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Regions and Nations > FINAL EXAM comprehensive > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM comprehensive Flashcards

1
Q

What does human geography cover?

A

Cultural, economic, urban, political

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2
Q

What does physical geography cover?

A

Climate, geomorphology, vegetation, soils

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3
Q

Who started population geography (demography)

A

Thomas malthus

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4
Q

from 450 to 1850 ad, who was the most populous country?

A

China

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5
Q

after 1850, who kicked the fuck out of china in the population Olympics

A

India

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6
Q

Who made the world’s greatest comeback after being kicked out the population olympics

A

China

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7
Q

Who is daddy demography

A

Thomas Malthus

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8
Q

What was daddy demography’s greatest lesson

A

Humanity is DOOMED to FEAST and then FAMINE

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9
Q

Who was influenced by thomas malthus

A

Darwin and MArx

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10
Q

What was Malthus’s feast/famine dynamic

A

Population grows at a geometric rate (1,2,4,8,16,), but human can only produce food at an arithmetic rate (meaning 123456)

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11
Q

Malthus was wrong, with the exception of one event. What was it?

A

The potato famine in 1799.

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12
Q

Who revived Malthus’s theory in the 1960s

A

Erlich, with his “Population Bomb,” which stated that the planet is becoming rapidly over-populated (No, paul)

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13
Q

What is population density:

A

the number of people per unit area

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14
Q

Population distribution

A

the actual spatial arrangement of humans

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15
Q

WHAT is the CBR crude birth rate

A

number of births per 1,000 populations

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16
Q

What is the Infant mortality rate:

A

The number of infants who perish during their first year of life per 1000 live births

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17
Q

What is the total fertility rate

A

The number of children who would be born to a woman if ….

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18
Q

is the upper mantle partially molten

A

yes

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19
Q

who proposed the theory of continental drift

A

Alfred Wegener

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20
Q

When was the theory of plate tectonics revived

A

1960s

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21
Q

What is the theory of plate tectonics

A

The crust is composed of sections, and those plates float on top of the semi-fluid mantle

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22
Q

what are the two kinds of plates, and which of the two are thinner and denser

A

Oceanic and Continental. Oceanic plates are thinner and denser.

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23
Q

what is subduction?

A

an oceanic plate sliding under a continental plate. Ex: the san andreas fault.

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24
Q

what is centrifugal tendency

A

the tendency for states to fragment into smaller units on the basis of religion/linguistic differences/etc.

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25
Q

What 3 things unify Anglo-America

A
  1. The political/legal traditions that derive from England
  2. The english language
  3. The christian relgion
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26
Q

What 3 things unify Anglo-America

A
  1. The political/legal traditions that derive from England
  2. The english language
  3. The christian religion
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27
Q

Canada is currently experiencing centrifugal tendency from Quebec. How is Quebec’s culture distinct from the rest of Canada?

A

-They speak french

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28
Q

When (and what %) of Quebecois voted to secede from Canada.

A

November 1995, and 49%

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29
Q

Cities emerged along what due to the geographical obstacle presented by waterfalls/rapids and the economic functions which originated there

A

the Fall Line

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30
Q

Which US cities are on the fall line?

A

Richmond, Baltimore, Philly, and Washington DC

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31
Q

What was the largest city in the US in the 1800s.

A

Philly

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32
Q

What was the largest US city by 1850?

A

New york

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33
Q

Why was New Amsterdam (current NY) selected by the Dutch colonists?

A

Natural Resources

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34
Q

When was the Eerie Canal completed

A

1825?

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35
Q

What was the purpose of the Eerie Canal’s Building?

A

TO create a continuous water connection from the Great Lakes to the NY Harbor

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36
Q

What % of the US population is urbanized

A

81

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37
Q

What was the main cause of Socioeconomic decline of the central city in the US?

A

White flight

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38
Q

Define Gentrification: Municipalities offer financial incentives to induce businesses and residents to return.

A

Municipalities offer financial incentives to induce businesses and residents to return. (LaCledes landing, old harbor baltimore, MAPS OKC)

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39
Q

What is the main marker of Physical Geography in South America?

A

Diversity and Extremes. Large stretch of rainforests that recieve 80’’ per year, which is drained by the Amazon river.

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40
Q

What is the river with the highest volume?

A

the amazon

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41
Q

What % of freshwater flows out of the amazon.

A

20%

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42
Q

What Island is at the mouth of the Amazon that is also the size of switzerland?

A

Isla De Marajo

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43
Q

What medicine is made from tropical yams that are grown in south america?

A

Cortisone

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44
Q

What medicine is made from Rosy Periwinkle that is grown in South America?

A

Vincristine?

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45
Q

What desert is the world’s driest place

A

The Atacama Desert

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46
Q

What allows the Atacama desert to exist?

A

The humboldt current (?)

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47
Q

What are the highlands primarily used for

A

Grazing Llamas, Alpacas, Guinea, general animals used for ag

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48
Q

what crops are able to grow in the Tierra Fria

A

Potatoes/Quinoa, the same animles

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49
Q

What crops grow in the Tierra Templada (lower temperate zone)

A

Corn, COFFEE,

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50
Q

Lowest zone (tierra caliente)

A

sugar cane, tropical fruits (banana) tubers, etc.

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51
Q

What is the main religion in South America

A

Roman-Catholic

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52
Q

What is the Main Language in South America

A

Spanish

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53
Q

What is Marianism

A

frequent appearances of the virgin mary

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54
Q

what are the language exceptions in south america

A

Brazil= spanish
Guyana- english.
french guyana- french
suriname- dutch

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55
Q

What consitutes voodoo?

A

Roman catholocism/traditional african relgion

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56
Q

What constitutes santeria?

A

Catholicism/west african traditional beliefs

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57
Q

In santeria, what are the saints called

A

Orishas

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58
Q

What is candomble

A

yoruba beliefs with christian/indigenous elements.

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59
Q

What constitutes macumba-

A

relies on hexes/curses to influence rivals

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60
Q

Why was Africa called the “dark continent”

A

Africa and its peoples were without a “history’. European scholars didn’t realize that african history was recorded and maintained mostly through oral tradition

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61
Q

Who made popular the concept of “darkness” in africa

A

Henry M. Stanley “across the dark continent” (doctor livingstone, i presume?) and Joseph Conrad “the heart of darkness”

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62
Q

is Africa overpopulated?

A

no

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63
Q

What continent’s population is growing faster than any other continent, and has the youngest population of any world relam

A

africa

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64
Q

In latin america, what religion is on the rise?

A

protestantism

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65
Q

Protestantism was outlawed during the colonial period and only represented a tiny fraction of south americas religious population. In the 20th century, how much did it increase?

A

62X

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66
Q

How did religious diffusion happen in america

A

Missionaries pointed out some similarities between traditional creationism beliefs:
1) the record of a great flood
2) the geographic dispersal of humanity and the development of separate languages.

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67
Q

what is the biggest language family in africa

A

bantu

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68
Q

Where are the nilotic languages spoken

A

south sudan, ethiopia, kenya, and uganda

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69
Q

where are the khosian languages spoken

A

south africa , nambia by (bushmen) khosa and some other groups

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70
Q

Where are the semetic languages spoken

A

Arabic and berber are spoken widely in north africa.

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71
Q

Originating in Africa, what is ebony used for?

A

Concert music (woodwinds)

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72
Q

Originating in Africa, what is the Kola nut used for

A

Coca cola

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73
Q

What disease originated in East Africa

A

HIV/AIDS

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74
Q

What african nation was made from freed african american slaves

A

Liberia

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75
Q

When did ebola first originate

A

1976 in 2 separate outbreaks that struck south sudan and the democ rep of the congo

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76
Q

Ebola is ONLY transmitted through bodily fluids (sex, saliva, sweat)

A

bodily fluids (sex, saliva, sweat)

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77
Q

Can ebola remain active after death?

A

yes, for several days

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78
Q

what is the likely reservoir species of ebola

A

Fruit bats

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79
Q

When was an effective vaccine of ebola developed

A

2019 (program on hold due to covid )

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80
Q

Who was the first US case of Ebola

A

Eric Duncan, an NYC doctor who was hospitalized with it but recoverd.

81
Q

How many time zones does russia contain?

A

11

82
Q

Where did Valdimir Lenin’s pseudonym come from?

A

River Lena

83
Q

Where was Stalin from

A

Georgia, his name was Koba

84
Q

What country has the biggest coastline?

A

Russia

85
Q

What is a big block for economic development in Serbia?

A

Permafrost

86
Q

What problems does the permafrost cause for Serbia?

A

It hasn’t thawed since the last ice age; you also can’t build buildings, waterlines, etc.

87
Q

Why is Russia so frozen/cold?

A

The high mountains in the south block any warm tropical air that could come up. Also, lowlands in the north allow cold air to penetrate at virtually any time of the year.

88
Q

What natural resources are a result of Russia’s immense size?

A

gold, diamonds, gas, oil, strategic metals, and rare earths?

89
Q

What people tied boards to newborns’ heads to flatten their skulls, affecting the hypothalamus and generating the aggression that many of their elite soldiers used in battle

A

Huns

90
Q

What does the USSR stand for

A

Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics

91
Q

How many republics were in the USSR

A

15, based upon nationality/ ethnic group

92
Q

How many ethnic groups did the ussr contian

A

110-115

93
Q

What did FDR- Bush make the mistake of calling the USSR

A

“The Russians.” Russians were the dominant nationality, but not the ONLY nationality

94
Q

In 1930, the leader wanted to create the new soviet man. What were his qualities?

A

Russian speaking and atheistic

95
Q

In 1960, what was the world’s largest lake in area

A

The Aral Sea.

96
Q

What are the metrics of the aral sea now?

A

The volume has declined by 80%, the area has shrunk by 90%, and the coverage level dropped by 50 feet.

97
Q

What caused the aral sea to dry up?

A

cotton

98
Q

What were the aral sea’s feeder rivers?

A

Syr Darya and Amu Darya

99
Q

What was the environmental impact of the aral sea?

A

Winds blowing across exposed seabed pick up and transport salt (probably leading to salinization so vegetation can’t grow), 80% of wildlife in the area are GONE, and all of the fish are also gone

100
Q

What was the health impact of the aral sea?

A

in 1987, 40% of the population in western Uzbekistan had hepatitis, and for childen under 12, it was 60%. only 1/3 of houses have indoor plumbing in karakalpakistan, and only 10% of the population has tap water.

101
Q

What was the consequence of the lack of well water caused by the aral sea distaster?

A

irrigation water contained pesticides, fertilizer, etc.

102
Q

What was the economic impact of the aral sea disaster?

A

in 1960, the aral sea produced 10% of the USSR sturgeon, and today, there are none to be found.

103
Q

what was the main religion and language in estonia?

A

Protestant, spoke Uralic-Altic language

104
Q

What was the religion/ language in Latvia

A

Protestant; spoke indo-european

105
Q

Religion/language in Lithuania

A

catholic; spoke indo-european

106
Q

What nation had the weakest connection to the soviet union

A

Lithuania

107
Q

What was the last nation to be absorbed into the USSR?

A

Lithuania

108
Q

When did the collapse of the USSR begin?

A

1986

109
Q

What was the dominant language/religion in russia (who were first in population)

A

Orthodox; slavic

110
Q

What was the dominant language/religion in Ukraine and Belarus

A

Orthodox; slavic

111
Q

What was the dominant religion in Georgia and Armenia

A

Christian; indo-european

112
Q

What was the What was the dominant language/religion in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan

A

Sunni; Turkic language

113
Q

What was the dominant language/religion in Tajikistan

A

Sunni; Indo-european

114
Q

Where is farsi spoken?

A

Iran

115
Q

What was the dominant language/religion in Afghanistan

A

Sunni; Dari

116
Q

What latin word was “Europe” derived from that meant “sunset”

A

Ereb

117
Q

Where did the Asian Languages come from

A

Phonecia

118
Q

What culturally distinguishes Europe from Asia?

A

-Christianity (although the level of devotion is declining except in Albania, Kosovo, Bosnia, and Bulgaria)
-Indo-European language (except Basque, Uralic-Altic language).

119
Q

Why doesn’t Spain recognize Kosovo

A

-Bc they speak Catalan. Franco banned it in public.
- Also, if Kosovo gets independence, Barcelona will want independence too and they don’t want to deal with that.

120
Q

What are the romance languages?

A

French, Italians, Spanish, Portuguese, Walloon (belgium) and others.

121
Q

What country has a committee to “Purify” their language

A

France

122
Q

What are Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Serbian, and Bulgarian languages called

A

Slavic

123
Q

What are German, Dutch, Swedish, and English called?

A

Germanic

124
Q

What are Irish/Scottish, welsh languages called

A

Celtic

125
Q

What is the general religion of germanic speakers

A

Protestant

126
Q

What is the general religion of the romance languages

A

Roman-Catholic

127
Q

What are the 2 contradictory trends in Europe in the 90s:

A

devolution (Yugoslavia and czechoslovakia), and supernationalism (EU)

128
Q

What was the most violent episode of devolution in Europe

A

The collapse of Yugoslavia

129
Q

What term arose from the collapse of Yugoslavia

A

Ethnic Cleansing

130
Q

What were the 6 republics of Yugoslavia

A

Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia, Herzegovina

131
Q

Why and when was yugoslavia created

A

It was created in 1918 at the end of WWI, with the purpose of granting the “south slavs” a nation where they would have self-determination

132
Q

What weapons of mass destruction came out of WWI

A

Poson gas, machine guns

133
Q

What marked the start of WWI

A

the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by serbs in a group called the Black Hand

134
Q

What president created Yugoslavia

A

Woodrow Wilson

135
Q

Why did wilson create Yugoslavia

A

To make a map to prevent another world war

136
Q

What was the main flaw in the creation of yugoslavia

A

The south serbs hated each other

137
Q

What republic was the first to secede from Yugoslavia

A

Slovenia

138
Q

What country, who wanted to secede peacefully like slovenia, were prevented from doing so creating a civil war w/ the serbs

A

Croatia

139
Q

What city did Clinton send the presidents of Bosnia, Serbia, and Croatia to talk things out

A

Dayten, Ohio

140
Q

How many causalities in the Bosnian War

A

40K casualties, and 100,000,000 in damages

141
Q

Why did Serbs begin moving people into Kosovo?

A

To them, it was Hallowed ground. Similar to Israel with Palestine, it was their first nation./

142
Q

What happened after the serbs bombed Kosovo?

A

The US meant to bomb a Serbian Powerplant, but accidentally bombed the Chinese Embassy.

143
Q

What did the Yugo (serbian dominant) government do after moving into Kosovo?

A

they wanted to “cleanse” kosovo, so they kicked Albanians out.

144
Q

What year did NATO bomb targets in Serbia, forcing them to withdraw

A

March 24, 1999.

145
Q

When did Kosovo declare independence:

A

February 17, 2008 .

146
Q

Romania is not in the romance language area bc

A

they were conquered by rome, who spoke latin

147
Q

what countries did Benelux pair up with to form the European Economic Community (EEC)

A

France, Italy, and West Germany

148
Q

When did the EEC change into the European Union

A

1994

149
Q

Why didn’t Margaret Thatcher want to use the Euro

A

sovereignty

150
Q

What were some of the problems with the new European common currency

A

the name- the eurodollar sounded too american
-what would it look like?

151
Q

Before becoming the Euro, what was the solution to the name problem of the common current

A

ECU- European Currency Unit

152
Q

When was the euro adopted

A

Jan 2 1999

153
Q

What country rejected entry into the currency union in 2003 (the eurozone) with the EU, though still remained a member

A

Sweden

154
Q

What countries have not joined the EU

A

Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and Faroe Islands

155
Q

What is one tenet of the Schengen Agreement

A

Certain countries don’t require a passport with each other.

156
Q

What is the official language of the Chinese?

A

Mandarin

157
Q

What is the most spoken language in the world

A

Mandarin

158
Q

T or F: China is a pictographic language

A

T

159
Q

what are the two systems of chinese language

A

Wade Giles (Peking), and the Pin-Yin (Beijing)

160
Q

What are some things that Chinese culture has contributed to the world?

A

Silk, Paper, Gunpowder, Printing, Compass, and the Wheelbarrow

161
Q

What is the FIRST chinese dynasty that had concrete archaeological evidence

A

Shang Dynasty (1766 BC)

162
Q

Where was the Shang Dynasty located

A

Along the banks of the Hwang He river.

163
Q

What ruler united most of northern china during the Qin Dynasty

A

Shin Huang Ti

164
Q

Where did the name China come from

A

Qin

165
Q

What dynasty built the great wall

A

Qin Dynasty

166
Q

What dynasty made the Grand canal

A

Sui

167
Q

How long was the grand canal by 1327

A

1100 miles long

168
Q

What emperor made the terra cotta army

A

Qin

169
Q

what emperor was the “son of heaven”

A

King Wu of Zhou

170
Q

When did Europeans start showing up in China?

A

1500s

171
Q

When did British ships dock at canton seeking trade ties

A

1635

172
Q

What did brits trade opium with china for

A

silver

173
Q

What caused the opium was of 1839-42

A

China tells Britain to not ship opium. Britain said no and fought and won. China is forced to Britain Hong Kong, trade concessions.

174
Q

What was the western-educated reformer who worked to undermine China’s imperial government

A

Sun Yat Sen

175
Q

There were 2 chinas. What was the name of the 2nd one?

A

Taiwan

176
Q

What was the political part y that aimed at bringing democratic regime to china?

A

Guomindang

177
Q

What unified the political/military factions in the late ’30s to early 40s.

A

The threat from japan (rape of nanking)

178
Q

Who declares China a communist state, and when ?

A

Mao Tse, 1949

179
Q

After japan is defeated, china is again torn by Civil war. What two parties were involved and who were their leaders?

A

Mao Tse Tung led the communists. Chiang Kai-Sek led the Guomindang

180
Q

What emperor led terrible/catostrophic social experiments

A

Mao Tse

181
Q

What was the social experiment done by Mao Tse in 1958, and what was its consequence

A

The great leap forward; caused millions to starve

182
Q

What social experiment was done in 1966, that nearly caused civil war by creating a “permanent class warfare”.

A

Cultural Revolution/ Red Guard

183
Q

When did the PRC china join the UN

A

‘71

184
Q

When does Mao Tse die?

A

‘76

185
Q

When/where was the first mention of Japan?

A

In ancient chinese chronicles.

186
Q

What was the name that the Chinese gave to japan, and what was its meaning?

A

“Wa” meaning “Dwarfed”

187
Q

When did the japanese change their own name, and what does it mean?

A

300 AD, “Nippan” meaning land of the rising sun.

188
Q

How did the west come to know the land as Japan?

A

Since the Chinese pronunciation of “Nippan” is Japan, it was brought to the west by Marco Polo.

189
Q

In Japanese mythology, how were the Islands unified?

A

660 BC

190
Q

Who united the Japanese Islands?

A

Jimmu Tenno

191
Q

who was Jimmu Tenno a descendent of

A

The Sun Goddess, Amaterasu.

192
Q

Who was the last of Japan’s “divine” emperors

A

Hirohito

193
Q

What Emperor did Americans force to denounce divinity?

A

Naruhito

194
Q

What Emperor did Americans force to denounce divinity?

A

Hirohito

195
Q

Who is Japan’s Emperor today?

A

Naruhito, as of 2019

196
Q

Who were the original inhabitants of the Japanese islands

A

Ainu

197
Q

What are some cultural elements that Japan coopted from china?

A

-A pictographic written language
-Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoist philosophy
-Silk and Tea

198
Q

What are some cultural elements that Europe gave to Japan?

A

-Firearms from the Portuguese

199
Q

Christians were persecuted in Japan, but a small community survived up to 1945. What event obliterated them?

A

The Bombing of Hiroshima

Regions and Nations (4 decks)

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