 24-48 hours after injury

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17
Q

What are some burn management strategies

A

Nutrition
Respiratory support
Early debridement
Akin substitutes

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18
Q

What are some burn extent measures

A

Palmar - palm = 1%

Rule of 9s

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19
Q

Describe superficial burns

A

Epidermis damage only
No skin blistering
Sunburn

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20
Q

Describe superficial partial thickness burns, how long until they heal

A

Epidermis and dermis damaged
blisters
heals in 2-3 weeks

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21
Q

Describe superficial full thickness burns

A

Eschar

Zone of coagulation

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22
Q

Describe deep partial thickness burns

A

Extend into reticular dermis
Mottling - white eschar coagulation
greater potential for hypertrophic scar

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23
Q

Describe deep full thickness burns

A

may involve subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone

if more than 1cm grafting is required

24
Q

What is an autograft

A

Skin graft from patients own tssues

25
What is a allograft
Skin graft from cadaver
26
What is the procedure for a burn less < 30%
split-thickness auto or allograft
27
What is the procedure for a burn > 40%
Allograft, xenograft or synthetic coverings
28
What is the procedure for a burn > 90%
Up to 10 grafting cycles may be needed
29
Describe some skin graft characteristics
breakdown quickly | Must be immobilized to limit post op shear forces
30
Describe some musculoskeletal graft characteristics
Manage osteomyelitis
31
How long do grafts take to heal
about 1 month after graft
32
How do you treat hypertrophic scarring
Pressure garments 25 mmHG | takes 6 months - 2 years to mature
33
Describe the physiologic effects of Estim for wound healing
Attracts reparative cells Modifies cell membrane permeability Restoration of cell structures Jump starts wound healing
34
What polarities are indicated for the different phases of healing
Inflammatory: + for macrophage activity, - for inflammation reduction Proliferative: - for increased fibroblast activity Maturation / remodeling: + for decreased scar thickness and decreased mast cells
35
What polarity is used ti treat edema
negative | For cataphoresis
36
What are some contraindications for estim usage
``` Malignancy Osteomyelitis Metal Electrical implants Severe cardiac arrhythmias ```
37
What does low frequency tens do for wound healing
increase blood perfusion
38
What is the most used electrode placement for estim wound management
Monopolar
39
Describe diathermy
increase tissue temperature Autolytic debridement C short wave - not for ischemia Pulsed short wave - increased blood flow
40
What is Diathermy dosage
1 - lowest level - non thermal 2 - low level - <40c 3 - medium - moderate heat 4 -heavy - vigorous heat
41
How long is short wave diathermy used for
20-30 mins
42
What are the parameters for US wound healing
1-2w | 5-10 mins
43
Describe pulsatile lavage
Cleans and debrides with high pressure solution | 4-15 psi
44
What are some benefits of Pulsatile levage
decreased infection | Promotes granulation
45
What is the frequency of Pulsatile levage
1x per day 2-3 times per week stop after wound closure
46
Describe NPWT
uses negative pressure to accelerate wound healing Decreased Edema Increased blood flow, granulation, epithelial migration
47
What are some NWPT contraindications
``` Active osteomyelitis Nondebrided necrotic tissue Unrestricted malignancy Unexplored fistula infection ```
48
What is the etiology of primary lymphedema
Congenital defects aplasia hypoplasia hyperplasia
49
What is the etiology of secondary lymphedema
From a disease process or injury Surgical lymph node removal Venous insufficiency DVT
50
Describe Stage 0 lymphedema
Latency | No swelling, normal skin
51
Describe Stage 1 lymphedema
Reversible Soft pitting edema No secondary tissue changes Elevation reduces swelling
52
Describe Stage 2 lymphedema
Spontaneously irreversible Fibrosclerotic changes Hardening of tissues Frequent infections
53
Describe lymphostatic elephantiasis
Extreme increase in volume and texture | skin changes, papilloma's, deep skin folds
54
Describe the treatment phases for lymphedema
1 - intensive phase - mobilize accumulated fluid, reduce fibrosclerotic tissue 2 - maintenance - preserve and improve success in phase 1
55
What are some absolute contraindications for treating lymphedema
``` Unstable cardiac disease Severe arterial disease Acute renal failure Acute DVT or PR Acute infection / cellulitis ```

TRI 4 - Integ (2 decks)

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