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Community Health Nursing > FINAL EXAM BROOO > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM BROOO Flashcards

1
Q

What do the red, green, and blue wedges cover?

A

individuals, families, classes, and groups,

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2
Q

Orange and yellow wedges of IW?

A

systems and communities

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3
Q

What are the interventions that cannot be done at all levels?

A

case finding, coalition building, and community building

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4
Q

What is the conventional model?

A

Only addresses biological and behavioral
basis for disease, downstream approach

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5
Q

What is the socio-ecological model?

A
  • Upstream determinants of health
  • Social relations, neighborhoods and
    communities, institutions’ social and
    economic policies
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6
Q

What is community based nursing?

A

focused on illness care for individuals and families (e.g. Home health nurse, School Nurse)

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7
Q

What is community-oriented nursing?

A

(i.e. Public Health Nursing) is focused on health promotion and disease prevention in the community.

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8
Q

What is population health?

A

tends to focus on a narrow group, usually determined by geographic boundaries.

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9
Q

What is public health?

A

often addresses larger communities, including those determined not by geography but by race, gender, immigration status, disability level, or other factors.

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10
Q

What are the steps of educational process?

A

1. Identify Educational Needs
2. Establish Educational
Goals and Objectives
3. Select Appropriate
Educational Methods
4. Implement the educational
plan
5. Evaluate the educational
process

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11
Q

When is community the client?

A

The community is client ONLY when the nursing focus is the collective or common good of the population NOT individual health

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12
Q

What is summative evaluation?

A

 Occurs at the end of the program
 Evaluation of the objectives and the goal

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13
Q

What is process evaluation?

A

assesses the type, quantity, and quality of program activities or services.

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14
Q

What is the PROCEED model?

A

 Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in
Education and Environmental Design

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15
Q

What is the precede model?

A

Predisposing Reinforcing and Enabling factors, and
Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation

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16
Q

What is the MAPP framework?

A

Framework for community health improvement planning at the local level
Strong emphasis on community engagement and collaboration for system-level planning after identifying assets and needs
The MAPP process has six phases: (1) organizing for suc- cess and partnership development, (2) visioning, (3) per- forming the four assessments, (4) identifying strategic issues, (5) formulating goals and strategies, and (6) moving into the action cycle.

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17
Q

What is the CHANGE framework?

A

Tool for all communities interested in creating social and built environments that support healthy living Focus on gathering and organizing data on community assets to prioritize needs for policy changes
Users complete an action plan
The first three steps focus on gathering and educating the team. Steps 4 through 6 involve gathering, in- putting, and reviewing data from the assessment. The last two steps are the development of an action plan starting with an analysis of the consolidated data.

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18
Q

What is descriptive epi?

A

who when where

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19
Q

What is analytic epi?

A

how and why

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20
Q

What is prevalence?

A

number of existing cases (ex: school nurse discovers 20 cases of measles in middle school, divided by how many in the school=prevalence rate)

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21
Q

What is incidence?

A

number of new cases in given period of time

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22
Q

What is passive surveillance?

A

when data is collected after, by mandate, sending the data to the health department

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23
Q

What is active surveillance?

A

going out and looking for cases, data of a disease under current surveillance

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24
Q

Steps of investigation/surveillance?

A
  1. define question
  2. make predictions
  3. gather data
  4. analyze data
  5. draw conclusions
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25
What are exposure types?
chemical, biological, physical, psychosocial factors
26
What are chemical exposures?
carbon monoxide, metals, pesticides,
27
What are biological agents?
bacteria, viruses, molds,
28
What are physical agents?
heat, cold, radiation
29
What are psychosocial agents?
real or perceived threats, live in fear
30
What are environmental risks?
toxins(lead, pesticides, mercury), air pollution(carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide), water pollution(waste, run off-chemicals added to soil)
31
What does an environmental assessment include?
exposure survey work history environmental history
32
what are ways to reduce environmental risk?
 Shift to e-records to avoid paper  Recycle  Promote minimal packaging and green wrappers  Go fragrance free  Turn off equipment not used  Report dysfunctional plumbing  Promote local sustainable foods (organic)  Start a Green Team  Education  Create community
33
What is IPREPARE?
individual environment exposure risk history.  Investigate potential exposures  Present work  Residence  Environmental concerns  Past work  Activities  Referrals and resources  Educate
34
What is the EPA?
Regulatory body Performs environmental assessments, Performs research, Educates Sets and enforces national environmental standards
35
What is MSDS?
under right to know, a document that lists information relating to occupational safety and health for the use of various substances and products.
36
What are health disparities?
Health disparities are preventable circumstances relating to individuals' health status based on social factors such as income, ethnicity, education, age and gender.
37
What is health equity?
Health equity is achieved when every person has the opportunity to “attain his or her full health potential” and no one is “disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of social position or other socially determined circumstances.”
38
Who is covered by medicare?
over 65, under 65 with end stage renal disease, people under age 65 with certain disabilities.
38
Who is covered by medicare?
over 65, under 65 with end stage renal disease, people under age 65 with certain disabilities.
39
Who is covered by medicaid?
 Single parents with dependent children  Aged, blind, and disabled varies by state
40
What is TennCare?
Tennessee's medicaid program
41
What does CHIP cover?
provides health coverage to eligible children, through both Medicaid and separate CHIP programs.
42
What does WIC cover?
provides Federal grants to States for supplemental foods, health care referrals, and nutrition education for low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, and non-breastfeeding postpartum women, and to infants and children up to age five who are found to be at nutritional risk.Provides food, information, education, counseling, screening and referrals to other services
43
What is an endemic?
constant presence of a disease within a geographic area or a population.
44
What is a pandemic?
refers to an epidemic occurring worldwide and affecting large populations.
45
What are examples of foodborne diseases?
salmonella, e coli, gastroenteritis, botulism
46
What are modes of NCD transmission?
foodborne, waterborne, vectorborne,
47
What are waterborne illnesses?
 Hepatitis A  Bacillary dysentery  Cholera  Typhoid fever  Giardia
48
What are vectorborne illnesses?
west nile, lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever, malaria,
49
What kind of precautions for measles?
airborne isolation precautions, Airborne transmission so N95, negative pressure room, not entering room after measles-infected people have been in it b/c ridiculously contagious
50
What are transmission types of HIV/AIDS?
 blood,  semen (cum),  pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum),  rectal fluids,  vaginal fluids, and  breast milk.
51
What are risk factors for STDs?
 Younger than 25 years  Member of minority group  Residing in an urban setting  Being impoverished  Using crack cocaine
52
What are the most common risk factors for NCD?
 Nutrition  Physical activity  Tobacco  Alcohol
53
What are USPSTF recommendations?
recommended immunization schedules and the Bright Futures guidelines for children and adolescents, provide a comprehensive set of recommendations for primary and secondary preventive services for all Americans—from infancy through old age.
54
What are the steps of disaster management?
 Prevention (Mitigation)  Preparedness  Response  Recovery
55
What are elements of prevention for disaster management?
increasing surveillance, improving inspections and airport security, and strengthening public health processes such as immunizations, isolation, and quarantine
56
How to recognize anthrax?
A group of small blisters or bumps that may itch. Swelling can occur around the sore. A painless skin sore (ulcer) with a black center that appears after the small blisters or bumps. Most often the sore will be on the face, neck, arms, or hand.
57
How to recognize smallpox?
sores appeared all over the body at the same time (i.e. synchronously) (mostly on the face, arms, and legs, and sometimes on the palms and soles) and all looked the sameSymptoms: -high fever, -head and body aches -sometimes vomiting
58
How to tell the difference between smallpox and varicella?
Smallpox spots are smaller, the amount of fluid in the pimples is less. Chickenpox blisters look like water bubbles, break easily and cause infection if not kept clean.
59
How is smallpox transmitted?
direct and fairly prolonged face-to-face contact and can be spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated objects such as bedding or clothing.
60
What is the treatment for smallpox?
brincidofovir (TEMBEXA) for treatment of smallpox
61
What does the federal public health agencies do?
develop regulations that implement policies formulated by Congress and provide a significant amount of funding to state and territorial health agencies
62
Role of state public health agencies?
responsible for monitoring health status and enforcing laws and regulations that protect and improve the public’s health. Distribute federal and state funds to local public health agencies to implement programs at the community level
63
What are the roles of local public health agencies?
responsibilities vary depending on the locality and are responsible for implementing and enforcing local, state, and federal public health codes and ordinances and providing essential public health programs to a community
64
What is assumption #1 of IW?
defining PHN practice
65
What is assumption #2?
PHN practice focuses on populations
66
What is assumption #3?
PHN considers the determinants of health
67
What is assumption #4?
Priorities identified through community assessment
68
What is assumption #5?
emphasis on prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary)
69
What is assumption #6?
PHNs intervene at all levels of practice
70
What is assumption #7?
PHNs use nursing process in all levels of practice
71
What is assumption #8?
PHN practice uses a common set of interventions regardless of practice setting (intervention wheel)
72
What is assumption #9?
PHN practice contributes to achievement of 10 essential services
73
What is #10?
PHN is grounded in a set of values and beliefs
74
What are steps in a community assessment?
1. assessing need. 2. setting goals and objectives. 3. developing an intervention. 4. implementing the intervention. 5. evaluating the results.
75
What is the change model?
CHANGE is a tool to help a community complete an assessment that not only provides a diagnosis but also ends with the presentation of an action plan. The idea is to create a living document that the community can use to prioritize the health needs of the community and provide a means for structuring community activities around a common goal. CHANGE focuses on assessment and diagno- sis with evaluation built in as the goal
76
What is the MAPP model?
includes the full scope of health planning including assessing, diagnosing, devel- oping an intervention, implementing the intervention, and evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention
77
What is the precede-proceed model?
- Oldest model - Precede: Predisposing Reinforcing and Enabling factors, and Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation - Proceed: Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Education and Environmental Design
78
What is the logic model?
Underlying theory that drives design; moves in logical order
79
What are the steps of the logic model?
1. Resources 2. Activities 3. Outputs 4. Outcomes 5. Impact
80
What are challenges PHNs face?
rural public health nurses have limited resources, poor infrastructure, and different health issues from urban areas
81
What is a centralized health department?
- Operated by state health agency or state board of health - P H functions under state agency - Five states use this method
82
What is a decentralized health department?
- Operated by local government - No board of health - 27 states use this method
83
What is a shared/mixed health department?
- Operated under the shared authority of: -State health agency - Board of health - Local government - 16 states use this system
84
What is horizontal transmission?
person-to-person spread of infection through one or more of the following four routes: direct/indirect contact, common vehicle, airborne, or vector-borne
85
What is smallpox?
more pox present on palms and soles of feet, develops slower. 10% mortality rate
86
What is chickenpox?
more pox on body, rapid development. death uncommon

Community Health Nursing (3 decks)

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