Final Exam: Chapter 9 (Russian Domain)

Question 1

Soviet Union:

Answer 1

• dissolution in 1991
• 75 years of communist control
• caused environmental degradation
• nuclear threat
• religion was discouraged and persecuted

Question 2

Ural Mountains

Answer 2

• physically separates European Russia from Siberia
• ancient rocks contain valuable mineral resources

Question 3

Lake Baikal

Answer 3

• world’s largest freshwater reserve
• affected by water pollution
• contains 20% of Earth’s unfrozen fresh surface water

Question 4

Nuclear waste

Answer 4

• Siberia suffered regular nuclear fallout when tests were conducted
• Russian Arctic poisoned
• Novaya Zemlya served as an unregulated dumping ground for nuclear waste
• Chernobyl nuclear power plant meltdown in 1996

Question 5

Population (growth)

Answer 5

• growing immigrant population, many of them undocumented
• 200 million

Question 6

permafrost

Answer 6

a cold-climate condition of unstable, seasonally frozen ground underlain by a permanently frozen layer that limits vegetation growth and causes problems for railroad construction.

Question 7

Ukraine

Answer 7

• capital city: Kiev (2.8 mil)
• aging and declining population

Question 8

Caucasus

Answer 8

• south russia
• major earthquakes
• heavy rainfall
• people speak a complicated mosaic of Caucasian, Indo-European, and Altaic
  languages.

Question 9

Urbanization

Answer 9

• In Moscow 2014, government embraced an urban plan that emphasized continued decentralization and automobile-oriented sprawl
• St.Petersburg’s buildings, bridges, adn canals give it an urban landscape
• pg.303

Question 10

Siberia

Answer 10

• lake Baikal
• permafrost
  -pg. 295

Question 11

Vladivostok

Answer 11

• south east russia
• linked to European Russia by the trans-Siberian railroad
• population 600,000

Question 12

Migration

Answer 12

• most moved eastward
• Russification, the Soviet policy of resettling Russians into non-
  Russian portions of the Soviet Union
  -

Question 13

Mikrorayons

Answer 13

large, Sovietera
housing projects of the 1970s and 1980s. Mikrorayons are typically
massed blocks of standardized apartment buildings, ranging from 9 to
24 stories in height. The largest of these supercomplexes contain up to
100,000 residents.

Question 14

Slavic peoples

Answer 14

• a northern branch of the Indo-European ethnolinguistic family.
  (pg 308)

Question 15

Finno-Ugric

Answer 15

The Finno-Ugric peoples include Finnish-speaking settlers who
dominate sizable portions of the non-Russian north.

Question 16

Russification

Answer 16

the Soviet policy of resettling Russians into non-
Russian portions of the Soviet Union

Question 17

Bolsheviks

Answer 17

a faction of Russian communists
representing industrial workers
- espoused the
doctrine of communism, a belief based on the writings of Karl Marx
that promoted the overthrow of capitalism by the workers, large-scale
elimination of private property, state ownership and central planning
of major sectors of the economy (both agricultural and industrial), and
one-party authoritarian rule

Question 18

Cold war

Answer 18

the Soviet Union and the
United States became antagonists in a global Cold War of military
competition that lasted from 1948 to 1991.

Question 19

Perestroika and Glasnost

Answer 19

Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika,
or restructuring of the planned centralized economy, was an admission
that the Soviet economy increasingly lagged behind those of western
Europe and the United States.

• glasnost - greater openness

Question 20

Gas and Energy

Answer 20

• the Siberian Gas Pipeline was
  built to link the Arctic’s energy-rich fields with growing demand in
  Europe.
• Gazprom, the huge Russian
  natural gas company, was privatized in 1994, but since 2005 state control
  of its activities has increased.

Question 21

Corruption and human trafficking

Answer 21

widespread problem. Armenia,
Ukraine, Moldova, and rural districts of Russia are major sources of
young women who are forced into prostitution in Europe and the Middle
East. It is a multibillion-dollar business, involving the large-scale
participation of organized crime and hundreds of thousands of young
women.

Question 22

Alcoholism

Answer 22

Alcohol use in Russia (more than 15 liters [4 gallons] of pure alcohol
per person annually) remains far above the global average (6.13 liters
[1.6 gallons]).

• Russian leaders initiated an antidrinking campaign
  in 2010, calling their country’s plight “a national disaster.” An ambitious
  goal was set to reduce alcohol consumption by 50 percent within
  the next decade.