Final Exam All Flashcards
What did Gabriel announce?
Both the birth of John and the birth of Jesus
To whom is the Gospel of Mark written? Who is the audience?
Romans
Joseph
Legal father of Jesus
Matthew genealogy generations
Abraham to David, David to Babylonian Captivity and Babylonian Captivity to Jesus
What is the superscription of the book of Luke?
Euanggelion Kata Lukan
Date of Matthew
Before 70 ADLuke is earlier than Acts and Matthew is undoubtedly early than Luke. - 50 AD is the though of the date of Matthew.Matthew priority held - date of AD 50Mark priority held - date of AD 60
Describe Peter’s first acknowledgement of Jesus’ power after “casting their nets to the other side.”
Peter obeys, casts nets, too many fish for his boat and another, “I am not worthy” and Jesus replies with you will be catching men
What is Mary’s song called?
The magnificat
Place of origin of Matthew
Palestine or Antioch of Syria
What did the miracles reveal about Jesus in Mark 1-8?
Power
Date of Matthew
Probably 50 AD
Micah 5:2 Quote
But as for you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, Too little to be among the clans of Judah, From you One will go forth for Me to be ruler in Israel. His goings forth are from long ago, From the days of eternity.
Where did the book of Mark originate?
Rome
What are some characteristics of the book of Mark?
- Prominence given to presenting the account as the “gospel”
- Stresses the element of secrecy imposed by Jesus about His miracles, exorcisms, confession of Messiahship and transfiguration
- Notes the multitudes surrounding Jesus
- Unique linguistics - Latinisms, rough Greek syntax
- Emphasizes “immediately”
- Emotions of Jesus dominant
- Special attention given to preparation of disciples (8-10)
- Abounds in High Christology
- Ends abruptly
What philosophers did Christian thinking need to dispel during the time of Luke?
Stoicism and Epicureanism
According to Clement of Alexandria, why was the Gospel of Mark written?
at the request of the Christians in Rome
In what chapters of Mark does Christ devote to preparing the disciples for ministry
8-10
What are the 7 signs of the book of John?
Wedding feast at CanaHealing Nobleman’s sonHealing the infirm manFeeding of the 5000+Walking on the waterSight to the blind manRaising of Lazarus
Matthew genealogy women
Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, Bathsheba
Identify the external Evidence for the authorship of Mark
Papias, Martyr, Ireneus, the Muratorian Fragment, Tatian’s Diatessaron, Clement of Alexander, Tertullian, Origen, Eusebius
What is unique about Luke’s geneology?
He goes through Mary and goes all the way back to Adam.
How did Mark get his information for the book?
Tradition says he wrote the incidents are Peter remembered them.
What is the most probable date for Mark?
65-67
Magi
Led by star in East
How much of the book of Mark is devoted to the last week of Christ’s life?
over 2/5ths or 0ver 40%
What is the proof for the connection between Mark and Peter?
External - Eusebius quotes Papias as saying Mark wrote down what Peter had remembered of the things said and done by the Lord.
Style compares closely with the sermon of Peter as recorded in Acts 10:36-41.
Isaiah 40:3 Quote
A voice is calling, Clear the way for the LORD in the wilderness; Make smooth in the desert a highway for our God.
Key Verse of Mark
Mark 10:45
How is John described in John 21:20, 23-24
The beloved disciple
What external evidence of the authorship of Matthew quotes Matthew more than any other Gospel?
The Didache
What word is emphasized 41 times in the book of Mark?
Immediately
At what pivotal points did Jesus refer to himself as the Son of God in Mark?
Baptism, Transfiguration and Cross
What were the reasons for the writing of the book of Luke?
for the confirmation of Theophilis in the Christian faith (so he had an accurate account from which to teach)
so that the communication of that faith could be given to the Greek - speaking world
What is the purpose of Mark to believers?
the life of a committed disciple
Give three examples of the external acceptance of Matthew’s authorship
Letters of Ignatius and Polycarp
Didache (AD 110) quotes Matthew more than any Gospel
The Christians in Roman acquainted with the book by AD 120 (especially the Magi)
The epistle of Barnabas uses the expression “it is written” in quotations of Matthew 20:16 and 22:14
Many of the early church fathers (justin Martyr, Papias, Irenaeus, Origen, Dionysius, Theophilis, Cerinthus, Valentinus and Tatian) attributed the book to Matthew
What heresy rocked the church of the second century?
Gnosticism
Climactic Confession of Peter
Mark 8:29 - You are the Christ, the Son of the Living God.
Why is Mark 2:13 the turning point in Mark
He is drawing a crowd
Where did John spend time ministering during the latter years of his life?
Ephesus
What was the focus of Mark 11-16?
Jesus’ sacrifice for the world
Five Discourses in Matthew
Sermon on the Mount - 5-7 - focuses on The Law
Commission of the Twelve - 10 - focus on Israel
Parables of the Kingdom - 13 - focus on Mystery
Teaching for the church - 18 - focus on Present
Olivet Discourse - 24-25 - focus on the future
Purpose statement of Matthew
MATTHEW RECORDED SELECTED EVENTS FROM THE LIFE AND MINISTRY OF JESUS CHRIST IN ORDER TO CONFIRM TO A JEWISH AUDIENCE THAT JESUS WAS INDEED THE MESSIAH THE KING AND TO EXPLAIN THE KINGDOM PROGRAM OF GOD FOR THE PRESENT AGE IN LIGHT OF ISRAEL’S REJECTION OF HER KING.
What is the complete Outline of Luke?
Jesus Christ: The Perfect Man
Prologue - 1:1-4
Prepublic Life - 1:5-4:13
Luke 19:10 - Jesus seeking and saving the lost
Galilean Ministry - 4:14-9:50
Travelogue - 9:51-19:27
Entrance into Jerusalem - 19:28-21:38
Passion Narrative - 22:1-24:53
What major section of Luke is unique to Luke?
The travelogue - the central section
Name three external evidences for the authorship of Luke.
Muratorian Fragment as the first to give evidence of Lukan authorshp. To this can be added such names as Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria, the Anti-Marcionite Prologue, Origen, and Jerome.
What subordinate purposes existed for the writing of John.
An exposure of Gnosticism and docetism and the exposure of Judaism as an inadequate system of religion that crowned its sins by rejecting the promised Messiah.
What superscription on the earliest manuscripts is evidence of Markun authorship?
superscription Kata Markon
What is the complete outline of John.
Prologue - 1:1-18
Revelation to Israel 1:19-12:50 - Private, Public, 7 Signs
Revelation to Disciples 13:1-17:26 - Instruction. Intercession, Upper Room
Redemption for the World - 18:1-20:31 - Death, Resurrection, Final Sign
Epilogue 21:1-25
What does Jesus read and say in the synagogue in Nazareth?
He reads Isaiah 61:1-2a “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he’s anointed me to preach good news to the poor. He sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners, recovery of the sight for the blind, and he sent me to release the oppressed and to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.” and says Today this has been fulfilled in your midst.
What book is it to be compared to when looking at the internal evidence of Luke.
Acts
What was John the most qualified to present?
as an eyewitness, the divine picture of Jesus as the Son of God.
Magi Fulfillment
Numbers 24
Mary is told Jesus is going to be the Son of the Most High and be sovereign. What OT prophesy does that fulfill
2 Samuel 7:13-17 - the three parts of the Davidic kingdom - a throne, a house and a kingdom
Give some internal evidence of Mark’s authorship of the book of Mark.
Mark is the only Gospel who records the incident of the young man who fled from Gethsemane(14:51-52).
- The detailed description of the “guest room” in Mark 14:12-16 (cf. Mt. 26:17-19; Jn. 13:1-12) would be more natural had it been his house.
- There is evidence within the book of a knowledge of Aramaic and the local customs which would fit Mark who was a Palestinian Jew (Acts 12:17).
- A close connection between Mark and Peter (1 Pet. 5:13) is noticed when comparison is made of the content of the Gospel and the sermon of Peter in Acts 10:36-41.
Also, Eusebius, in his quote of Papias, says Mark was the “interpreter” for Peter’s teachings.
What does the superscription Kata Markon at the beginning of Mark reveal about the beliefs of the early church?
They believed in Markun authorship
What word does Luke use when he is ridding demoniacs of their demons and people of their diseases?
He uses the word rebuke or the language of rebuke
Climactic Confession of Centurion
Mark 15:39 - When the centurion, who was standing right in front of Him, saw the way He breathed His last, he said, “Truly this man was the Son of God!”
What is the subject/purpose statement of Mark
MARK RECORDED SELECTED EVENTS FROM THE LIFE AND MINISTRY OF JESUS CHRIST TO PRESENT THE GOSPEL TO A ROMAN READERSHIP BY PROVING THAT JESUS IS THE CHRIST, THE SON OF GOD, AND TO PROVIDE A PATTERN OF DISCIPLESHIP THROUGH THE MODEL OF THE SUFFERING SERVANT WHO REMAINED FAITHFUL EVEN UNTO DEATH.
Key Word of Mark
Immediately - used 41 times
Explain the unique cycle or order of the book of Luke.
Luke tells the story of John’s birth and then Jesus’ birth, He tells the story of John’s ministry and then Jesus’ ministry - it is a AB AB AB kind of cycle…finishes one before he starts the other.
What is the addressee of both Acts and Luke.
Theophilus
What are the 7 Messianic Claims in John?
I am the bread of lifeI am the light of the world I am the door of the sheepI am the good shepherdI am the resurrection and the lifeI am the way, the truth and the lifeI am the true vine
Explain the difference of the parable of the talents and the parable of the minas (pounds)
What did John intend to teach with the book of John?
That Jesus is the Son of God.
What instruction did Theophilis provide using the book of Luke?
the certainties of the Gospel of Jesus
a presentation of the historical verities of the Christian faith
What were conditions in Rome like for Christians at the time of the writing of Mark?
Nero was king, blamed Christians for fire in AD64, persecution rampant.
What is the most likely date of the book of John?
AD 85-90
Give some characteristics of the book of Luke
Most literary - Luke master of Greek language
18-20 parables unique to Luke
large place given to the ministry of the Holy Spirit
Frequent mention of temple
Over 20 references to Angels
Extensive use of Isaiah in the redemption message
Ties the sacred narrative to secular history
Special “travelogue” section that emphasizes the geographical movements of Christ.
Jesus “set” in His travels to go to Jerusalem.
Simeon
Simon - theme of his adoration is revelation
Herod at the time of Christ
Herod the Great
What is the verse indicating a turning point in Mark?
Mark 2:13
Describe the public private structure of the outline of John.
Private - 1:19-2:11Public - 2:12:12:50Private - 13:1-17-17:26Public - 18:1-19:42Private - 20:1-31
What is the hymn of Zacharias called?
The benedictus
Give a few examples of the internal evidence for Luke’s authorship (along with that of Acts)
Address to the same person -Theophilus
Material in Acts supplements what is presented in Luke.
Emphasis to the Person and work of the Holy Spirit in both Luke and Acts.
Vocabulary, style and language closely connected.
“We” sections point to an author with Paul during his Roman imprisonment. Luke is the only real possibility.
Medical language in both Luke and Acts suggest the author was a physician.
Location of Matthew if written in Aramaic
Palestine
What phrase is left out of Luke at the triumphal entry?
Hosanna - he gives the rest of Psalm 118 but not hosanna
What are the dates of the Gospels?
Matthew - around 50AD
Mark - around 67-68 AD
Luke - 58-59 AD
John
Language of Matthew
Aramaic or Greek.
Internal acceptance of Matthew’s authorship
gospels superscription, reference by other gospel authors, inclusion of monetary words
Talk about the differences in the Sermon on the Mount as recorded by Luke.
The chapter is Luke 6 and he delivers it using four blessings and then four woes.
What verse states the purpose statement for John?
John 20:30-31
What is the purpose statement of John?
JOHN RECORDED A SELECTED NUMBER OF SIGNS AND SAYINGS OF JESUS IN ORDER TO PERSUADE HIS AUDIENCE THAT JESUS WAS THE MESSIAH THE SON OF GOD WHO COULD GIVE THEM ETERNAL LIFE IF THEY WOULD BELIEVE IN HIM.
Herod at the time of Christ’s death
Herod Antipas
What was the destination of the Gospel of Mark? What proofs exist that this was the intended initial audience?
the church at Rome - Earliest testimony found in the Anti-Marcionite Prologue that is attached to the Gospel accounts in many old Latin manuscripts (c. 160-180 AD)
Only 1 OT quotation
Aramaic expressions are interpreted
Jewish customs explained
no preaching prohibitions listed
gospel preached to all nations
temple was a house of prayer for all nations
internal references to Simon being the father of Alexander and Rufus
certain Lating technical terms and certain Greek constructions all point to a Roman readership.
During whose reign was John exiled to the Island of Patmos?
Emperor Domitian
What is the date of the book of Luke?
- Prior to 70AD
- Could be Around 62AD - near the end of the Roman imprisonment.
- Acts 1:1 indicates that Luke was written before Acts.
- Luke gathered his information from his 10 year service with Paul and then before leaving Palestine with Paul on the journey to Rome, he sent it from Caesarea to his friend Theophilus.
- Reasonable conclusion - 58-59 AD during Paul’s two year imprisonment at Caesarea.
Internal evidence for Matthew written by Matthew
gospel’s superscription - oldest kown witness to authorship - found on all known manuscripts of the gospel
Matthew uses the designation of “publican” in the list of disciples whereas the other writers name him as Matthew.
According to the two other synoptic writers, Matthew held a feast “in his own house” whereas Matthew records the general fact, “In the house”
Matthew was knowledgable of Jewish Greek and Roman culture and would be able to speak in Aramaic and Greek as well as Hebrew as it is evidenced within the book.
Matthew’s inclusion of moneytary words - unique to Matthew is the payment of the temple tax.
Matthew was the son of Alphaeus and also bore the surname of Levi. Last recorded name in Acts 1:13
Quote Luke 19:10
“For the Son of Man came to seek and save the lost.”
Divisions of Matthew - “from that point on”
Mt 4:17 - kingdom message proclaimed,
16:21 emphasis changes to the cross
The Prologue and prepublic life present Jesus in what way?
Jesus Christ: The Perfect Man
What verses talk about the inspiration of the Bible?
1 Peter 1:20-21
Internal evidence for the book of John being authored by John.
Jewish author - used OT Scripture
Eyewitness - people, time numbers and minute deatails
Statement - “we beheld His glory” - someone at the transfiguration - Peter mentioned by name (1:41) and James already martyred
By the way John introduces himself (13:23 and 19:26)
Mentioning John the Baptist as John
Where was the book of John discovered?
fragments were discovered in Egypt
Why is John the last in the sequence of the Gospels?
His account of the life of Christ seemed to presuppose a knowledge of the Synoptics.
What prevalent heresies were there at the time of the writing of John?
Gnosticism - with its dualism
Dilemma of the origin of evil
Mysticism
What kind of word replacements did Luke do?
Used zealot for Jew instead of Canaanite
Used teacher in place of rabbi
Used lawyer instead of scribe
How does Mark present Jesus? What is the pattern of the Gospel?
a servant
What is the oldest known witness to the authorship of Matthew
The superscription (found on all known manuscripts)
Who wrote John and how do we know?
The book does not name the writer, he is indicated as the beloved disciple and a close companion of Peter (John 21:20, 23-24)
What are the early and late possibilities for the dates of Mark?
AD45 - those who argue that Mark is first
67-68 - those who see Matthew as the first gospel - after the martyrdom of Peter and before the destruction of the temple
Purpose statement of Mark
Mark recorded selected events from the life and ministry of Jesus to present the gospel to a Roman readership by proving that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and to provide a pattern of discipleship through the model of the suffering servant who remained faithful even unto death.
Destination or Audience of Matthew
early Jewish converts
Magi Significance
Gentiles recognized that a king had been born
Why do they conclude that Mark was written to Romans?
Only 1 OT reference, Jewish customs explained, Gospel for all nations
When were fragments of the book of John found and what is the significance?
Fragments were found in the 2nd century - so the book had to have been written in the first century.
How many times does Mark’s name appear in the New Testament?
8
Characteristics of Matthew
Large place given to eschatology
Kingdom teaching dominant
only Gospel that mentions the church
Five discourses that end with “when Jesus had finished,”
Notable concern for Gentiles
What apostle assisted Mark with the writing of Mark and what verse corroborates that?
Peter - 1 Peter 5:13
What is the designation of the book of Luke?
Theophilis
What does Irenaeus say about the when and where of the Gospel of John?
He says John wrote it from Ephesus 68-98 AD. Most likely it was actually written 85-90 AD.
What is the key verse of Luke?
Luke 19:10
What is the subject/purpose statement of Luke?
LUKE PROVIDED AN ORDERLY ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE AND MINISTRY OF JESUS CHRIST FOR A GENTILE READERSHIP IN ORDER TO CERTIFY THAT JESUS WAS THE PROMISED MESSIAH FOR ISRAEL AND WAS INDEED THE SON OF GOD WHO BECAME THE SON OF MAN IN ORDER TO PROVIDE THE WAY FOR THE GENTILES TO ENTER THE KINGDOM AS WELL AS ISRAEL.
Name some of the early church fathers who believed in the Markun authorship.
Papias, Martyr, Irenaeus, the Muratorian Fragment, Tatian’s Diatessaron, Clement of Alexander, Tertullian, Origen, Eusebius all declare Mark as the author.
Anna
Anna - the theme of her adoration is redemption
John the Baptist
Forerunner in birth, ministry and death
Quote Key Verse of Mark - Mark 10:45
For the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve and give His life as a ransom for many
Micah 5:2 Significance
Prophesy of Bethlehem as birthplace of Jesus
Name all of the intended recipients of the book of Luke.
Theophilis, the Christian community and the Greek speaking world.
External Evidence for the book of Matthew
The Didache (c. 110) quotes Matthew more than any other Gospel.
The letters of Ignatius and Polycarp (c. AD 110) reveal familiarity.Christians in Rome acquainted with it by AD 120 (especially account of the Magi)
The epistle of Barnabas (c. AD 130) uses the expression “it is written” in quotation of Matthew 20:16 and 22:14
Many of the early Christian fathers (Justin Martyr, Papias, Ireneaus, Origen, Dionysious, Theophilus, Cerinthus, Valentinus, and Tatian) attreibute book to Matthew.
What chapters of Mark cover Discipleship
chapters 8-10
From where was Mark written?
Rome
Basic Outline of Matthew with Focus and reference
Person of the King - Early Life and Ministry - 1:1-4:25
Platform of the King - Sermon on the Mount - 5:1-7:29
Power of the King - Miracles and Mission - 8:1-10:42
Parables of the King - Rejection and Revelation 11:1-13:52
Progressive Rejection of the King - Miracles and Responses - 13:53-18:35
Presentation of the King - Entry and Controversy - 19:1-25:46
Passion of the King - Death and Resurrection - 26:1-28:20
Location of Matthew if written in Greek
Antioch of Syria
What other men named John are named in the NT?
John the Baptist - eliminated because he was beheaded long before the events of John were completed.John the father of Peter (1:42) he is not mentioned in any connection which might suggest he is the author.John Mark (Acts 12:12) concluded he was the author of the 2nd Gospel. John was written as an eyewitness account so he is eliminated from consideration.John of the Sanhedrin (Acts 4:5-6) - only reference in Scripture identifies him as an enemy of Chrstianity.John the Beloved Apostle (Matt. 4:21; Jn. 21:20-25) he is the most likely candidate.
Explain the experience of the announcement of John
Zaccharias his father is chosen by lot to offer for the people as the priestly offering, Gabriel appears and tells him about his son John, Zaccharaias doubts and is made deaf and dumb.
Olivet Discourse chapter in Matthew
Matthew 24-25
What two early church leaders wrote letters in the first century that reeal a familiarity with the book of Matthew?
Polycarp and Ignatius (AD 110)
What is the reason for the parable of the pounds?
To correct the mistaken notion that the kingdom would come immediately.
What is the possible location of the origin of Luke?
Caesarea
Original language possibilities for Matthew
Aramaic or Greek
What two verses indicate pivotal incidents in the book of Mark and why? These are the climatic confessions.
Mark 8:29 - Peters says Thou art the Christ the son of the living God
Mark 15;39 - When the centurion, who was standing right in front of Him, saw the way He breathed His last, he said, “Truly, this man was the Son of God!”
Isaiah 40:3 significance
Prediction of a forerunner
What are the characteristics of the book of John.
It is both simple and profound in its presentation of Jesus. Amazingly clear to beginning students and deep to the seasoned scholar
Father-Son relationship - Son presented as a reflection of the Father.
Style and vocabulary is simple ang uncomplicated.
Book records seven major miracles and seven major discourses but no parables.
Eschatology emphasized especially as it relates to judgment.
Predominant feature is the editorial comments of the author - 22 of them. Reveals the national blindness of Israel as the major cause and result of the rejection of the Messiah.
Prologue (1:1-18) of John unique as Christ is related to God and eternity
External evidence for the author of the book of John
Irenaeus is the chief witness to his authorship. He was a pupil of Polycarp, and Polycarp was a friend of the Apostle John. Also supported by Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian and Origen.
Destination (Recipients) of Matthew
early Jewish converts
What is an key word or emphasis of Luke?
to certify - he provides this orderly account to Theophilis so that he can “certify” that Jesus was the promised Messiah for Israel - the Son of God who became the Son of Man
What is the final sign in the book of John?
It is the sign of Jonah - the resurrection.
Nathanael
John 1:47-48
47 Jesus saw Nathanael coming to Him, and *said of him, “Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom there is no deceit!” 48 Nathanael *said to Him, “How do You know me?” Jesus answered and said to him, “Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, I saw you.”
Pharisees
Sadducees
followers and enforcers of the law
do not believe in resurrection
Name the 12 disciples
Simon Peter, Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, Judas Iscariot
Nicodemus
Came to Jesus by night
requested the body of Jesus from Pilot
Samaritan Woman
Jesus told her everything about her and she told the town about Jesus
Sanhedrin
The Jewish council
Syrophonecian woman
Came to Jesus to ask him to heal her daughter. Hinge lady
Gospel presented to the Gentiles (Canaanites)
