Final Exam Flashcards
what is co-operative inquiry
cooperative inquiry is a way of working with other people who have similar concerns and interests to yourself in order to:
o Understand your world, make sense of your life and develop new and creative ways of looking at things
o Learn how to act to change things you may want to change and find out how to do think better
what are action research approaches
focuses on the collaboration between the researcher and the subjects
everyone involved in the study is seen as a co-researcher
differs form traditional psychological research that focuses on the research as separate from the participants and in an “observer” role
cooperative inquiry is one approach to ______
action research
what is the argument of science of persons
argument is that it is not possible to have true science of persons unless inquiry is humans as persons
all engaged in the inquiry process contributes to the process with their own intelligence, intentionality, experiential reflection, and interpersonal relaitonality
what is participatory worldview
- Our world is a series of participatory relationships that are co-authored- not separate
o Reality is a co-creation that involves the universe and human feelings - Participatory worldview places human persons and communities as part of their world- both human and non-human co-creating
what is extended epistemology
- The epistemology that extend beyond the positivist concern for the rational and the empirical to include diverse ways of knowing as persons encounter and act in their world, particularly forms of knowing which are experiential practice
- Extended epistemology goes beyond orthodox empirical western ways of knowing
- Embraces a multiplicity of ways of knowing that start from a relationship between self and other, through participation and intuition
- Goes beyond orthodox empirical and rational western views of knowing and embraces a multiplicity of ways of knowing that start from a relationship between the self and other, through participation and intuition
what is experiential knowing
is through direct face-to-face encounter with a person, place, or thing (knowing through empathy and resonance)
what is presentational knowing
grows out of experiential knowing and provides the first form of expression through story, drawing, sculpture, movement, dance, drawing on aesthetic
what is propositional knowing
draws on concepts and ideas
what is practical knowing
consummates the other forms of knowing in action in the world
o In some ways the practical has primacy since most of knowledge, and all our primary knowledge arises as an aspect of activities that have practical not theoretical objectives- knowledge is an action
what is a liberationist spirit
- Participative forms of inquiry start with concerns for power and powerlessness, and aim to confront the way in which established and power-holding elements of societies world-wide are favoured because they hold a monopoly on the definition and employment of knowledge
- Affirms peoples’ rights and ability to have a say in decision which affect them, and which claim to generate knowledge about them
- gives people who do not have a voice the chance to engage in the research and empower them to fight for what they believe in
what is the major goal of participatory research
best a process that explicitly aims to educate those involved to develop their capacity for inquiry both individually and collectively
what are the two objectives of participatory research
- One aim is to produce knowledge and action directly useful to a group of people- through research, through adult education, and through socio-political action
- Second goal is to empower people at a second and deeper level through the process of construction and using their own knowledge
o Can see how establishments use production of knowledge to benefit its members
explain first-person action research/practice skills and methods
address the ability of the researcher to foster an inquiring approach to his or her own life, to act in awareness and choicefully and to assess effects in the outside world while acting
o Can I Do this?
o Looking inward
explain third -person action research/practice skills
practice aims to extend these relatively small-scale projects to create a wider community of inquiring involving a whole organization or community
explain second -person action research/practice skills
addresses our ability to inquire face-to-face with others into issues of mutual concern
o Looking outward
o Can I do this with face-to-face others into issues of mutual concerns
what are the phases of cooperative inquiry
- Phase 1: group of co-researchers explore an area of human activity
- Phase 2: co-researchers engage in the actions agreed
- Phase 3: the co-researchers become fully immersed and engaged in their experience
- Phase 4: co-researcher reassemble to consider their original propositions and question in the light of their experience
what is the first phase of cooperative inquiry
- Phase 1: group of co-researchers explore an area of human activity
o Primarily in the mode of propositional knowing, but it will also contain important elements of presentation knowning as group members use their imagination in story, fantasy, and graphics to help them articulate their interests and focus on their purpose in the inquiry
o They agree on the focus of their inquiry and together develop tentative question or propositions they wish to explore
o In the mode of propositional knowing but uses some presentational knowing while members focus on inquiry
o They conclude phase 1 with the planning of a method to explore this action and then making new ways to gather information from this experience
what is the second phase of cooperative inquiry
- Phase 2: co-researchers engage in the actions agreed
o Each co-researcher has a task to do that they must complete in a timely manner
o Observe and record the process and outcomes of their own and each other’s experience
o Careful to hold the propositional frame
o Involves primarily practical knowledge: knowing how to engage in appropriate action, to bracket off the starting idea, and to exercise relevant discrimination
o How to be within the ideas of the group and not focus on their own
what is the third phase of cooperative inquiry
- Phase 3: the co-researchers become fully immersed and engaged in their experience
o They may go deeper into the experience so that superficial understandings are elaborated and developed
o May steer away from original ideas into new fields or get so involved they forgot they are part of an inquiry group
o Involves experiential knowing
what is the fourth phase of cooperative inquiry
- Phase 4: co-researcher reassemble to consider their original propositions and question in the light of their experience
o The may modify develop or reframe them- or reject and pose new ones
o May choose that the next cycle of action stay the same or change
o Emphasizes on propositional knowing- although presentational forms of knowing form a bridge between experiential and practical phases
when is all of the phases of cooperative inquiry finished
The inquiry is finished when the initial questions are fully answered in practice, when there is new congruence between the four kinds of knowing
what are mini cycles associated with
Mini cycles associated with particular tasks and major cycles of action and reflection
what is a creative group
- The life of a creative group follows a creative organismic cycle which can be seen in all life-affirming human processes such as sexual intercourse, childbirth, preparing food and feasting, and doing good work together
what is a destructive group
- The destructive group lumbers between the basic group assumptions identified by Bion-dependency, flight/fight, and messianic pairing- in its search for relief of its overwhelming anxiety
what group is between creative and destructive group
- In between the creative group and destructive group it is intermediate group which is neither completely satisfying or destructive- but represents everyday experience
what are the the names of the phases of a creative group
nurturing phase
energizing phase
peak
relaxing phase
what is the nurturing phase of the creative group process
draws on people together and helps them feel emotionally safe and bonded. Its about leadership and creating a safe environment for the work of the group
- Identifying potential group members and establishing a group emotional atmosphere in which potential members feel sufficiently at home to begin to contribute their creative energy
- Introducing and explaining the process of cooperative inquiry
- Agreeing a framework of times and places for meeting which will provide organized framework for the major cycles of action and reflection
- Tasks needs of the group are to initiate people into the cooperative inquiry method and explore together the potential focus of the proposed inquiry - Give people opportunity to express experiences (presentational knowing) which contributes to questions and issues to be address (proportional knowing)
what is the energizing phase of the creative group process
group members focus on primary task and interaction intensifies. May be healthy conflict as different views and experiences are expressed. Leadership focuses on keeping the group on task and managing levels of emotional, physical and intellectual energy
- Following initial meetings, group is ready to move into inquiry- nurturing continues
- Key task need is for the group to establish cycles of action and reflection- important for movement
what is Apollonian inquiry
planned, ordered, and rational, seeking quality through systematic search
o Models are developed and put into practice: experiences systematically recorded; different forms of presentation used
what is Dionysian inquiry
is passionate and spontaneous, seeking quality through imagination and synchronicity
o Group engages in the activity that emerges in the moment, more attention is given to imagery
what is the peak phase of the creative group process
this occurs in a creative group at points of accomplishment- when emotional, task and organization energy of the group come together and the purpose is achieved
- A moment when the living labour cycle reaches a particular point of task accomplishment
- In cooperative inquiry- may be extended over weeks or months- there may be mini-peaks
- If a group is successful, they might be able to get an overall sense of accomplishment
what is research cycling
Four stages of inquiry several times, cycling between action and reflection, looking at experience and practice from different angles, ideas and ways of behaving
what are some inquiry skilled used to maintain validity in cooperative analysis
- Being present and open. Skill is about empathy, resonance and attunement- openness to meaning we give and find in our world
- Bracketing and reframing. Skills is holding our own classifications and constructs we impose in our perception, while trying other constructs for creativeness
- Radical practice and congruence. Skill being aware, during action, of the relationship between our purposes, the frames, norms and theories
- Non- attachment and meta- intentionality. Not investing one’s identity and emotional security in an action, while remaining fully purposive and committed to it
- Emotional Competence. Ability to identify and manage emotional states in various ways
what is emotional competence
Ability to identify and manage emotional states in various ways
what is non-attachment and meta-intentionality
Not investing one’s identity and emotional security in an action, while remaining fully purposive and committed to it
what are the validity procedures of cooperative inquiry
- Research Cycling. Four stages of inquiry several times, cycling between action and reflection, looking at experience and practice from different angles, ideas and ways of behaving
- Divergence and Convergence. Cycling can be convergent, co-researchers look several times at the same issues, each time in more detail; or divergent, co-researchers look at different issues on successive cycle
- Authentic Collaboration. Intersubjective dialogue is a key component in refining forms of knowing. Group needs to develop collaboration where all voices are heard
- Challenging consensus collusion. Procedure that authorizes any inquirer at any time to adopt the role of devil’s advocate in order to question the group to identify any collusion
- Managing Distress. Group adopts regular method for surfacing and processing repressed distress-which may get projected out, distorting thought, perception and action in inquiry
- Reflection and Action. Since inquiry process depends on alternating phases of action and reflection- balance is important. Make sure there is not too much reflection on little experience (arm-chair theorizing) or little reflection on too much experience (activism)
- Chaos and Order. If a group is open, adventurous and innovative, putting all at risk to reach out for the truth beyond fear and collusion, then, once the inquiry is well under way, divergence of thought and expression may descend into confusion, uncertainty, ambiguity, disorder and tension. A group needs to be prepared for chaos, tolerate it, and wait until there is a real sense of creative resolution.
what is the relaxing phase of the creative group process
the group begin to wind down after the task is completed members start to celebrate their achievements, reflect and learn. Organization issues need to be completed (finalizing loose ends as putting away tools and paying bills) leadership focuses on completion of these issues
- Stepping back from the task, celebrating, and appreciating achievements
- Tying up loose ends
- Adding the final touches to group activities that move it to completion’
- Relaxing is an active energetic, different in quality from the feeling of relaxation in other groups activities (leaving and going to the pub)
what is a focus group
- Qualitative methodology that involves small group discussions
- Focused on a particular topic of interest
