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AMP II > Final Exam (Amp I Review) > Flashcards

Final Exam (Amp I Review) Flashcards

1
Q

normal

A

0-20

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2
Q

mild

A

20-40

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3
Q

moderate

A

40-55

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4
Q

moderately severe

A

55-70

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5
Q

severe

A

70-90

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6
Q

profound

A

> 90

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7
Q

vent for 50-60

A

.5 to no

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8
Q

vent for 40-49

A

1-2mm

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9
Q

vent for 30-39

A

2-3mm or power

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10
Q

vent for 20-29

A

3-3.5f or closed

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11
Q

</= 20 vent

A

open domes

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12
Q

what is the OE

A

Increased perception of ones own voice when there is something blocking the ear canal

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13
Q

fitting range for BTE

A

all

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14
Q

fitting range for slim tube

A

mild to mod

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15
Q

fitting range for RIC

A

minimal to severe

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16
Q

fitting range for ITE

A

normal LF to mod severe

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17
Q

fitting range for ITC

A

slight lf (20) to mod sev

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18
Q

CIC fitting range

A

mild to mod sev (25-70)

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19
Q

IIC fitting range

A

mild to mod severe

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20
Q

full shell fitting

A

severe to profound

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21
Q

fitting for skeleton

A

mild to sev

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22
Q

canal mold fitting

A

mild to sev

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23
Q

canal lock fitting

A

mild to sev

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24
Q

half shell fitting

A

mild to sev

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25
Q

vinyl purpose

A

infants
adults w/ facial flex & dexterity
high gain devices

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26
Q

adv for vinyl

A

snug fit
easy to modify

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27
Q

disadv for vinyl

A

shrinks
hardens
discolors
replace every 6-12 mos

28
Q

silicone purpose

A

pes
high gain
allergies
facial flex

29
Q

adv to silicone

A

durable
doesn’t shrink
hypoallergenic
snug fit
increased comfort

30
Q

disadv of silicone

A

can cause blisters or increased discomfort
hard to modify
costs more

31
Q

lucite purpose

A

adults
mild to sev loss
floppy soft pinnas

32
Q

adv to lucite

A

durable
no shrinkage
discrete

33
Q

disadv to lucite

A

potential for physical injury
increased fedback with movement
will not move past narrow/tortuous areas

34
Q

13 standard wall

A

mild to mod loss

35
Q

13 heavy wall

A

mod to sev

36
Q

13 double wall

A

sev to profound

37
Q

expansion

A

needed to decrease input of really soft sounds that are bothersome

increase TK

really low cr

38
Q

WDRC

A

expands dynamic range
more added to soft, some to moderate and less to loud

low TK (20-50)
Low CR (1.1:1 to 4:1)

39
Q

OLC

A

protects ear from loud sounds
Hight TK (80 and >)
High CR: >/= 5:1

40
Q

Explain the auditory processing issues limiting the SNHL patient’s ability to hear well in noisy environments. (specifically, frequency & temporal resolution, and spatial hearing)

A

frequency: ability to detect differences between frequencies. with HL this is reduced and sounds that are similar blend together resulting in speech signals being harder to separate from background noise, making it difficult for the patient to distinguish between different speech sounds, especially in noisy environments.

temporal: ability to detect rapid changes in sound overtime. This is needed in order to understand speech patterns and gaps in background noise. With HL, it affects their ability to detect and follow rhythms of speech especially in noisy environments.

Spatial: ability to detect where a sound is coming from (localization). Relies on binaural cues (ITD & ILD). With HL, it makes it hard for them to determine where a sound is coming from which helps in background noise where we normally separate sounds based on their location to focus on teh speaker.

41
Q

sound cleaning tech

A

spatial (automatic mic switching)
temporal (DNR)
spectral (looks at frequency of signal to control it)

42
Q

describe how tech uses spatial domain cleanin

A

automatic mics

adaptive directional mics
fixed direcitonal mics
beamforming

43
Q

superior when only a few noise sources are present

A

adaptive

44
Q

superior in the presence of multiple noise sources

A

fixed

45
Q

beamforming

A

NB
focuses in on a narrow field
Good for talking with one person at a time and block out as much sound as possible

When signal is <55 SPL widest beamwidth activates
As environmental intensity increases (>75 SPL) smallest beamwidth is activated

46
Q

ONLY thing we can do in digital ha tech to improve speech intelligibility is to enable

A

directional mics

47
Q

sound cleaning in the temporal domain

A

DNR

looks at modulatioin rate and depth to dcontrol the signal

acts on steady state signals to improve comfort, reduce listening effort and cognitive loads

48
Q

modulation rate of speech

A

slow

49
Q

modulation rate of noise

A

fast

50
Q

modulation depth of speech

A

highly variable

51
Q

modulation depth of noise

A

steady over time

52
Q

sound cleaning in spectral domain

A

HA here looks at a signal’s frequency to control the signal
Theory is that If noise is below 1.5 and then understanding speech comes from mid and high frequencies reducing the output in low frequencies will improve speech intelligibility in noise
if we attenuate and reduce lf amp and leave in hf, then we will probably improve speech intelligibility

53
Q

two ways to reduce OE

A

Skull transduces LF energy generated by your own voice and the signal becomes trapped in the ear canal
Increased perception of one’s own voice when something is blocking the ear canal
Common complaint occurs when LF threshold is better than 50 dB

Vent size & stabalizing the device in the bony canal are two management techniques to reduce OE

54
Q

Recognize threshold kneepoints and compression ratios associated with WDRC and OLC.

A

WDRC
TK is low: set between 20-50
CR is low: set between 1.1:4.1
OLC
TK is high: set >/= 80dB
CR is high: >/= 5:1

55
Q

Describe how output changes when input level threshold kneepoints are lowered or raised.

A

Practically, shift TK down if a PT needs more clarity of soft consonant sounds & shift TK up to reduce audibility of soft low frequency background noise

56
Q

The dynamic range of a digital microphone is limited by the A/D Converter’s digital bits

A

Analog mic = 115 dB SPL (can collect input signals up to this before input distortion
Digital mic = ONLY 96 dB SPL (anything > results in input distortion)

57
Q

Describe two ways to reduce front end input distortion for loud input levels

A

Front end distortion occurs when sounds picked up by the mic exceeds its dynamic range
Increasing the bit resolution (increases dynamic range of the mic) or shift the dynamic range up because the lower intensities aren’t needed as much

58
Q

when will medicare reimburse

A

Evaluation of the cause of disorders of hearing, tinnitus, or balance;
Evaluation of suspected change in hearing, tinnitus, or balance;
Determination of the effect of medication, surgery, or other treatment;
Reevaluation to follow up regarding changes in hearing, tinnitus, or balance that may be caused by established diagnoses that place the patient at probable risk for a change in status, including but not limited to otosclerosis, atelectatic tympanic membrane, tympanosclerosis, cholesteatoma, resolving middle ear infection, Meniére’s disease, sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss, autoimmune inner ear disease, acoustic neuroma, demyelinating diseases, ototoxicity secondary to medications, or genetic vascular and viral conditions;
Failure of a screening test (although the screening test is not covered);
Diagnostic analysis of cochlear or brainstem implant and programming;
Audiologic diagnostic tests before and periodically after implantation of auditory prosthetic devices.

59
Q

when will medicare not reimburse

A

When the auditory/balance status is already known
When the reason for the hearing assessment is unrelated to hearing aids, or examinations for the purpose of prescribing, fitting, or modifying hearing aids

60
Q

Describe 3 methods used to reduce external feedback

A

DFS (reduce feedback loop, digital notch filtering, digital feedback ancellation)

61
Q

Reduce external feedback loop

A

Increase snugness of mold to reduce size of slit leaks
Or decrease vent size to stop feedback path
Limitation: both increases OE

62
Q

Digital notch filtering

A

Removes frequencies around the noise - reduces gain around 2-4 kHz where feedback occurs
HA between this range with notch creates a notch in frequency response so we don’t amplify sound in those regions -
reduction in gain from 2-4 kHz and if you don’t turn the volume up it won’t cause feedback
Limitation 35% of intelligibility comes from this range alone so you stop feedback but stopped audibility of important speech sounds so reduced speech intelligibility

63
Q

Digital feedback cancellation

A

When HA detects feedback (identified due to steady state noise bw 2-4 kHz) an algorithm creates an out of phase clone of the signal (duplicate of the feedback) and this causes the clone to be subtracted from the amp path and in turn attenuates the feedback

64
Q

Frequency lowering 3 types

A

linear frequency transposition

nonlinear frequency compression

spectral envelope warping

65
Q

Linear Frequency Transposition

A

Improves HF audibility by moving HF band one octave down to LF region
CUT AND PASTE into LF, takes the highs and shoves it into the lows

66
Q

Nonlinear Frequency Compression

A

HF range is compressed into a LF range; squishes it down into the audible region
maintain tonotopic order more, lowered all the frequencies, squished into lower frequency space, close to each frequencies close to their original spot

67
Q

Spectral Envelope Warping

A

Leave the HF where it is but also COPY and PASTE into LF
Keeping a portion in HF but also transposing portion down to LF range

AMP II (7 decks)

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