final exam concepts/terms: lab blood Flashcards
understand the term “hematocrit”
hematocrit is the number of RBC cells/volume
normal values of hematocrit
55% plasma
<1% buddy coat = platelets/WBC
45% RBC (hematocrit)
what can be determined by a person’s hematocrit?
you can determine if the person:
is dehydrated
is anemic
has sickle cell
what does anemia refer to?
low level of RBCs
what is the problem associated with a) iron deficiency anemia? b) aplastic anemia? c) pernicious anemia? d) hemolytic anemia
a. not enough iron in the body to manufacture RBCs
b. failure of bone marrow to produce RBCs correctly
c. lack of vitamin B12
d. genetic defect that causes Hb in cells during low oxygen conditions to bind together forming crystalline spikes which rupture the membrane
what does ESR stand for?
(e)rythrocyte (s)edimentation (r)ate
can the ESR be used to diagnose diseases?
no it cannot be used to diagnose a disease
how long do mature RBCs survive?
120 days
how does the body replace RBCs?
red bone marrow produces stem cells, which the body uses to make different blood cells
what organ is responsible for making RBCs?
red bone marrow
what hormone is involved in producing RBCs?
erythropoetin
what is hemoglobin? where it is found?
a protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and organs and co2 back to the lungs.
found in RBCs
how does hemoglobin help RBCs carry oxygen to tissues?what is essential for this function?
it binds to oxygen molecules using its heme structures.
iron is essential for this
what is blood typing?
a medical test determining a person’s blood type.
what are the antigens found on cells and what antibodies can be found in the blood?
antigens: proteins or sugar molecules that are on the cell surface
antibodies: lgG, lgM, lgA, lgE, lgD
how do we determine someone’s blood type?
you look at what antibodies each blood cell has by mixing your blood sample with antibodies and seeing if it aggulinates or not
does the blood type refer tot he antigens on the cell surfaces or the antibodies found in the plasma?
the antigens on the cell surface
What happens if the wrong blood type is given to a person with Type A blood?
Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction. So, if they receive blood with B antigens (Type B or Type AB), their anti-B antibodies will attack the transfused red blood cells.
What happens if the wrong blood type is given to a person with Type B blood?
Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction. If they receive blood with A antigens (Type A or AB), their anti-A antibodies will attack the transfused red blood cells.
What happens if the wrong blood type is given to a person with Type AB blood?
There is no such thing as giving a person with Type AB blood the wrong blood type because they are a Universal Recipient
What happens if the wrong blood type is given to a person with Type O blood?
Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction. Their immune system will recognize these antigens as foreign and attack the transfused red blood cells.
why does cholesterol pose a special problem for transport in our circulation?
because cholesterol is a lipid and insoluble in water so it clogs the circulatory system
how do our bodies transport cholesterol (along with some triglycerides and phospholipids)
chylomicrons transport cholesterol and lipids for intestine (dietary) to liver via blood
what is the major organ responsible for synthesizing cholesterol for our bodies?
liver
