Chapters 1-8 Test Flashcards
What is an aulos?
Wind instrument
Round or flat double reed
Made of wood or bone
What is a kithara?
Seven strings
Bigger than lyre
Resonator was Made of wood (lyre is turtle shell)
What are the three fundamentals of music according to Boethius?
Musica mundana (spheres)
Musica instrumentalis (earthly vocal and instrumental music)
Musica humana (of the human body)
What is Liturgy?
Collection of prayers, chants and readings
Where does Coptic chant come from?
Egypt
Where does Byzantine chant come from?
Mix of chant from Jerusalem and Roman pope
Where does Ambrosian chant come
from?
Milan, Italy
Where does Gallican chant come from?
France and Switzerland
What are the canonical hours?
Set of 8 periods during the day of worship
What is antiphonal singing?
Divided choir sings back and forth
What is antiphon?
Movement in the psalm
What are Vespers?
Afternoon service
What did Charlemagne do?
Unified churches by encouraging notation of music and texts
What is psalmody?
Act of singing the psalm
What is the Proper and Ordinary of the Mass?
Proper changes each time
Ordinary stays the same
What is the Introit?
Music that plays as the priests enter
What is the gradual?
Happens with the psalm and antiphon verse and uses responsorial singing
What are the starting pitches for natural, hard and soft hexachords?
Natural: C
Hard: F
Soft: G
How did Guido think of the sol feg syllables?
He got them from a Latin hymn
What is a trope?
Addition in music or text
What does diabolus in musica mean?
Devil in music
What is ordo virtutum
A musical play written by Hildegard
What is a troubadour and trobairitz?
Troubadour is men, trobairitz are women.
French poet-musicians
What is a Trouvere?
Troubadours that had moved to the North
What is a canso?
Canso: Song of the south
Chanson: song of the north
What is a chansonnier?
Book of songs
Who is Countess Beatriz de Dia?
Fell in love with a troubadour while already married
Sang about him when he rejected her
Who was Richard the Lionheart?
A trouvere from the north
Went on crusades for Holy Grail
What is organum?
Polyphonic singing
Why use oblique motion during early polyphony?
To avoid tritones
Who is Anonymous IV?
A music theorist
Wrote of Leoninus
What book did Leoninus write?
Magnus liber organi: book of polyphony
What is organum purum?
Pure organum with 2 voices
What is discant?
Voices sing different rhythms at same time
