Final Exam Flashcards
Hemiplegia
paralysis of one side
Paraplegia
paralysis of both sides
Hemiparesis
weakness of one side
Paraparesis
weakness of both sides
Gait: unstable, hypokinesia, tremor, shuffling, jerky steps, slow
Parkinsonian Gait (similar to ataxic gait)
Diff between stature and habitus
Stature: height
Habitus: weight
What condition: thin, tall, arachnodactily, chest concavity, dilation of aorta, heart murmur?
Marfan’s Syndrome
Where is the tragus?
anterior cartilage of ear
Head and Neck Exam should cover what general areas/structures?
HEENT
What is the most common skin cancer? Where is it found?
- Basal Cell Carcinoma
- middle 2/3 of face
You are ____x more likely to have ____ if a relative has cancer.
2-3x more likely to have melanoma
Ptosis
lid lag (usually due to past stroke)
Difference between hypertelorism and exopthalmos?
- Hypertelorism: wide eyes
- Exopthalmos: bulging eyes (hyperthyroidism)
What are the 4 lymph node groups? Which can’t be palpated?
- Cervical
- Axillary
- Inguinal
- Internal (pelvic/abdominal/thoracic) can’t palpate
Healthy lymph nodes are…
soft and moveable
What do you do if you find a lymph node enlargement in a pt?
- watch for 2 weeks
- if still present, refer to ENT
6 key identifiers to routine swelling of lymph nodes
- tender
- mobile
- current or recurrent viral infection
- bilateral
- predictable locations
- long duration without change
What percentage of the US has TMD?
20%
What is the most common oral cancer? Oral cancer is what % of all cancers?
- squamous cell carcinoma (90%)
- 3%
__% of OC found in stage 1 or 2. They have a _____% survival rate.
- 40%
- 80-90%
__% of OC found in stage 3 or 4. They have a _____% survival rate.
- 60%
- 33%
What are the top 2 oral cancer risk factors?
- Tobacco
2. Alcohol
4 surfaces that are highest risk for oral cancers
- floor of mouth
- ventral surface of tongue
- lateral border of tongue
- oropharynx
What does induration mean?
-firm but not as hard as bone
What does compressible mean?
-pressure alters its shape
What does collapsing mean?
-contents can be expressed
What is a sessile body?
attached to surface on a broad base (opposite of pedunculated)
What is pedunculated?
attached with a stalk
What is eschar?
sloughing of epithelium caused by disease or trauma
Diff between path and macule?
Patch is large (>1cm)
Macule is small (<1cm)
What is a bulla?
Just like a vesicle (containing lymph or serum) but >1cm
Diff between leukoplakia and leukoedema?
Leukoplakia: light thick keratotic patch on mucosa
Leukoedema: light mucosa that disappears with stretch
Hairy leukoplakia caused by…
Epstein-Barr virus, white rough patches on lateral border of tongue
What is sialolithiasis?
salivary stones
What condition is caused by not cleaning dentures?
atrophic candidiasis
Candidiasis treatment?
yogurt, nystatin, ketaconozole, fluconozole
Herpes Simplex is cause by what?
HS1 virus in childhood (early adulthood can be 1 or 2)
What is Type 2 herpes simplex (Fever blisters)?
Genital
What condition is characterized by prodromal tingling?
aphthous ulcers
What are herpetiform aphthous ulcers?
Many small ulcers on the posterior palate
What % of med litigation cases cite communication?
68-70%
What is the #1 reason (and other 2) reasons people avoid the dentist?
1: Fear
2: cost
3: access to provider
6 Predictors of Dental Anxiety
- Attitude towards dentist
- check up frequency
- satisfaction with mouth
- avg # of filled surfaces
- gender
- annual income
Three physiological signs of anxiety
- perspiration
- cardiovascular
- respiration
Health literacy is associated with ____ and _____. It is NOT associated with _____ and _____.
Associated with: education and race/ethnicity
NOT associated with: age or gender
What are the disadvantages of the zinc-phosphate cements? 6
- initial low pH
- no chemical adhesion
- no antibacterial properties
- poor esthetics (no anteriors)
- long setting time
- exothermic rxn
What is the main benefit of ZOEs
neutral pH is better for pulp, soothing, (some antibacterial properties)
What is the main disadvantage of ZOEs?
cannot be used for acrylic or composite restorations
What was the first cement to bond to enamel and dentin?
zinc-polycarboxylates
-also antibacterial and short working time
Polycarboxylate cements cannot bond to…..
gold alloys
What is the main disadvantage of glass ionomer cements?
-generally moisture tolerant during setting but are soluble in the mouth
Main advantage of glass ionomer cements?
releases FL2
What is the best cement for maintaining margins?
glass ionomer
Advantage and disadvantage of resin modified glass ionomers
Advantage: less soluble
Disadvantage: low early strength, moisture sensitive during setting
Extremely important that you mix and place this cement within 2-2.5 minutes.
glass ionomer
What are the two advantages of ZONE cements compared to ZOE cements?
- replace eugenol with carboxylic acids for bonding
- greater retention than ZOE cements
What time interval is acceptable between comprehensive oral exams?
3-5 years if patient has not been seen in between apts
What three things are most commonly not recorded during a COE?
- missing teeth
- rotated teeth
- mobility of teeth
What is the most common medical emergency in a dental office?
vasovagal syncope (2/3 of all reported emergencies)
Diff between symptoms and signs?
Symptoms: reported by patient, body change perceptible to the pt.
Signs: body changes perceptible to the trained observer
swelling, discharge, bad taste, bad breath, elevated temp, malaise, cervical lymphadenopathy all may indicate….
infection
