Final Exam Chapter 16 HIV Flashcards
What does HIV stand for?
Human immunodeficiency virus
What is HIV?
Virus that attacks the immune system (weakens the immune system over time)
What does AIDS stand for?
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
How is AIDS caused?
Caused by HIV, Very serious and life-threatening disease
When the cells fall under 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood it becomes aids
Facts about HIV in the US?
1.1 million people in the US are HIV-positive, with 15% unaware
Over 39,000 new cases in the US every year
Estimated 12,000 people die of AIDS in the US every year
Facts about HIV worldwide?
Nearly 37 million people around the world live with HIV and over 1 million die from AIDS-related illnesses each year
Race/ethnicity differences in likelihood of acquiring HIV
First strand found in 1980s (not long ago)
First detected in animals (monkeys)
What is meant by, HIV: Retrovirus?
Virus: A virus is a tiny infectious agent that can only replicate inside the cells of a living organism.
Retrovirus: Retroviruses are a specific type of virus that have a unique way of replicating and inserting their genetic material into the host cell’s DNA
How is HIV a retrovirus?
Retrovirus replicate by injecting themselves in host cells literally taking over the genetic workings of the cells
Why is HIV known as a silent killer?
HIV is able to stay in the body in a latent and dormant state (silent killer), it gradually starts replicating itself and in the process begins destroying the T cells ability to function
What are T-Cells responsible for?
responsible for recognizing harmful substances in the body and for attacking such substances
What happens when HIV enters the body?
Enters bloodstream → invades T-cells → injects into cells genetic material → replicates and destroys the T-cell
Facts about HIV in regards to Diversity?
Black – makeup 45% ofHIV diagnoses and 53% of deaths every year
Mostly queer men → frequency of gay anal sex
- Unaware of their HIV status because of lack of regular health check up
- Stigma also prevents them from seeking help
How many stages are there for HIV?
4
What is stage 1 for HIV?
Stage 1 – may last for a period of 1-8 weeks → fever, headache, sore throat
This initial stage is then followed by a latent period stage 2
What is stage 2 for HIV?
This initial stage is then followed by a latent period (stage 2), in which people experience few, if any, symptoms (up to 10 years)… virus is still active and replicating
What is stage 3 for HIV?
people develop a specific group of symptoms, including night sweats, painful skin rash, swollen lymph nodes, and white spots in the mouth… indicates a weakened immune system but does not meet the criteria for AIDS
What is stage 4 for HIV?
patients immune system begins to have trouble fighting off various infections (opportunistic infections) may experience problems with the lungs
What are severe symptoms those with HIV can have?
shortness of breath
substantial weight loss
personality shifts
dementia
What is meant that, people with AIDS often die of opportunistic infections?
AIDS doesn’t kill you, it is the infection you get, but AIDS weakens the immune system so it cause fight the infection
What are opportunistic infections?
pneumonia
tuberculosis
type of cancer called Kaposi’s sarcoma
Examples of medicine or “cure” for HIV?
Medicine that helps fight the opportunistic infections → daraprim
Antiretroviral drugs → slow the virus down by blocking certain enzymes which are required for the virus to multiply
Those that don’t have HIV but are at high risk of contracting it → can take preP, blocks the enzymes
Small population are immune the the virus → mutation linked to T-Cells
TRUE OR FALSE: Not everyone exposed becomes HIV +
True
TRUE or FALSE: Time of progression of AIDS varies among individuals
True
What is the role of psychology in HIV in regards to illness onset?
Beliefs (susceptibility, seriousness, cost, benefits)
Behaviors → unsafe sex, drug injecting
Coping with diagnosis
Illness representations
What is the role of psychology in HIV in regards to progression?
Psychological Consequences
Coping with illness
Illness as stressor
What are factors that contribute to the susceptibility of becoming exposed to HIV?
Beliefs about HIV (attitudes, norms, etc.)
Health related behaviors (e.g. protection needle use)
What are factors that contribute to the susceptibility of becoming HIV+?
Use of drugs
Exposure to other viruses
What are factors that can contribute to the progression of HIV to AIDS?
Lifestyle may speed up progression
Cognitions may influence progression
How can Lifestyle speed up progression of HIV to AIDS?
Drug use, Unsafe sex, Unhealthy behaviors, Stress
Stage 2-3
People do not adhere to medication
How can cognitions influence progression
of HIV to AIDS?
Adherence to medication
Stress
Negative expectations
Coping
Emotional expression
What are factors that contribute to the longevity of HIV?
General health status
Health behaviors
Social Support
Expression of anger and hostility
Realistic acceptance
What are myths about HIV?
2 people can mutate HIV further
Vaginal birth = very likely to transfer
C section → the placenta protects very well
Should people tell their jobs if they have HIV, and should they be removed from their position? e.g. a surgeon
