Final Exam Ch. 25-33 Flashcards
Listening info for:
O Lord Make Thy Servant Elizabeth
Byrd
Anthem
Late 16th c.
History: Performed in Chapel Royal. Under Elizabeth I rule.
Style: 6 voices with organ. Polyphonic.
Listening info for:
Goe from my window
Morley
Keyboard Variations
Late 16th c.
History: From Fitzwilliam’s virginal book. Based on a folk song.
Style: ABB’A form. Switches from major to minor scales
Listening info for:
Latmos Hill Descending
Weelkes
English Madrigal
1601
Historical: Honoring Queen Elizabeth I.
Style: Six part work. In form ABCDCBA.
Listening info for:
Cruda Amarilli
Monteverdi
Italian Madrigal
Late Renaissance
Historical: Uses Basso continuo.
Style: Uses a lot of dissonance. Breaks rules of harmony.
Listening info for:
Orfeo (c,d)
Monteverdi
Baroque Opera
1607
Historical: Premiered during lent. Duke at the time liked this opera.
Style: A very expressive singer is needed someone who is virtuosic. Features violino.
Listening info for:
In ecclesiis
Gabrieli
Concerted motet
1612
Historical: From Venice. Composed just after the small plague outbreak in Venice.
Style: Simple harmonies because of the reverberation at this church. Engaging rhythm and short melodies.
Listening info for:
L’Amante Segreto
Strozzi
Cantata
Baroque Era
Historical: Her father taught her everything she knows about music. Often composed fir Soprano and Basso continuo.
Style: Text is from a poem. In 3/1 time.
Listening for info for:
Tu es Petrus
Palestrina
Motet
Late 16th c.
History: Reaction by catholics to reformation. Used as inspiration for 100s of years.
Style: Manipulation of textures. 6 voices. Text is clear.
What is the counter-reformation?
Reform in the Roman Church
Catholics wanted the music to be more simple and wanted to ban contrapuntal music
What is the Council of Trent?
Considered banning polyphonic music.
Did not like the imitation of text and voice parts overlapping
What is parody technique?
A composer borrows a pre-existing polyphonic work and rewrites it.
What is rhythmic imitation?
Each voice sings the same rhythm but different melodic motive
Used in six-voice motet
What is an anthem?
Sacred vocal composition
In english always
What is the Amen Cadence?
Also know as plagel
Uses at the end of religious pieces
What is Musica transalpina?
Collection of madrigals from Italy translated to English
What is Concerto della donne?
Women’s ensemble from Ferrara court
What is the English Madrigal School?
Helped the great outpouring of English secular vocal music
Mostly Madrigals in London
What is Lute Ayre?
Solo art song
Solo is accompanied by lute or viola da gamba
What is the Late Renaissance Madrigal?
Through composed
A capella
Word painting
What is Musica Reservata?
Private music for members of the court
What was the Artusi-Monteverdi controversy?
Artusi believed in simple harmony
Monteverdi wanted the harmony to reflect the text even if it was dissonant
What is Prima Practica?
Traditional church music
More restrained then Madrigals of the late 16th century
What is Seconda Practica?
Monteverdi’s term for new text driven style of music
What is Basso Continuo?
Bass line of two instruments one playing figured bass
What is figured bass?
Shorthand with bass line that tells the player what notes to fill in above the bass note presented
What is a Theorbo?
Large lute-like instrument with full octave of bass strings
What is Monody?
A term used for solo madrigals, arias and recitatives
Accompanied by basso continuo
What is the Baroque time period and what does it mean?
1600-1750
Ornate
What was the Doctrine of Affections?
Different musical moods should be used to influence emotion of the listener
What is Absolutism?
Complete power usually by a monarch
What is a Sonata?
Means “Something sounded”
Refers to a piece for instruments in early Baroque
What is Sonata da chiesa?
Sonata of the church
Multi-sectional piece
What is Sonata da camera?
Sonata of the chamber
Series of dance-like movements
What is a toccata?
An instrumental piece for keyboard or other instruments
Designed to show off creative spirit
What is a Recitative?
Speech/song imitating ancient Greek drama
What is an Arioso?
Halfway between recitative and aria
What is an Aria?
Melodious song
Expansive in length
What is Stile rappresentativo?
Dramatic or theater style
What is Opera?
A dramatic work or play set to music
Opera means work
Essay question:
Name and discuss three Baroque instruments, instrumental genres and instrumental styles.
Compare these to the Renaissance instruments, genres and styles.
Instrumental genres:
- Concerto grosso- The full orchestra contrasts with a smaller group of soloists.
- Solo and Trio Sonata: Corelli composed these. Solo sonata was for one melody instrument (usually violin) and basso continuo. Trio was for two treble instruments and basso continuo.
- Toccata: shows of the creativity and technical skill of an instrumentalist
Instruments: 1. Violin family 2. Harpsichord (part of basso continuo) 3. Theorbo (large lute) (Invention of the baroque orchestra, no more viol, sackbut, shawms of the Renaissance, added oboe, bassoon, flute and trumpet)
Instrumental styles:
- Ritornello form: begins with main theme used in concerto grosso by Vivaldi.
- Cadenza: technically demanding and improvisatory passage near the end of a movement
- Spiccato: To play in a detached fashion. Compared to normal playing this produces less resonance but greater clarity desirable in a large resonant Baroque church such as St. Petronio’s
What is Cori spezzati?
Music for two, three or four choirs placed in different parts of the building
Like at St. Marks Basilica
What is basso ostinato?
A bass line that insistently repeats note for note
What is passacaglia?
Separate and distinct bass melody
A lament bass line
What is Stile concertato?
Baroque music marked by grand scale and strong contrast
What is stile concitato?
Agitated style particularly suited for war-like music
What is a concerted motet?
Strong contrasts in textures and timbres involving voices and instruments
