Final Exam Chapter 8 Flashcards
What are functions of the gallbladder
Store bile and concentrate bile
What bile is primarily bile from the liver
Hepatic bile
What bile is concentrated bile from the gallbladder
Cystic bile
What is bile release controlled by
CCK and the vagus nerve
What is the surface epithelium of the gallbladder mucosa
Simple columnar
What cell types are located within the gallbladder mucosa
Clear cells and brush cells
What cells are aka cholangiocytes, have many microvilli, and function to concentrate bile by absorbing water
Clear cells
What cell is few in number within the gallbladder mucosa and produce mucinogen
Brush cells
What part of the gallbladder often posses small mucous glands
The neck of the gallbladder lamina propria
What part of the gallbladder mucosa is loose and very vascular ct
Lamina propria
What is the function of the lamina propria of the gallbladder
Lubricate the narrow neck lumen
What part of the gallbladder mucosa is absent
Muscularis mucosa
Is there submucosa in the gallbladder
No its absent - unusual
What is unique about the muscularis eterna of the gallbladder
It is NOT a normal pattern, has thin smooth muscle layer with disorganized muscle arrangement
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine pancreas
Endocrine = islets of langerhans producing hormones, exocrine = serous acini producing digestive enzymes
What is the largest portion of the pancreas
Exocrine (digestive enzymes) portions
What do pancreatic ducts do for the exocrine pancrease
Secretion (H2O and HCO3) controlled by secretin and acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerves
What type of cell is characteristic of pancreatic ducts
Centroacinar cells
What type of pancreatic duct cells are with cuboid cells in intercalated pancreatic ducts and what do they produce
Centroacinar cells producing alkaline fluid with large amounts of bicarbonate to release into duodenum to buffer stomach chyme
What wraps the pancreatic ducts and what is the function
Collagen rich ct = provide extra protection from possible leaking of digestive enzymes
What is the largest gland in the body with endocrine and exocrine functions
The liver
What are 5 functions of the liver
Metabolize lipids/carbs/protein, production of blood proteins/vitamins, detoxify blood, produce hepatic bile (exocrine) store vitamines (A,B12)
What type of cell are hepatocytes
Microvilliated cuboidal cells possesing lateral bile between adjacent hepatocytes
How does bile go through a liver lobule (bile canaliculi)
Bile moves from hepatocytes towards the bile duct bronchi in the portal triad
What cell is arranged in rows between hepatic sinusoids like spokes of a wheel
Hepatocytes
What is another name for kupffer cells and what do they develop from
Stellate macrophages that develop monocytes
What do kupffer cells do
Phagocytosis of debris and aged RBC’s, act as APC
What cells are known as hepatic stellate cells
Ito cells
What cells store lipids, vit A, produce collagen 1,3,4 and growth factors
Ito cells
What are pit cells
Natural killer cells
What are hepatic progenitor cells responsible for
Present regenerative capabilities
What is the portal triad
Includes branches from hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct
What cell is dilated, fenestrated and found between rows of hepatocytes
Hepatic sinusoids
What do hepatic sinusoids carry
Mixture of venous (75%) and arterial blood (25%)
What is fenestrated and collects blood from hepatic sinusoids
The central vein
Where does the central vein receive blood flow from
The portal triad
What is another name for space of disse
Perisinusoidal space
What is the space of disse
Space between hepatocytes and fenestrated hepatic sinusoids where blood directly contacts microvilliated surfaces of hepatocytes
Where is flow slow enough so cells can interact with blood and its contents
The space of disse (perisinusoidal space)
Why can the liver take over functioning for the spleen for 24-48 hours
Because of slow flow in space of disse
What is glisson’s capsule made of
Dense irregular CT covered with serosa, other ct limited in human liver
